You Never Forget Your First

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You Never Forget Your First Page 26

by Alexis Coe


  Custis, George Washington “Wash” Parke (step-grandson), 96, 99, 115, 123, 124, 140, 143, 144, 183, 188–89

  education of, 189

  slaves and, 203, 205

  Custis, John “Jacky” (stepson), xxxiii, 27, 30, 38, 40, 41–42, 90, 95–98, 115, 123, 144

  death of, 98

  fatherhood of, 96

  letter to Washington, 96–97

  schooling of, 42, 95, 221n

  at Yorktown, 96, 97–98

  Custis, Martha “Patsy” (step-granddaughter), 31–32, 96

  slaves and, 205

  Custis, Nelly (wife of Jack), 96–99, 235n

  Custis, Patsy (stepdaughter), xxxiii, 27, 30, 38, 40–41, 201

  death of, xxxiii, 41, 42

  epilepsy of, xxxiii, 40, 41

  Cyrus (slave), 201

  Dandridge, John, 124

  Darragh, Lydia, 228n

  Deane, Silas, 52

  Declaration of Independence, 49, 91

  Delaware River, crossing of, 60, 75–76, 225n

  Democratic-Republicans, 147, 161, 166, 167, 171, 174, 202

  Denmark, 163

  Dick, Elisha Cullen, 195, 248n

  Dinwiddie, Robert, 13, 14, 16–22, 23, 25

  diseases and illnesses:

  smallpox, xx, 12, 90–92

  tuberculosis, xx, 11, 93, 153

  of Washington, xix–xx, xxxii, xxxiii, 12, 27, 91, 131–32, 156, 193–95

  yellow fever, 239n, 242n

  donkeys, 113

  Dunbar, Erica, xxvi

  Dunmore, John Murray, Lord, 47, 87, 88, 94

  elections, see presidential elections

  Ellis, Joseph, xxxi

  Embuscade, 157

  Emery, Noemie, 213n

  England, see Britain, British

  espionage, 69, 77–78, 81–86, 226n, 228n

  executive privilege, 166

  Fairfax, George William, 13, 29, 32, 36, 37, 101, 216n

  Fairfax, Sally, 29–30, 32–33, 36–37

  Fairfax, William, 6, 10

  Fallen Timbers, Battle of, 160

  Fauchet, Antoine Joseph, 165, 166

  Fauntleroy, Elizabeth, 13

  Federalist Papers, 139

  Federalists, 146, 147, 161, 164, 172, 174, 191, 192

  in Washington’s second cabinet, 162

  Fenno, John, 146

  Ferling, John, 214n

  Ferry Farm, xxxix, 4–5, 7, 9, 10, 30

  Washington’s inheritance of, 5, 30

  Fertility and Sterility, xxxiii–xxxiv

  fireworks, 130–31

  Forbes, John, 35–37

  Ford, Paul Leicester, xxxvii

  Fort Duquesne, 23, 24, 37

  Fort Lee, 59

  Fort Necessity, 19, 35

  Fort Ticonderoga, 223n

  Fort Washington, 59

  Franklin, Benjamin, 56, 75, 83, 103, 122, 199, 238n

  Fredericksburg, Va., 94–95

  France, French, 15–20, 65, 79, 82, 101, 122, 172, 223n

  Britain’s war with, 153–56, 163–64

  French and Indian War, 19, 23–25, 30, 35–38, 51

  French Revolution, 107, 138, 147, 153–56, 171, 174

  Quasi-War, 191–92

  Randolph and, 165–66

  U.S. debt to, 138

  U.S. Neutrality Proclamation and, 153–55, 163

  U.S. treaty of alliance with, 153–54

  Fraunces, Samuel, 128

  Fraunces Tavern, 128

  Freemasons, 130, 201, 238n

  Freneau, Philip, 146

  Fugitive Slave Law, 178, 199

  Funding Act, 140

  Gage, Thomas, 56

  Gates, Horatio, 91

  Gazette of the United States, 146

  generals of the American Revolution, 56

  Genêt, Edmond-Charles, 156–57, 243n

  George II, King, 5, 14

  George III, King, 46, 63, 107

  Germantown, Battle of, 61

  Gerry, Elbridge, 103

  Gibbs, Caleb, 66

  Gist, Christopher, 16

  Gordon-Reed, Annette, xxvi, 213n, 219n

  Gradual Abolition Act, 141–42

  Graham, Pearl, 213n

  Great Britain, see Britain, British

  Greenwood, John, xxix

  Hale, Nathan, 78, 226n

  Half War, 191–92

  Hamilton, Alexander, 68, 98, 102, 119–20, 137, 146, 153, 154, 163, 191, 213n, 232n, 242n

  bank proposal of, 138–39

  in cabinet, 144–45

  Jay Treaty and, 163–64

  Jefferson and, 146, 147–49, 161, 171

  Madison and, 139

  political parties and, 147

  Randolph and, 166

  resignation of, 161, 165

  university idea and, 245n

  Washington’s letter to, 148–49

  Washington’s valedictory address and, 173

  Whiskey Rebellion and, 157–59

  Hamilton, Eliza, 242n

  Hancock, John, 51, 58, 64, 67, 91–92

  Harlem Heights, Battle of, 59

  Harrison, Benjamin, 94–95

  Heath, William, 77

  Heidler, Jeanne, 213n

  Henry, Patrick, 49

  Hercules (slave), 142–43, 175, 176, 196

  Hessian mercenaries, 58, 59, 60, 68, 72, 75, 83, 91

  historians and biographers, xxvi–xxvii

  on Mary Washington, xxxiv–xxxix

  on Washington, xxv–xxviii, xxi–xxxix

  women, xxvi–xxvii, 213n

  hoecakes, 183–85

  Honeyman, John, 82–83

  House of Representatives, U.S., 121, 123, 124, 129, 155, 166, 167, 174

  Howe, Richard “Black Dick,” 63–65, 69

  Howe, William, 56, 58, 61, 62, 63–65, 69, 141

  Humphreys, David, 130

  Indians, 15–19, 24, 35, 37, 44–46

  American Revolution and, 74–75, 135

  British and, 74, 135

  missionaries and, 136

  U.S. treaties with, 135–38, 160

  violent suppression of, 160

  Washington and, 74–75, 135–38, 160

  Industry, 12

  Injunctions of Secrecy, 117

  Intolerable Acts, 47

  Jackson, Andrew, xxxvii, 174

  Jackson, Robert, 8

  Jay, James, 77

  Jay, John, 68, 77, 103, 116–17, 137, 139, 163

  Jay Treaty, 163–66, 171, 174, 189, 244n

  Jefferson, Thomas, xxxi, xxxvii, 43, 51, 91, 94, 103, 113–14, 137, 150, 154–57, 163, 166, 171, 175, 202–3, 213n, 219n, 234n, 240n, 249n

  in cabinet, 144–45

  and criticisms of Washington, 146

  in election of 1796, 174

  Hamilton and, 146, 147–49, 161, 171

  Madison and, 146

  Martha Washington and, 202–3

  political parties and, 147

  presidential title and, 122

  resignations and extensions of, 149, 154, 161, 242n

  Washington’s correspondence with, 147–49

  Washington’s relationship with, 111, 171

  on Washington’s temper, 190

  on Whiskey Rebellion, 160–61

  Johnson, Robert, 158

  Johnson, Samuel, 50

  Judge, Andrew, 169–70

  Judge, Betty, 169–70

  Judge, Delphy, 175

  Judge, Molly, 124

  Judge, Ona (Oney), xxvi, 124, 169–71, 175–79, 196

  Jumonville, Joseph Coulon de, 18–19, 174 />
  Kip’s Bay, Battle of, 58

  Kitt, Frederick, 170

  Knox, Henry, 65, 67, 96, 118, 122, 136–38, 154, 159, 160

  in cabinet, 144–45

  resignation of, 161, 164

  Knox, Lucy, 67

  Lafayette, Adrienne de, 115

  Lafayette, Anastasie, 115

  Lafayette, Georges Washington, xxxiii, 155

  Lafayette, Gilbert du Motier, Marquis de, xxxiii, 75, 79, 82, 88, 94, 98, 115–16, 138, 155

  Lafayette, James Armistead, 79

  La Péronie, William, 29

  Latrobe, Benjamin, 155

  Laurens, Henry, 103

  Laurens, John, 98, 232n

  Law, Betsy, 169, 175

  Law, Thomas, 169

  Lear, Fanny Bassett Washington (niece of Martha), 113, 118, 120, 140, 153, 206

  Lear, Tobias, 115, 128, 140–44, 170, 175, 189

  marriage of, 169

  and Washington’s final illness and death, 193–95, 198–200

  Lee, Billy, 92–93, 101, 103, 118, 194, 297–98

  forced retirement of, 125

  Lee, Charles (attorney general), 162

  Lee, Charles (general), 51, 62

  Lee, Frank, 92

  Lee, Henry, 202

  Lee, John, 92

  Lee, Margaret “Peggy,” 125

  Lee, Mary (widow of John), 92

  Lee, Mary Anna Randolph Custis (daughter of “Wash” Custis), 203

  Lee, Richard Henry, 115

  Leutze, Emanuel Gottlieb, 75–76

  Lewis, Betty Washington (sister), xxxix, 4, 5, 9, 93–95, 124, 131, 132

  Lewis, Charles (nephew), 93

  Lewis, Fielding, 9, 93

  Lewis, Francis Parke, 193

  Lewis, George (nephew), xxxviii

  Lewis, Jan, 213n

  Lewis, Lawrence (nephew), 44

  Lewis, Robert (nephew), 124, 127

  Life of George Washington, The (Weems), xxx

  Lincoln, Abraham, 75

  Little, Shelby, xxxvii

  Livingston, Robert R., 130

  Livingston, William, 73

  Long Island, Battle of, 58, 80, 227n

  Louis VI, King, 19

  Louis XVI, King, 153

  Maccubin, Martha Rolle, 104

  Maclay, William, 135–37

  Madison, James, xxxi, 51, 117, 120, 130, 139, 145, 150, 155–57, 161, 175, 194

  Hamilton and, 139

  Jay Treaty and, 164, 166, 244n

  Jefferson and, 146

  political parties and, 147

  retirement contemplated by, 166

  War of 1812 and, 244n

  Washington’s relationship with, 111

  Washington’s valedictory address and, 173

  Malone, Dumas, 240n

  Marshall, John, 204, 249n

  Martin, William, 68

  Maryland, 21, 24

  Masons, 130, 201, 238n

  Massachusetts, 24

  McHenry, James, 103, 188, 192, 233n

  in cabinet, 162

  Mercer, George, 29

  Mifflin, Thomas, 103, 107, 126, 158–59

  Mississippi Land Company, 44

  Mitchell, John, 161

  Molly (slave), 194

  money and currency, 139, 150, 211

  counterfeit, 78

  U.S. dollars, 114

  Monmouth, Battle, 62

  Monongahela, Battle of, 24–25, 35

  Monroe, James, 76, 160–61, 171, 172, 194, 225n

  Paine and, 172

  A View of the Conduct of the Executive, in the Foreign Affairs of the United States, 189–91

  Washington’s relationship with, 111

  Monticello, 94, 149

  Morison, Samuel Eliot, xxxvii

  Morris, Gouverneur, 119, 120

  Morris, Robert, 78, 141, 144, 171, 192

  Moses the Son, 24

  Mount Airy, 87–88

  Mount Vernon, xxi–xxii, 4–7, 9, 13, 28, 30, 32, 38, 40, 42–44, 46, 66, 87–90, 98–99, 101, 103, 113–20, 140, 149, 169–71, 187–88, 191, 199, 202–4

  mules, xxii, 113–14

  Napoleon, 107, 213n

  National Gazette, 146, 156

  Native Americans, see Indians

  Naturalization Act, 150

  Naval Act, 154

  Neutrality Proclamation, 153–55, 163

  Never Caught: The Washingtons’ Relentless Pursuit of Their Runaway Slave, Ona Judge (Dunbar), xxvi

  Neville, John, 158

  New Jersey, 83, 126

  New Jersey Journal, 73

  newspapers, 146, 149

  New Statesman, xxxv

  New York City, 103, 126–27, 133, 140

  Great Fire of 1776, 226n

  president’s mansion in, 127–28

  New York Royal Gazette, 80

  Niles, Blair, 213n

  Noailles, Philippe de, 115

  Orme, Robert, xxxv

  Otis, Samuel, 129–30

  Paine, Thomas, 171–72

  Common Sense, 172

  Washington’s relationship with, 111, 171–72

  Palmer, Abigail, 71–72, 73

  Palmer, Edmund, 71–72, 73

  Paris, Treaty of, 103, 117

  Parliament, 44–48, 50, 63–65, 137, 146

  partisanship, 146, 149, 174

  Paterson, James, 67

  Peale, Charles Willson, 39

  Pennsylvania, 21, 24

  Perrins, Susannah, 232n

  Peters, John, 225n

  Philadelphia, Pa., 140, 141, 143

  black community in, 170

  Philadelphia Gazette and Universal Daily Advertiser, 170

  Phillips, Mary, 71

  Pickering, Timothy, 162, 164–65, 167

  Pinckney, Charles C., 191

  “plantations,” use of word, 43

  political parties, 147

  Democratic-Republicans, 147, 161, 166, 167, 174, 202

  Federalists, 146, 147, 161, 162, 164, 172, 174, 191, 192

  partisanship and, 146, 149, 174

  in Washington’s cabinets, 162, 167

  Potomac River, 88, 140

  Powel, Elizabeth, 113, 119, 149–50, 175, 188, 242n

  Powel, Samuel, 119, 242n

  presidential elections, 147

  Adams’s election in, 174, 176

  of 1788–1789, 121

  of 1792, 151

  of 1796, 174, 176

  of 1800, 192

  Washington’s election in, 110, 119–20, 121–22

  Washington’s reelection in, 151

  presidential term limits, 172

  Presidents’ Day, xxxii

  Princeton, Battle of, 60

  prisoners, 67–69, 224n

  Provisional Army, 191

  Pulitzer Prize, xxxii, xxxv

  Quakers, 24

  Quarles, Benjamin, 79

  Quasi-War, 191–92

  Rall, Johann, 83

  Randolph, Benjamin, 91, 92

  Randolph, Edmund, 141–42, 144, 155, 165

  in cabinet, 144–45, 162

  France and, 165–66

  resignation of, 165–66

  Vindication, 166

  Randolph, Peyton, 49

  rape, 71–73

  Rawdon-Hastings, Francis, 72

  Rawlins, George, 194–95

  Reed, Joseph, 65, 74

  religion:

  Bible, xxxvii, xxxviii, 126, 129–30

  separation of church and state, 147

  Washington’s views on, xiv, 130, 132–33

  Residence
Act, 140

  Revere, Paul, 238n

  Richmond, Va., 94

  Richmond (son of Hercules), 175

  Rivington, James, 227n

  Robert Cary & Company, 33, 42–43

  Rogers, Robert, 226n

  Roosevelt, Franklin Delano, 172

  Rules of Civility & Decent Behaviour in Company and Conversation, 6–7, 21

  Rush, Benjamin, 49, 73

  Russo-Turkish War, 51

  Savage, HMS, 88, 89

  Saxton, Jared, 73

  Saxton, Martha, 237n

  Scharff, Virginia, 213n

  Senate, U.S., 121, 123, 124, 129, 135–37, 164, 166

  separation of church and state, 147

  Serle, Ambrose, 65

  sexual assault, 71–73

  Shaw, John, 18, 68

  Sheels, Austin, 124

  Sheels, Christopher, 124, 194

  Shenandoah Valley, 10

  Simpson, Gilbert, 114

  slaves, slavery, 50, 73–74, 79, 139, 199

  British and, 50, 74, 79, 88, 89

  colonists’ oppression as slavery, 50

  emancipation of, 178, 199

  emancipation in Virginia, 79, 88, 178, 199

  Fugitive Slave Law and, 178, 199

  Gradual Abolition Act and, 141–42

  living quarters of, 45

  Martha Washington’s freeing of, 204

  Mary Washington and, 94, 133

  in New York, 127

  “Wash” Custis and, 203

  of Washington, graves of, 206

  Washington and, xxvi, xxix, 12, 29, 43–45, 50, 74, 88, 89, 92–93, 115, 118–19, 124, 125, 141–43, 169–71, 175–79, 196–99

  Washington family’s separation of families, 133, 204, 205

  Washington’s pursuit of runaways, xxvi, 170–71, 175–76, 196

  Washington’s selling of, 177–78

  Washington’s will and, 196–99, 203–4

  smallpox, xx, 12, 90–92

  Smith, John Cotton, 202, 249n

  Somerset v. Stewart, 50

  Spain, 65, 113–14, 156

  Sparks, Jared, 249n

  spying, 69, 77–78, 81–86, 226n, 228n

  Stamp Act, 46

  Stanton, Elizabeth Cady, xxxvii

  Stanton, Lucia Cinder, 213n

  states’ rights, 147

  Steuben, Friedrich Wilhelm von, 104

  Stiles, T. J., xxxv

  Strong, Anna, 80

  Stuart, David, 235n

  Stuart, Gilbert, xxviii

  Stuart, Nelly Custis, 96–99, 235n

  Success, 11

  Sullivan, John, 75

  Supreme Court, U.S., 150, 163, 204

  Sweden, 163

  Swift, 177

  Tallmadge, Benjamin, 78–82, 85, 227n

  Tallmadge, William, 227n

  Tanacharison (the “Half-King”), 15–18

  taxes:

  on tea, 47

  on whiskey, 157–58, 243n

  tea, 47

  Tecumseh, 160

  Thomas Jefferson and Sally Hemings: An American Controversy (Gordon-Reed), xxvi

 

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