16. Eric Jay Dolin, When America First Met China (New York, 2012), 69–70.
17. As quoted in Dolin, When America First Met China, 89; John Pomfret, The Beautiful Country and the Middle Kingdom: America and China, 1776 to the Present (New York, 2016), 10–11.
18. Pomfret, The Beautiful Country, 10.
19. Fred Lewis Pattee, The Poems of Philip Freneau: Poet of the American Revolution (Princeton, 1902), vol. 2, 261–2.
20. Shaw, Journals, 69.
21. Ibid., 100, 105.
22. Ibid., 231, 305.
23. Ibid., 231.
24. Ibid., 166, 181, 183.
25. Ibid., 228–9; Pomfret, Beautiful Country, 10–11, 18–19.
26. Pomfret, Beautiful Country, 19–20.
27. Michael B. Oren, Power, Faith, and Fantasy: America in the Middle East, 1776 to the Present (New York, 2011), 21.
28. Frank Lambert, The Barbary Wars (New York, 2005), 50–2.
29. James Cathcart, The Captives (La Porte, 1899), 3–6.
30. Ibid., 27–8.
31. Oren, Power, Faith, and Fantasy, 18.
32. Ibid., 35.
33. Lambert, Barbary Wars, 92–3.
34. Shaw, Iournals, 123–7.
35. Macartney, An Embassy to China, 165.
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