Mastering Modern World History
Page 118
Tamil Tigers 262–3
Tanganyika 543
Tanganyika African National Union (TANU) 543
Tanzania 264, 543, 571–4
poverty in 571–2
tariffs 39
Taylor, A.J.P. 76, 85–6, 368
Taylor, Charles 594–5
Tea Party Movement 524, 660
Tekere, Edgar 598
Tennessee Valley Authority (TVA) 471, 496
Terreblanche, Eugene 590
terrorism, definition of 261–2
global 257–70
Thailand 158, 643
Thatcher, Margaret 125, 162, 199
‘thaw’, the 133–5
Third World, the 120, 146, 178–9, 182, 197, 261, 638–44, 667–71
economic split in 643–4
non-alignment of 638
population growth in 667–70
poverty of 638–43
Three Mile Island 646
Tiananmen Square 439–41
‘tiger’ economies 643
Tirpitz, Admiral von 13, 17
Tito, Marshal Josip Broz 203
Togo 553
Tolbert, William 594
Tooze, Adam 86, 331
Toure, Sékou 553
Transjordan see Jordan
treaties
Amsterdam (1997) 217
Austrian State (1955) 134
Berlin (1926) 59
Brest-Litovsk (1918) 33, 360–1
Brussels (1948) 193
Bucharest (1913) 10
Geneva Agreement (1954) 151, 455
INF (1987) 161–2
Lateran (1929) 301–2
Lausanne (1923) 39
Locarno (1925) 48, 53–4
London (1913) 9 (1915) 23
Maastricht (1991) 200–1
Neuilly (1919) 39
Nice (2001) 218–19
Rapallo (1920) 72 (1922) 53, 59
Riga (1921) 365
Rome (1957) 193
Saint-Germain (1919) 38
San Francisco (1951) 339
Sèvres (1920) 39
Trianon (1920) 38
Versailles (1919) 34–8
Washington (1922) 52–3
trench warfare 21–2
Trevor-Roper, Hugh 85
tribalism 563
in Burundi and Rwanda 580–2
in Nigeria 568
Trinidad and Tobago 537–9
Triple Alliance 4
Triple Entente 4
Trotsky, Leon 357–8, 365, 367, 372–4, 380
Trotter, W.M. 488
Truman, Harry S. 126, 145
social policies 502
Truman Doctrine 129
Trusteeship Council 169
Truth and Reconciliation Commission 590
Tshombe, Moise 575
tsunami, the 181
Tsvangirai, Morgan 599–601
Tubman, William 594
Tucker, Robert C. 366, 369
Tudjman, Franjo 212–13
Tukhachevsky, Marshal Mikhail 380
Tunisia 282, 283–4
Turkey 8–10, 19, 20, 22–3, 27–8, 30, 313, 39, 46, 173, 192, 225, 540–1
Tutu, Archbishop Desmond 590
U-2 spy plane 135, 513
Uganda 543, 680
Ukraine 95–6, 112, 360–1, 382, 405
UNESCO 179
UNICEF 179–80
Union of South American Nations (UNASUR) 631
Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR) see Russia
UNITA (Angola) 577–9
United Arab Republic 227
United Nations Conference on Trade and Development (UNCTAD) 180
United Nations Organization (UNO) 126, 167–85, 611
compared with League of Nations 170–1
and Iraq 270–3
nationalist movements and 534
peacekeeping 171–7, 214–15, 603
and South Africa 169
weaknesses of 171, 181–4
United Nations Population Commission 673–4
United States of America (USA)
and Africa 159
and China 142–6, 162–3, 514
civil rights campaigns 486–9, 505–11
Civil War 469
constitution and political parties 470–4
becomes economic leader of the world 469, 477–9, 501, 636
economic model 652–4
and First World War 18, 26, 27, 29–31, 469
immigration 469, 474–7
foreign policies between the wars 51, 66–7
and Germany 32–8
internal affairs between the wars 478–98
internal affairs since 1945 501–26, 637
and Korea 143–6, 449–53
and Japan 52–3, 338–40
and Laos 158, 463
and Latin America 147–9, 155–7, 260–1, 515, 608–31
and League of Nations 41, 46, 56, 66–7
McCarthyism 145–6, 511–13
and the peace settlement 32–3, 38, 41
poverty and social policies 469, 479–80, 501, 502–5, 521
and Russia 122–41, 161–2, 365
and the UN 170, 260–1
and Second World War 89, 96–100, 102–11, 119
socialism in 481–6
and Vietnam 151–5, 456–7
and war on terror 258–9, 265–82, 521
and world economic crisis (1929–33) 469–70, 489–93
world policies of since 1945 260–82, 514, 517, 524, 608–31, 650
and the 2008 financial crash 654–60, 664–5
Uniting for Peace resolution (UN) 171, 172
Upper Volta 553
USSR see Russia
U Thant 171, 575
Vanderbilt, Cornelius 477
Vargas, Getulio 612
Venezuela 608, 612, 614–15, 622–4
Versailles Settlement 32–41
Verwoerd, Dr Henrik 584, 587
Victor Emmanuel III, King of Italy 298
Vietcong 152–4
Vietminh 150, 151
Vietnam 455–7
divided 151, 455
independence, struggle for 149–51, 454–5
war 1961–75 149–55
Virgin Lands Scheme (Khrushchev) 398–9
Vorster, B.J. 587
Wagner Act (USA, 1935) 495
Wałęsa, Lech 209
Wallace, Henry 494–5
Wall Street Crash 55, 314, 489–91
Wang Hui, Professor 445
war deaths
First World War 30–1
Second World War 113–16
war debts (to USA) 67
Warlord era (China) 420, 422–3
Warsaw Pact 203
Washington, Booker T. 488
Washington Conferences (1921–2) 52–3
Washington, George 473
Watergate 514
weapons of mass destruction (WMD) 271–3
Weimar Republic see Germany
Wen Jiabao 442, 444
West Africa, independence in 542–3
West Indies 537–9
West Irian 171, 554
Whitewater Scandal 520
WikiLeaks 630
Wilhelm II, Kaiser 13–16
Wilson, Harold 547
Wilson, Woodrow 26, 28, 31, 33, 43, 484
his Fourteen Points 32
Works Progress Administration (USA, 1935) 495
World Bank 612, 622
World Disarmament Conference (1932–3) 49, 55
world economic crisis (1929–33) 48, 55, 489–93
causes 490–2
effects 491–2
world economy
changes since 1900 635–8
capitalism v. communism 636–7
North–South divide 638–43
effects on environment 644–52
at the millennium 652–4
in crisis from 2008 654–61
causes of the crisis 656–9
in 2012 661–5
Wor
ld Health Organization (WHO) 178–9, 681
World Trade Centre 257, 265–6
World Trade Organization 648, 653
Xi Jinping 446
Xoxe, Kose 204
Yakovlev, Alexander 394
Yalta Conference (1945) 125–6
Yeltsin, Boris 396, 404–7
Yemen 282
Yom Kippur War (1973) 236–7
Young Plan (1929) 54, 313
Yuan Shih-kai 421–2
Yugoslavia 7
formation of 61, 212
between the wars 61
under Marshal Tito 129, 203–4
break-up and civil war in 164–5, 213–17
Zaire see Congo
Zambia 546, 602
ZANU 548, 597
ZANU-PF 548, 597–601
Zapatista uprising (Mexico, 1994) 617–18
ZAPU 548, 597
Zelaya, José Santos 620–1
Zenawi, Meles 592–3
Zhao Ziyang 438, 439
Zhivkov, Todor 211
Zhou Enlai 427–9
Zimbabwe see also Southern Rhodesia 549, 587, 597–601, 680
Zinoviev, Grigori 367, 373–4, 380
Zionism 230
Zuma, Jacob 591
Zyuganov, Gennady 412–13, 415, 417–18