Watt, J, Freeman, E J, & Bynum, W F (eds), Starving Sailors: The Influence of Nutrition upon Naval and Maritime History (London 1984).
White, David, The Anatomy of the Ship: The Frigate Diana (London 1987).
Web Sites
http://www.jmr.nmm.ac.uk (downloaded 5 February 2003).
http://www.kittybrewster.com/ancestry/George_Duff_Letter_20.htm (downloaded 6 September 2003).
http://www3.teleplex.net/timonier/speaks/book12.html
www.gourmetsleuth.com/conversions.htm
http://www.nal.usda.gov/fnic/foodcomp/Data/Other/ada2002_hg72.pdf
INDEX
_____
Warships are listed under the heading ‘Warships’: all are British Royal Navy unless otherwise indicated.
A
acorns 87
Agriculture, Board of 16
Admiralty, Board of passim agent victualler 56–60
agent victualler afloat 65–70
albatrosses 30, 94
alcoholism 152
Alldridge, Thomas 63, 89
alligator 39
almonds 167
American Navy food 140–3
American War of Independence 11, 61
Anderson, Dr 165
Anson, Admiral George 155
antiscorbutics 12, 42, 103, 155–66
ants 99
Appert, Nicolas 171
army food 11
arrack 42
arrowroot 167
Argentinian Navy food 148
Atkinson, Christopher 49
B
bacon 9
bacteria 22
bakers 54, 134
ballast 79
Baird, Dr Andrew 160
Banks, Sir Joseph 84, 165, 171
‘Banyan days’ 32, 115
‘bargemen’ 98
barley 16, 35, 167
‘batterie de cuisine’ 133
beans 34
beef
corned 19
fresh 25
heifer 27
salt 9, 18, 185
shin of 22, 154
beer 9, 40, 56, 76
Bentham, General Samuel 84
bilge 79, 80
Bills of Exchange 60, 93, 181–3
biscuit, ships 9, 15–18, 184
Blane, Sir Gilbert 153, 159
blood 90
Bogle, French & Co 52
bones 55
bonito 39
Booth, Richard 63, 64
Boudriot, Jean 145
Boyle, Robert 29
brandy 41, 42
brawn 12
bread 15–18
bread bags 60, 98
bread barge 98
bread making 16
bread oven 54
bread room 18
Brest blockade 13, 160
brewers 40, 56
brewers’ grains 20
brewing 40, 56
brine 22, 78, 186
Britanniaware 124
broad arrow, the 16
Brodie stove 105, 133
Bromley, Richard 63, 64
Brown, Nicholas 65
buckwheat 16
bullocks 25–8
bumbo 42
bumboats 94, 118
burgoo 34, 191
Burke, Walter 42
butchers 21, 55, 91
butter 9, 29–33, 57
Byrne, Commodore John 165
C
cabbages 36
cakes 129
calavances 34
calories 10, 177–8
calves 27
candles 94
canellini beans 34
canning 9, 10, 29, 167, 171–2
captains’ orders 75, 100, 103
Carlin pea 33
carrots 38
Carrs (biscuit makers) 129
casks 54, 174
shaking of 80
cattle 25–8
Charnier, Frederic 126
champagne 132
cheese 9, 29–33, 57, 125
cheese worms 31
chestnuts 16
chickens 29
chick peas 34
Chilean Navy food 148
chutney 128
cider 141
citrus fruit 155, 157, 172
claret 141
coal 78, 93, 105
Cochrane, the Hon. Basil 51, 62, 73
Cochrane, Thomas, 10th
Earl Dundonald 51, 134
cockerels 88
cockroaches 94, 98, 99
cocoa 43, 167
coconut 165
cod 9
coffee 132
collard greens 37
Collingwood, Rear-Admiral
Cuthbert 70, 125
commanders-in-chiefs’ orders 72
complaints/ing 14
confit de canardld’oie 29
congee 36
contractors 13, 19, 46, 52, 62
cooking 104–17, 133
Cook, James 157
cook
mess 100–14
officers’ 127
professional 127, 132, 133
ships’ 104, 113
Cookworthy, Mrs 154
coopers 54, 82
coops (hen) 88
coppers 105–06
Cornwallis, Admiral Sir William 25
corruption 49
Cortes, Hernando 44
cows 129, 168
Crawford, Abraham 126, 135
crockery 110, 123
‘crow’s foot’, the see under ‘broad arrow’, the
Cruikshank, George 110
curry 36, 135
cutlery 110, 124
Cutforth, James 66
D
Davidson, Alexander 128
Delftware 123
Dening, Greg 120
Deptford 17, 56
‘dholl’ (dal/dhal) 34
Digby, Admiral 135
Dillon, William 25, 39, 40, 99, 125
dinners, formal 138
dolphins 39
Donkin & Hall 171
dough 17
draught 79
Druce, Mr 50
Drury, Rear-Admiral
William 165
Dubois, Mrs 154
ducks 29
duff 102, 189
Duff, George 39
Dutch Navy food 143–5
dysentery 155, 165
E
East Anglia 34
East Indies 34, 50
East India Company 52, 53
Edlin, A134
eggs 35, 88
Elliott, Hugh 127
Elliott, William 127
Eton, William 23–5
excise duty 41
exchange rates 60, 93
export duties/restrictions 68
extra petty warrant 58
F
fenalår 29
fiddle 123
fire hearth 105
fish 9, 38, 78; see also under individual species
fishing 38
Fitzgerald, William 63, 64
flip 42
flour 18
adulteration of 16
flummery 166
fodder 27, 90
food for the sick 166–8
Ford, Richard 66–70, 119, 122–3
Ford, Susannah 69
Fordyce, Alexander
Dingwall 123
fraud 49, 50, 65
French beans 34
French Navy food 145–8
Frere, John Hookham 68
fruit 35, 86, 118, 131, 155;
see also under individual species
frumenty 35
frying 105
Funk, Casimir 166
G
Galen 156
galley 11, 108, 134
game 130
gammon 19
Gardner, James Anthony 34
garlic 167
Gayner, Edward 67–9
geese 29
Genevois, Duke of 164
Geoghegan, Joh
n 66, 69, 122
ghee 32
Gillespie, Leonard 138
ginger 128, 167
gingerbread 16
Glascock, WN 90, 127
Glasse, Hannah 116, 135, 167
glass jars 29
glasses 123
gluten 16
goats 19, 87, 130, 168
Grant, Samuel 95–6
grapes 36, 164, 168
gravy 17, 123
green peas 33
greens 36, 37
Griffiths, Anselm 109
grilling 105
grocers 128
grog 42, 103
Gulivar, John 135
gunroom 122
H
hake 9
Hall, Basil 18, 30, 39, 130
ham 19
Hardy, Thomas Masterman 35
Hartshorne brewery 56
haslet 12
hay 27, 89
Hay, ‘Landsman’ 40
Heatley, David 65, 66
‘heritage’ plants 38
hides 55, 91
Higgins, Joseph Blake 50
Hindostan (transport ship) 61, 62, 66, 68
Hippocrates 156
hogs 19
holds 82–4
Hoste, William 132
Howe, Richard, 1st Earl 117
hoytakers 46
humours, the four 28, 156
Huntley & Palmer 129
I
imprest accounts 73, 183
incompetence 49
inflation 48
insanity 152
issuing food 100–03
J
Jacobs (biscuit makers) 129
jam 129
James, Admiral Batholomew 131
James, John 27
‘Jemmy Ducks’ 130
K
kale 37
Kane, Elisha Kent 97
Keats, Sir Richard Goodwin 26
Keith, Admiral Lord 44, 65, 151–2, 162–3
killing season 20
‘kishmish’ 36
L
ladies 139
lamb 28
Lamb & Nicholson stove 108, 133
Landsmen’s diet 11
leaven 17, 134
leeks 37
lemon ‘pepper’ 162, 196
lemons 36, 156–7
juice 42, 103, 160–2, 167
lentils 34
Liardet, Francis 89
lime juice 103, 163
Lind, James 155–9
livestock 86–90
lobscouse 190
logbooks 26, 72, 115, 164
Lovell, William Stanhope 130, 135
Loyal Toast, the 137
M
macaroni 138
macaroons 197
mace 167
MacNeill, Archibald 26
madeira (wine) 131
Magellan, Ferdinand 12, 97
maggots 98
maize 16
malaria 85
malt 156
manger 88
Mangin, Edward 122
Mark, William 39, 47
Marsden, William 68
Marsh & Creed 66
Masefield, John 12, 97
master (ship’s) 75–7
McBride, David 156, 157
mealtimes 112, 121, 138
measures 174
meat
fresh 26, 102
salt 9
See also under individual types
merchant navy 12
merchant seamen 12
mess 100, 109
mess cook 100, 111–12
mess kids 101
mess tables 110
messers 21
officers’ 121
mice 96, 126
Middleton, Charles 13, 47
midshipmen 125–6, 129
miscounts 76
milk 27, 43, 87, 129, 166, 168
molasses 16, 34
money 175
monopolies 53
mouflon 28
Mure, Son & Atkinson 158
musters 92
mutiny 13, 94, 170
mutton 28, 154, 166
N
Nastyface, Jack 91, 112
Navy Board 47, 59, 105, 106
necessary money/necessaries 60, 94, 105
Nelson, Horatio passim nets, cooking 101, 113–14
New England boiled dinner 19
night blindness 153
nopal 165–6
nutmeg 128, 167
nuts 118
O
oatmeal 9, 34
oats 16
offal 22, 55, 130, 154
officers
messes 121
servants 127
stores 127–8
oil 32
onions 36, 103, 119, 157, 163
opuntia see nopal
oranges 36, 156–7
Otway, William 23
ovens 105, 134
P
Parker, Admiral Sir Hyde 129
Parker, William 89, 119
Parkinson, C Northcote 51
Parliament 46, 49
Pasley, Thomas 19, 43, 87, 132, 158
pastrami 19
pastry 134
pay 48, 92
pea flour 16
pease 9, 33, 187
Peckston, Thomas 122, 123
Pellew, Admiral Sir Edward 27, 51, 63, 112, 132, 135
pens, sheep 87
pepper 128
Pepys, Samuel 9
Peruvian bark 86
petit salé 19
pewter 111, 123
pickles 119, 128
Pigafetta, Antonio 12, 97
pigs 20, 87, 130
pilferage 76
plague 96
plates 110–11
Plymouth 17, 56
porcelain 124
pork 9, 18, 186
porridge 34, 103, 108, 191
portable soup 153, 167, 192
porter (beer) 56, 131
Porter, David 40
Portsmouth 17, 56, 58
Portuguese Navy food 149
port wine 122, 131
potatoes 16, 38
Potter, Christopher 49
poultry 29, 87, 119, 130;
see also under individual species
‘Jemmy Ducks’ 130
precedence 137
price fixing 53
pricking for meat 102
Pringle, Sir John 156
pudding bags 18, 101
pudding, black 11, 56
pudding, white 11, 56
puddings 111, 125, 135
Puget, Peter 166
pumpkins 37
seeds 37
punch 42, 132, 194
pursers 13, 62, 63, 91–6
purser’s pound 14
‘purser’s nuts’ 17
Q
quality 13, 77
quinine 86
R
rabbits 130
Raigersfeld, Jeffrey Baron de 35, 39, 125, 130
Rainier, Admiral Peter 51, 131, 132, 135
rainwater 43
raisins 18
rancidity 31, 104
randers 21
ratcatchers 46
rats 96, 97
Regulations, the 9, 18, 36, 71–94, 100, 101, 103, 160, 166
rice 18, 35, 167
Richardson, Robert 84
Ridge, Thomas 49
Rodney, Sir George 159
rum 11, 42
Rundell & Bridge 124
Ruyter, Admiral de 145
rye flour 16
S
sago 167
salad 157
salt 16
salting 21–2
saltpetre 22
sauerkraut 157, 187
Saumarez, Admiral James de 129
Saunders, Mary 129
sausages 56, 118
savings of provisions 94
Schweppe, Mr 134
‘Scotch coffee’ 44
scurvy 25, 154–66, 172
scuttle butt 43
sea pie 135, 190
sea provisions 58
‘seven-bell’ men 113, 114
shallots 167
shark 39
sheep 28, 87, 130, 166
sherbet 103
sherry 122, 131
short allowance 94
sickbay 109, 166
sick, the 28, 166–8
Sick and Hurt Board/Sick and Wounded Board 45, 160
sinecures 47
silver dishes 124, 127
slaughter houses 25
slaughtering 90
slaughterman 55
slop clothing 93
‘slush’ 104, 113
small beer 40, 56
Smith, Robert 142
Smith, Sir Sidney 170
Smollett, Tobias 16, 97
smuggling 41
Snipe, Dr John 86, 155, 162, 164
Solly & Gibson 64
Somerset House 46
sorrel 159
soup 17, 115, 125, 188
sourdough 17
‘sowins’ 166
Spanish Navy food 148
Spencer, George John, 2nd Earl 170
Spencer-Stanhope, Walter 125
Spencer-Stanhope, William 125
spices 128
spirits 43, 76
Spithead 13
spit (roasting) 105, 134
‘square meal’, a 111
squash 37
starting water 82
steep tub 104
stewards 92, 100–02, 127, 132
storage 56
storekeepers 46
stout 141
stowage 75–86
Ships Taken Up From Trade (STUFT) 61
St Vincent, John, 1st Earl 23, 43, 91, 115–16, 128, 129, 132, 161, 162
substitutions 18, 28, 32, 34, 35, 176
suet 18, 104
sugar 9, 35
sultanas 36
surety 92
surgeons 166–8
surgeons’ necessaries 167
surveys 77, 94
swede 16
sweetmeats 129
syllabub 196
T
table money 57, 145
tables 123
tableware 123–4
tallow 55, 91, 104
tamarinds 167
tea 43, 132, 167
tenders 52
theft 41
Thomas Coutts & Co 96
toasts 137–8
tobacco 92, 104
tongues 55, 121
tormentor, a 102
tortoise 40
Tower Hill 45
Towry, Commissioner 66
tradesmen 54, 57
Transport Board 45, 61, 62, 161
transports ships 60
trawling 39
Trevithick, Richard 84
trim, of a ship 79
tripe 56, 126
Trotter, Dr Thomas 42, 158, 160
Feeding Nelson's Navy Page 28