The Tigris Expedition

Home > Other > The Tigris Expedition > Page 43
The Tigris Expedition Page 43

by Heyerdahl, Thor


  Cyperus papyrus, 276

  Cyprus, 327, 330

  Czillich, Josef, 57

  Da Gama, Vasco, 207

  Daily Sketch, 20

  Dales, G. F,, 242, 259

  Damhus, Asbjom, 53, 80, 82, 95, 99, 102, 103, 108, 109, 118, 130, 173, 188, 225, 238, 239, 241, 244, 245, 247, 248, 251, 259, 284, 291, 294,

  295, 304. 307-9, 331. 337; background of, 75

  Darrieus, Rear Admiral, 335

  Darwin, Charles, 310, 324

  Davies, Roy, 332-33

  Delphinidae family, 295

  Deluge stories, 22-24, 149

  Detlef, see Soitzek, Detlef

  Dhow sailors, 51-55, 56, 57, 90, 133,

  154 Dilmun, land of, 5, 9, 10, 22, 23, 24,

  96, 117-63, 164, 211, 214, 215, 216, 217, 218, 235, 236, 237-38, 263, 273, 274, 281, 288, 328; ancestral gods, 137; trade route importance, 142-43; See also Bahrain

  Dimitri (carpenter), 72, 78, 80

  Diyala, 273

  Djibouti, 323, 332-37

  Dolphins, 295-98

  Dubai, 170, 264, 288

  Easter Island, 20, 72, 131, 144, 145,

  150, 157, 288 Egypt (ancient), 8, 21, 25, 43, 85,

  99-100, 122, 123, 125, 126, 129,

  135. 136, 145. 146, 151, i57» 195, 196, 214, 237, 268, 269, 270, 271, 275, ^77, 278, 279, 287, 310-11, 322, 324, 325, 328, 329, 330, 336; contact with Failaka Island, 98-102; hieroglyphic sign for "marine," 100; reed ships of, 8

  Eiriksson, Leif, 75

  Elep urbati (reed vessels), 9

  Enki (ocean god), 22, 23, 124, 128-29, 137, 143

  "Enki's" wells and pools, 137-38

  Eratosthenes (geographer), 322-23

  Eridu, city of, 126

  Eryani, Mohamed Abdulla A1-, 333

  Esteban, Paulino, 47

  Ethiopia, 214, 237

  Euphrates River, 1, 3, 16, 19, 21, 68

  Failaka Island, 10, 95-109, 114, n8, 120, 122, 132, 141, 151, 152, 153, 248, 268; ancient Egypt and, 98-102; boats on seals, 98-100 Fao, port of, 83, 84-85, 88, 90 First Dynasty of Ur, 125, 127, 128

  Garden of Eden, 8, 117, 324 Garden of Eden Rest House, 2, 9, 11, 27> 29. 30, 34> 36, 37. 41-43, 46, 47, 51, 58, 61, 64, 67, 68, 71, 90, 283 Gatae, 26-27, 41, 47-49, 58, 59, 68

  Index

  Gherman, see Carrasco, Gherman

  Gilgamesh, King, 24, 137

  Gilgamesh epic, 263, 281

  Glob, Peter V., 25, 135, 139, 149

  Gran Canaria Museum, 276

  Great Pyramid, 25

  Greece (ancient), 18, 96, 98, 126,

  243, 271, 324, 327, 329 Guanche islanders, 276 Guatemala City, earthquake of 1976,

  74 Guff a (reed boats), 19 Gujenko, Minister, 120 Gulf Agency (Muscat), 201, 233 Gulf of Aden, 222, 311, 312, 313,

  323» 331 Gulf of Cambay, 274 Gulf of Mexico, 32, 209 Gulf of Oman, 168, 187, 194, 223,

  224, 239-40 Gurmat Ali, village of, 15 Gur (measurement), 124

  Hadibu, port of, 315, 319, 320

  Hadibu Bay, 319, 320

  Hagi Suelem, 17-18, 19-20, 21, 24,

  26, 27, 49 Halul Island, 167, 169 Ham, 149 Hama, 273

  Hammad, Sheikh, 155 Hammerhead sharks, 298-99, 300 Hansen, Captain, 253-56, 257, 264,

  283 Haras II (patrol vessel), 202 Harran, 21

  Harun Sodha, Ibrahim, 53, 55 Harvard University, 212 Hatshepsut, Queen, 323 Hebrews (ancient), 2, 117, 125, 147,

  328, 330; deluge stories, 22-24;

  shipbuilding of, 24-25 Hittites, 126, 145, 147, 150, 157. 27s Hormuz Strait, 165, 166, 168, 170,

  173, 175-81, 185-87, 193, 194, 195, 196, 197, 199, 202, 218, 238, 240, 242

  Horn of Africa, 288, 311-12, 323 "HP," see Bohn, Hans Peter "HF Humboldt Current, 292 Humphries, J., 212 Huston, Dr. C. C, 212 Huwair, village of, 19, 49, 56

  Inca Indians, 136, 144-45, 278-79 India, 97, 122, 141, 142, 195, 204, 206, 262, 284, 285, 288, 292, 322,

  325 Indian Ocean, 122, 154, 178,

  186-87, 194, 235, 264, 287, 288,

  294, 309, 313, 318, 330

  Indus River, 243, 259, 265, 281, 324

  Indus Valley, 97, 98, 122, 141, 142, 195, 222, 235, 236, 237, 238, 240, 242, 285, 287, 288, 322, 324, 336; excavations, 270-71; hieroglyphic signs of, 236; in search of Meluhha, 253-81

  Iran, 80, 82-83, 91, 108, 131, 170, 194, 200, 234, 240, 242

  Iraq, 3, 10, 12, 28, 85, 90, 91, 96, 99, 108, 167, 176, 195, 196, 236, 258, 260, 286, 336

  Isaiah (prophet), 275-76

  Islam, 280; See also Arabs; Moslems

  Israel, 130; See also Hebrews (ancient)

  Japhet, 149

  Jason (salvage tug), 253-56, 264, 283, 284

  Jazirat Chahardam, 241

  Jeffs, G. J., 215

  Jews, 1, 2, 20, 130, 328; See also Hebrews (ancient)

  Jidda Island, 155-61

  Jillabie (reed boats), 19, 24

  Johns Hopkins University, 98

  Kais (interpreter), 37, 40, 68

  Kal Farun Island, 321

  Karachi, port of, 241, 245-47, 257,

  259, 260, 263-65, 277, 281,

  282-86, 300, 334

  345

  Kassah, 20

  Khafka light buoy, 85

  Khalifa, Sheikh Abdulaziz A1-, 154,

  155, 156, 162, 163, 166 Khan, F. A., 269 Khassab, 278 Kish, 236, 273 Kon-Tiki Museum, 44, 334 Kon-Tild (priest-king), 44 Kon-Tiki (raft), 62, 130, 238, 285,

  286, 294, 300, 335 Kon-Tiki-Viracocha, 44 Koran, 148-49, 208 Kot Diji (mound), 269, 271 Kramer, S. N., 237 Kiikulcan (priest-king), 44, 330 Kurdistan, 22 Kurds, 34 Kuwait, 52, 95, 97-98, 102, 103, 106,

  113, 114, 203 Kuwait Museum, 99

  Lagash, 139, 214, 236, 273

  Lake Chad, 16, 28

  Lake Tana, 333; Ethiopian monks at,

  16 Lake Titicaca, 19, 20, 43, 44, 47 Lake Titicaca Indians, 45, 206 Lands of the Bible Today (National

  Geographic Society), 120 Larsa, Dynasty of, 121 La Venta, pyramid at, 276, 278 Lawrence, Donald B., 276 Lebanon, 122

  Limachi, Juan, Jos6 and Demetrio, 47 LI2B (station call sign), 130 Lixus, temple walls at, 145, 150 Looking for Dilmun (Bibby), 215 Lothal, port of, 272, 273, 274 Lydians (ancient), 126

  Macas people, 218

  Mackay, Ernest J. H., 275

  Madagascar, 287

  Madans of Iraq, see Marsh Arabs

  Madina, town of, 16, 17-18

  Ma-gur ("the god ship"), 123, 124,

  125, 129, 134, 143, 148, 161, 188, 192, 205, 218, 281, 287

  Mahmud Sar Ali, 156

  Makan, 9, 139, 222, 235-41, 24a, 243, 246, 252, 258, 262, 263, 274, 277, 281, 288; See also Oman

  Makan or Magan (legendary Copper Mountain), 213-18

  Makhadhi, Mohamed A1-, 333

  Malacca peninsula, 236

  Malaldya, village of, 152

  Malta, 325, 327, 330

  Manama, port of, 166

  Mannu-dannu, King, 214

  Marshall, Sir John, 265

  Marsh Arabs, 3-5, 11-19, 27, 28, 36, 47-50, 58, 62-64, 77, 88, 89, 252, 259. 334; red hair of, 18-19; women, 18

  Mashhuf (flat-bottomed longboat), 11

  Mataur, 17

  Matrah, 222

  Matug, 16

  Mauri, Carlo, 7, 53, 58, 68-71, 76, 77> 79. 81, 88, 92, 95, 103, 104, 108, 116, 118, 132, 153, 155, 160, 171, 174, 176, 181, 184, 185, 187-88, 194, 199, 202-3, 205, 206, 219, 226, 229, 234, 238, 239, 241, 244-46, 250-51, 258, 262, 283-84, 287, 291, 295, 297, 299, 301, 306, 307, 309, 313, 316. 318, 320, 337; backgroimd of, 73

  Maya Indians, 44, 74, 330

  Meluhha, city of, 9, 139, 148, 214, 235-37. 238, 240, 288, 311; See also Indus Valley

  Mesopotamia, 21, 97, 98-100, 122, 123, 126, 142, 195-97, 207, 211, 215, 216, 236, 237, 243, 258, 263, 268, 270, 271, 273, 274, 277, 279, 281, 287, 310-11, 320, 324, 326, 330, 336

  Metcalfe, Barry and Kate, 207

  Mina Qaboos, 234

  Mixtec Indians, 74

  Moayyed, Tariq A1-, 133

  Indexr />
  Mohammed (servant), 36, 40, 41, 51, 53. 54. 58, 68, 71

  Mohammed (the Prophet), 3, 206

  Mohenjo-Daro and Harappa, 97, 122, 195, 242, 275-81, 284, 324; Aryan invasion of, 265-66; construction of, 266-67; ruins of, 264-74

  Moluccas archipelago, 236

  Monsoons, 187, 207, 242

  Montan Transport (Hamburg), 34

  Morocco, 145, 276, 278

  Moses, 49

  Moslems, 1, 2, 20, 51, 148, 207, 250, 330

  Mount Ararat, 2, 22, 58, 85

  Moimtbatten, Lord, 31-33

  Muscat, port of, 187, 189, 194, 196-209, 219-24, 225, 233. 234, 237. 243. 283; See also Oman

  Muscat (tugboat), 234

  Musha Island, 335

  National Geographical Society, 30, 53, 75, 120, 223

  National Museum (Baghdad), 10

  National Museum (Pakistan), 265, 281

  Naturalis Historic (Pliny the Elder), 218

  Naval Academy (Pakistan), 265

  Nazdr Salim, Rashad, 46, 61, 68, 77, 81, 83, 108, 109, 112, 114, 115, 130, 161, 162, 166, 167, 169-72, 175. 187, 188, 191-93. 194. 201, 225-26, 251-52, 257, 258, 304, 307, 308, 316-17, 331, 337; background of, 75

  Nearchus, Admiral, 243

  Neptunus (swimming crab), 309-10, 315

  New York Times, 134

  Nile River, 8, 28, 49, 100, 102, 275, 326, 328

  Nile Valley, 21, 98, 101

  Nimrud, site of, 146

  Nimrud pyramid, 146

  Nineveh, 3, 8, 146

  Ningal temple, 237-38

  Nino Current, 292

  Nippur, city of, 139

  Nippur, Sumerian ziggurat of, 23

  Nizwa, town of, 208

  Noah, 2, 3, 22, 24, 29, 49, 58, 117, 139. 147. 148, 289; boatbuilding principles accredited to, 24

  Noah's ark, 21-22

  Norman, see Baker, Norman

  Norman, Bruce, 332-33

  Norris, see Brock, Norris

  North Yemen, 312, 333

  Olmec Indians, 74, 209, 276, 278 Oman, 166, 170, 177, 187, 189, 222,

  225, 232, 233, 259, 287, 320, 336;

  ancient mine quarries, 212-13;

  falaj of, 216-17; legendary Copper

  Mountain, 213-18; See also Muscat Oman Times, 206 Om-el-Shuekh, 17 Operation Jericho, 60 Oppenheim, A. L., 121, 122, 124 Ormara Bay, 257, 273, 284, 285 Ouragan (dock ship), 335

  "Painter" phenomenon, 292 Pakistan, 97, 114, 194, 204, 206, 287,

  292, 311, 320, 336; See also Indus

  VaUey Papyrus, 15, 16, 89, 123, 275-76 Papyrus Institute (Egypt), 59 Papyrus ships, Egyptian-type, 8 Pasni, village of, 242 Persian Gulf, 32-33, 80, 120, 121,

  166, 214, 273, 274 Persian Gulf Pilot, 95, 108 Petroglyphs, 100-1 Phoenicians, 126, 145, 157, 276, 280 Pilot fish, 305-6 Pizarro, Francisco, 44 Plato, 328

  Pliny the Elder, 218, 243, 322, 325 Polensky & Zollner, 57 Port Qaboos, 205, 206, 218, 220, 222

  347

  Prospection Oman Limited, 212-13,

  215 Punt, land of, 288-311, 323, 331; See also Somalia

  Qaboos, Sultan, 200, 203-4, *o5> 2o6>

  207, 212, 215 Qatar, 201 Quechua Indians, 43 Quetzalcoati, 44 Quma, town of, 2, 11, 16, 29, 37, 41,

  43, 50, 51. 58

  Raikes, L. R,, 271

  Rainbow runner (Elagatis bipin-

  ntUatis), 304-5 Ramon Bravo (motion picture), 73 Ramsey, Mr. (engineer), 40, 50, 51,

  68 Rao, S. R., 272-74 Ra 1 and Ra 11, 8, 9, 16, 26, 30, 33,

  44. 45, 47. 53. 62, 65, 72, 73, 74, 88, 89, 124, 130, 134, 144, 199, 239. 263, 275, 286, 287, 292, 318, 328, 333. 335

  Ras al Daud, 225-26, 233 Ras al Hadd, 222, 224, 225 Ras al Shaikh, 177, 180, 189 Rashad, see Nazir Salim, Rashad Ras Ormara, 245, 246, 247, 248, 250,

  252. 253. 256. 257, 258-59,

  262-64, 269, 270, 277 Ras Rakan, 167 Red Sea, 100, 101, 102, 194, 287,

  311-12, 313, 323, 326, 332-34,

  337 Reed boat-building (for the Tigris expedition), 28-60; dhow sailors and, 51-55. 56, 57; financial backing for, 30; jig and scaflFold, 36-37, 41-42; morale, 53; oar dimensions, 57; political problems, 32-33; sails, 30, 32, 56; South American Indians

  and, 43-45. 46. 47. 48-49. 51. 54; supplies and outfitting for the voyage, 29-30, 34-36; weight factor, 59

  Rei-marama ("moon pectoral"), 131 Rei-miro ("ship pectoral"), 131 Remoras and sea turtles, 308-10

  Safar, Dr. Fuad, 10, 96, 195

  Sahara wall paintings, 326

  Said Abdulla, Captain, 166, 167,

  169-71, 177, 181, 187, 188, 189,

  200, 201, 204 Sakara pyramid, 145 Saleman Taiyab Changda, 53, 54, 55 Salonen, Armas, 9, 123-25 Sani (guide), 265, 269 Sanskrit, 238, 266 Santorini, island of, 5, 327 Sarah (wife of Abraham), 25 Sardinia, 276 Sargon II, King, 139, 214 Saudi Arabia, 95, 133, 210 "Seafaring Merchants of Ur, The"

  (Oppenheim), 121 Seamen's Union, 52 Senkevitch, Dr. Yuri, 7, 53, 55, 58, 64,

  69. 72-73. 77-79, 81, 88, 89, 92,

  106, 116, 118, 132, 171, 176,

  188-90, 192, 200, 256, 290, 301,

  307. 308, 314, 317, 318, 322, 337;

  backgroimd of, 72 Sennacherib, King, 139 Serfs Indians, 152 Seychelles Islands, 287 Shaker al Tiu-key, 40, 41, 45, 46, 48,

  55-56. 60, 68 Sha-lan, 26 Sharks, 298-304 Shasha boats, 217 Shatt-al-Arab River, 1-2, 15, 32, 52,

  68, 70-71, 78-79. 82, 92, 108, 132,

  165 Shawar of Shabaz Qulanda, tomb at,

  280 Shem, 130, 149 Shub-ad, Queen, 128 Shuruppak (son of Ubara-Tutu), 24 Sicily, 276

  Sindbad Island, 2, 79, 91 Sir Abu Nu'air Island, 170

  Index

  Sirri Island, 169, 170-71, 188

  Slavsk (freighter), 93-94, 107, 108, 109, 112, 113, 115-16, 118, 119, 120, 121, 129, 131, 132, 264

  Smith, Major, 155-61

  Socotra Island, 312-18, 320, 321, 322

  Socrates, 328

  Sohar, city of, 207, 217

  Sohar beach, 221

  Soitzek, Detlef, 53, 58, 65, 68, 81, 82, 91, 104, 113, 118, 154, 155, i6i, 168, 169, 172, 176, 177, 181, 185, 186, 222, 227-28, 232, 234, 240, 241, 245, 246, 248, 250-51, 294,

  295, 307, 309> 314. 331. 337; background of, 73

  Solon, 328-29

  Somalia, 288

  Sotka-Koh fort, 242, 259, 264

  South Yemen, 312-13, 314, 316, 319,

  332, 333 Souza, Frank de, 223-24, 225, 240,

  311, 315

  Sri Lanka, see Ceylon

  Straits of Gibraltar, 326

  Studia Orientalia Edidit Societas Orientalis Fennica, 123

  Sumer, 3-10, 42, 85, 96, 117, 122, 137, 236, 258, 260, 266, 268, 269, 271, 275, 287, 288, 324, 325; architecture, 13; climate, 101; daily life in gulf ports, 121-22; historical records, 6; imported tomb riches, 126-29; modem debt to, 125-26; reed ships of, 123-25; seals, 123; ships and cargo, 123; temple-pyramids, 21, 195-97, 208-10, 211, 212; watercraft of, 9-11, 22; writing system, 4, 5, 8, 100, 328; See also Marsh Arabs

  Sumerian Gulf, 162

  Sumerians, The (Woolley), 125-28

  Sur, town of, 225, 233

  Surild Island, 47

  Susa, 236, 273

  Sutkagen Dor, fort of, 242, 259

  Suwadi Islands, 201-2, 209

  Suzuki, Tom, 53, 81, 89, 106, 153, 173, 188, 199, 219, 223, 228-29, 232, 239, 241, 245, 247, 250, 295-96, 304. 307. 331» 337; background of> 74

  Syria, 122, 236

  Tarada, 17

  Tawi Arja, mound at, 209, 215

  Tell Asmar, 236, 273

  Tepe Gawra, 273

  Terah, 26

  Texaco Japan (vessel), 154

  Thant, U, 33

  Thesiger, Wilfrid, 12

  Thoemwall, Leif, 233, 235

  Thomas, St., 44

  Tiahuanaco, stone statues at, 43, 150

  Tiahuanaco Museum, 47

  Tiger sharks, 300

  Tigris expedition: boat length, 89;

  . building the boat, 28-60; crew

  . members, 72-76; to Dilmim, 1
17-63; end of, 334-38; laimching, 61-67; Meluhha (Indus Valley), 253-81; from Meluhha to Punt, 282-320; naming ceremony, 61-62; number of miles sailed, 337; Omani police visit, 191-93; political problems, 80; purpose of, 119; radio contact, 198, 203, 204, 223-24, 225, 233, 234, 247, 285, 286, 311, 315; sailing outside the Gulf, 164-90; in search of the beginnings, 1-27; Sumer temple pyramids and Makan (in Oman), 191-218; towed to Bahrain, 120, 170; trapped between reefs and pirates (Arabian Gulf), 83-116; voyage to Pakistan, 219-52; voyage down Sumerian waterways, 61-83; See also ports of call

  Tigris River, 1, 27, 34, 36, 50, 52, 54, 59, 61, 68, 85, 117, 146

  Timaeus (Plato), 328-29

  Toltec Indians, 74

  Tom, see Suzuki, Tom

  349

  Totora reed boats, 47 Tower of Babel, 3, 25, 53 Triggerfish, kinds of, 305 Tukulti-Ninurta, King, 139 Turkey, 122

  Ubara-Tuti, King, 24 Umm-al-Saban Island, 155, 160 United Nations, 33, 199, 203, 205, 314, 317, 319, 322, 331, 335, 336,

  337 United World Colleges, 31, 32, 33,

  53, 75

  Universal Deluge myth, 22

  University of Pennsylvania, 23

  University of Southampton, 31, 56, 154, 162

  Unwin, Sir Stanley, 26

  Ur, city of, 2, 10, 11, 20, 21, 22, 24, 25. 47. 49, 117, 120, 121-25, 128-29, 130, 142, 143, 147, 195, 236, 237, 265, 273, 277; destruction of (2050 B.C.), 96

  Urdu language, 260, 263

  Ur-Nanshe, King, 139

  Uru Indians, 43, 44-45, 47

  Uruk, city of, 11, 195, 236

  Uruk, King of, 281

  Usakovsky, Captain Igor, 93-94, 107, 109, 112-13, 114, 115. 116, 118, 120, 131, 132, 134

  Utu-nipishtim, King, 22, 24, 25

  Utu (Simierian sun god), 23, 122

  Vikings, 11, 25, 280, 331 Vinapu, temple walls of, 150 Vinaque, pre-Inca walls at, 150 Viracocha, 44

  Wadi Abu Subeira, 101

  Wadi al Jitti, 209, 210

  Wahan, Hassan, 281

  Waldheim, Kurt, 33, 335

  Water pollution, 78-79, 199, 283, 291-92, 315, 334; "Painter" phenomenon, 292

  Wegener, Alfred L., 326

  West Coast of India Pilot, 240, 242

  Whales, 306-7

  Wheeler, Sir Mortimer, 265

  Woolley, C. Leonard, 25-26, 125-28, 214

  Young, Gavin, 12

  Yuri, see Senkevitch, Dr. Yuri Alex-androvich

  Zaima, 17

  Zeballos Miranda, Luis, 47, 48, 49,

  50, 51 Zeus (god), 126, 328 Ziggurats, 146, 150, 195 Ziusudra (priest-king), 23, 24, 137,

  147, 148, 214

  ©

  More Quality Fiction from PLUME

  D ISLANDIA by Austin Tappan Wright.

  n THE ARISTOS by John Fowles.

 

‹ Prev