88. Martha had died: Malone, Jefferson the Virginian, 396.
89. “confined himself from the world”: A. A. Smith, Journal and Correspondence of Miss Adams, II, 45.
90. “rode out”: Randolph, Domestic Life of Thomas Jefferson, 63.
91. 90,000 bricks: Malone, Jefferson the Virginian, 287.
92. “You will find”: Ibid., 296.
93. “so excessive”: Boyd, ed., PTJ, III, 643.
94. Captain Jack Jouett: See Malone, Jefferson the Virginian, 355-58.
95. “I ordered a carriage”: Mayo, ed. Jefferson Himself, 104.
96.thirty slaves: Ibid., 105.
97. George Nicholas called: Malone, Jefferson the Virginian, 361.
98. “a wound in my spirit”: Boyd, ed., PTJ, VI, 185.
99. “[I] have retired”: Ibid., 118.
100. “stupor of mind”: Ibid., 235.
101. “venom”: Ibid., 235.
102. He hates Franklin: Ibid., 241.
103. “Jefferson is an excellent hand”: JA to Elbridge Gerry, April 25,1785, AP, #107, MHS.
104. “You can scarcely”: Boyd, ed., PTJ, VII, 393.
105. “seasoning”: Ibid., VIII, 43.
106. he did not expect to live: AFC, V, 458.
107. “never buying anything”: Betts and Bear, eds., Family Letters of Thomas Jefferson, 43. 1
108. fifty-nine bottles of Bordeaux: Bear and Stanton, eds. Jefferson’s Memorandum Books, I, 564.
109. he turned to Adams: AFC, VI, 43.
110. “small laughing busts”: Bear and Stanton, eds., Jefferson’s Memorandum Books, I, 565. 1
111. Devoted to chess: Ellen Coolidge Correspondence, University of Virginia Special Collections.
112. “affecting sight”: A. A. Smith, Journal and Correspondence of Miss Adams, II, 25.
113. “She is a sweet girl”: Ibid., 45.
114. Lucy, had died: Ibid.
115. “an excellent man”: AFC, VI, 78.
116. “If you were to examine him”: Ford, ed., Statesman and Friend, 6.
117. “The table is covered”: AFC, VI, 47.
118. “We see but little”: Ibid., 25.
119. “I feel very loath”: Ibid., 20.
120. You must know: C. F. Adams, Letters of Mrs. Adams, II, 78.
121. a Te Deum was sung: D. G. Allen, ed., DJQA, I, 242.
122. There are perhaps: Ibid., 239.
123. My father: Ibid., 256.
124. Elbridge Gerry: AFC, VI, 109.
125. “I shall find”: Ibid., 111.
126. He said that Lord Carmarthen: DJA, III, 176.
127. “I have not one”: Ibid.
128. “and such shall I live”: MHS, Warren-Adams Letters, II, 40.
129. “great thing”: DJA, III, 176.
130. “We journeyed”: Boyd, ed., PTJ, VIII, 178.
131. “our meditation”: Ibid., 160.
132. The whole commerce: Peden, ed., Thomas Jefferson: Notes on the State of Virginia, 162, 139, 141, 143.
133. “The departure”: Boyd, ed., PTJ, VI, 164.
7. LONDON
1. the greatest talker: JA to John Langdon, February 28, 1812, AP, #118, MHS.
2. If at times: JA to Elbridge Gerry, May 2, 1785, AP, #364, MHS.
3. as instructed: May 27, 1785, AP, #111, MHS.
4. audience with the King: JA to John Jay, May 29, 1785, AP, #111, MHS.
5. a brief speech before the King: Works, VIII, 255.
6. “I felt more”: Ibid., 257.
7 The circumstances: Ibid., 257.
8. I retreated: Ibid., 258.
9. “character”: AFC, VI, 17.
10. “I cannot bear”: Ibid., 187.
11. Handel’s Messiah: Ibid., 329.
12. “elegant but plain”: Ibid., 189.
13. “A very dress cap”: C. F. Adams, Letters of Mrs. Adams, II, 101.
14 “Thus equipped”: Ibid.
15. “master of the human heart”: AFC, VI, 313.
16. Only think of the task: Ibid., 102-4.
17. “well shaped”: C. F. Adams, Letters of Mrs. Adams, II, 104.
18. northeast corner: Memorandum of JA’s rental agreement for the house on Grosvenor Square, AP, June 19, 1785, MHS.
19. “We shall live”: AFC, VI, 205.
20. “tumult and hurry”: Smollett, Humphrey Clinker, 88.
21. “sacrificed upon the gallows”: Ibid., 329.
22. Royal Bell Ringers: June 1785, AP, #364, MHS.
23. “learned pig”: AFC, VI, 331.
24. “enchanted palace”: Smollett, Humphrey Clinker, 92.
25. Sir William Herschel: A. A. Smith, Journal and Correspondence of Miss Adams, I, 84.
26. “The English may call”: AFC, VI, 213.
27. “not the pleasantest”: Ibid., 347.
28. “tasty”: Ibid., xiii.
29. “candor, probity”: Ibid., xiv. 344 “a good likeness”: Ibid., 216.
30. cut Adams’s salary: JA to William Tudor, Sept. 18, 1785, AP, #115, MHS.
31. “I am driven”: JA to Mercy Warren, May 24, 1785, AP, MHS.
32. she won four games: AA to Mrs. Cranch, April 6, 1786, in C. F. Adams, Letters of Mrs. Adams, II, 135.
33. “Othello [played by John Kemble]”: AFC, VI, 366. 346 “a man must be of rock”: Boyd, ed., PTJ, VIII, 548. 346 It would have: Ibid.
34. French dessert: AFC, VI, 264–65.
35. “But when writing”: Boyd, ed., PTJ, VIII, 549.
36. There is a strong: JA to President Lee, Aug. 26, 1785, AP, #111, MHS.
37. “a new order of things”: JA to Matthew Robinson, March 4, 1786, AP, #113, MHS.
38 “They hate us”: JA to Charles Storer, May 22, 1786, AP, #368, MHS.
39. “I had rather”: JA to Elbridge Gerry, July 15, 1785, AP, #107, MHS.
40. John Adams hanged: AFC, VI, 196.
41 “When Mr. Adams came in”: Ibid., I, 136.
42 “those sanctified hypocrites”: Berkin, Jonathan Sewall, 124. 350 a broken heart: Peabody, ed., John Adams, 134.
43. “We must not”: Cappon, ed., Adams-Jefferson Letters, 61. 351 Portugal’s need: Ibid., 90.
44. sculptor Houdon: Boyd, ed., PTJ, VIII, 267, 302, 340, 577, 663. 353 It is long since: Ibid., IX, 285.
45. His Excellency appeared: Abigail Adams Smith to JQA, Feb. 8–27, 1786, AP, #367, MHS.
46. “aversion to have anything”: Lipscomb, ed., Writings of Thomas Jefferson, I, 95.
47. “They require”: Boyd, ed., PTJ, XII, 193.
48. “This people”: Works, III, 393.
50. “their little journey”: AA to Cotton Tufts, April 8, 1786, AP, #367, MHS.
51. the longest time they had had: AA to Mrs. Cranch, in C. F. Adams, Letters of Mrs. Adams, II, 135–36.
52. Observations on Modern Gardening: Boyd, ed., PTJ, IX, 374. 358 “Four people”: Ibid., 370.
53. “I mounted”: DJA, III, 186.
54. “no pretension”: Boyd, ed., PTJ, IX, 371.
55. Venus and Bacchus unnecessary: DJA, III, 184.
56. “according to the custom”: Ibid., 185.
57. “There is nothing”: Ibid.
58. “kissed the ground”: AA to George Adams, Aug. 7, 1815, AP, #426, MHS.
59. “ground where liberty was fought for”: DJA, III, 185.
60. farm known as Leasowes: Boyd, ed., PTJ, IX, 371.
61. “the simplest and plainest”: DJA, III, 186.
62. You know the opinion: Boyd, ed., PTJ, XI, 94.
63. “He possesses”: AA to Cotton Tufts, Jan. 10, 1786, AP, #367, MHS. 362 “like to become your brother”: AA to JQA, Feb. 16, 1786, AP, #367, MHS.
64. “this unhappy connection”: AFC, VI, 486.
65. “I cannot, however”: AA to Mary Cranch, Feb. 10, 1788, AP, MHS. 363 “The young couple”: JA to James Warren, July 4, 1786, AP, MHS. 363 dreamed of Royall Tyler: AA to Mary Cranch, June 13, 1786, AP, MHS.
66. “Suppose you give”: Boyd, ed., PTJ, X, 162.
67. “smell of the midnight lamp”: JA to JQA, April 2, 1786, AP, #367, MHS. 364 a “memorable change”: JA to Matthew Robinson, March 23, 1786, AP, MHS.
68. “Watchfulness over yourself”: AA to JQA, July 21, 1786, AP, #368, MHS. 365 “You have in your nature”: JA to Charles Adams, June 2, 1786, AP, #113, MHS.
69. “I flatter myself”: Lord Carmarthen to JA, Feb. 28, 1786, AP, #367, MHS. 366 “too long trifled”: JA to Cotton Tufts, May 26, 1786, AP, #368, MHS.
70. “I will go”: Boyd, ed., PTJ, X, 177.
71. “everyone fled”: AA to Cotton Tufts, Aug. 1, 1786, AP, #368, MHS.
72 “miserable”: Abigail Adams Smith to JQA, July 27–Aug. 22, 1786, AP, #368, MHS.
73. “As this presents”: AA to Cotton Tufts, Aug. 1, 1786, AP, #368, MHS.
74. “Not a hill to be seen”: AA to Mrs. Cranch, in C. F. Adams, Letters of Mrs. Adams,
II, 146.
75. “Don’t be alarmed”: Boyd, ed., PTJ, X, 557.
76. proposed trade of her son: Ibid., 202.
77. “An unfortunate dislocation”: Ibid., 621.
78. Maria Cosway: See, generally, Malone, Jefferson and the Rights of Man, II, chap. 5. AA and Cosways: Abigail Adams Smith to JQA, Jan. 22, 1786, AP, MHS.
79. “Head” and “Heart”: Boyd, ed., PTJ, X, 443–53.
80. “tyranny of Britain”: AA to Mary Cranch, Feb. 25, 1787, AAS.
81. “Ignorant, restless”: Cappon, ed., Adams-Jefferson Letters, 168.
82. he hoped the captured rebels: Boyd, ed., PTJ, XI, 174.
83. “a little rebellion”: Ibid.
84. “workhouse of nature”: Boyd, ed., PTJ, X, 447. 371 daughter had safely arrived: Ibid., II, 50.
85. “The tree of liberty”: Ibid., XII, 356.
86. “a fine boy”: AA to Lucy Cranch, April 26, 1787, American Antiquarian Society.
87. “I show her your picture”: Cappon, ed., Adams-Jefferson Letters, 178.
88. “The old nurse”: Ibid.
89. “as rough as a little sailor”: Ibid., 183.
90. “Popularity”: JA to James Warren, Jan. 9, 1787, AP, MHS.
91. “philosophic solitude”: JA to AA, Dec. 25, 1786, AP, #369, MHS. 374 “He is so much swallowed”: AA to JQA, Nov. 22, 1786, AP, #369, MHS.
92. “setting up a king”: AA to JQA, March 20, 1787, AP, #369, MHS. 374 A Defence of the Constitutions: See, generally, Works, IV–VI.
93. “I have read”: Boyd, ed., PTJ, XI, 177.
94. “a powerful engine”: Ibid., 402.
95. “secret design”: Rutland, ed., Papers of James Madison, X, 44. 379 “What think you”: Cappon, ed., Adams-Jefferson Letters, 210. 379 “things” in the Constitution: Boyd, ed., PTJ, XII, 350.
96. “You are afraid”: Cappon, ed., Adams-Jefferson Letters, 213. 380 The public mind: Works, VIII, 467.
97. “and how we say at sea”: Cappon, ed., Adams-Jefferson Letters, 214.
98. “the Vassall-Borland place”: AA to Mary Cranch, Oct. 1787, American Antiquarian Society.
99. William had died: AA to Mary Cranch, Feb. 10, 1788, American Antiquarian Society.
100. Esther Field: Ibid.
101. emergency trip: AA to Cotton Tufts, Feb. 20, 1788, AP, #371, MHS.
102. “I have considered”: Boyd, ed., PTJ, XII, 553.
103. “in the midst of the bustle”: Cappon, ed., Adams-Jefferson Letters, 226.
104. By his opinions: Nabby to JQA, Feb. 10, 1788, AP, #371, MHS.
8. HEIR APPARENT
1. Boston lighthouse: Two-Hundredth Anniversary of Boston Light, 70–71.
2. “My coach”: John Hancock to JA, May 7, 1788, AP, MHS.
3. “The bells in the several churches”: Massachusetts Centinel, June 18, 1788.
4. The oldest has given: JA to Abigail Adams Smith, July 16, 1788, AP, MHS.
5. “Busy unpacking”: DJQA, II, 420.
6. “Parson Wibird”: Ibid., 419.
7. “In height and breadth”: AA to Abigail Adams Smith, July 7, 1788, AP, MHS.
8. “It is not large”: Works, IX, 557.
9. Brissot de Warville: Brissot de Warville, New Travels in the United States of America, 1788, 102.
10. “no Paris lawyer”: La Rochefoucauld-Liancourt, François. Travels Through the United States of North America, I, 407–8.
11. “And who can object”: Massachusetts Centinel, June 25, 1788.
12. Benjamin Rush wrote: Butterfield, ed., Letters of Benjamin Rush, II, 469.
13. “I think of my poor”: AA to Mary Cranch, Dec. 15, 1788, AP, MHS.
14. “The new government”: Cappon, ed., Adams-Jefferson Letters, 234.
15. “Mr. A, to a sound understanding”: Syrett, ed., Papers of Alexander Hamilton, V, 231.
16. Merit must be: Massachusetts Centinel, April 15, 1789. 394 “Freedom of the City”: Ibid., May 2, 1789.
17. 4 million by 1789: See population figures in New York Daily Gazette, July 9, 1789.
18. Virginia was still: See population figures ibid.
19. American Indians: See, Purvis, Revolutionary America, 1763–1800, 24.
20. “Aristotle and Plato”: JA to Arthur Lee, July 18, 1788, Princeton University.
21. “people secretly wish”: Abbot, ed., PGW, II, 59–60.
22. “fate of this government”: JA to William Tudor, May 9, 1789, Tudor Papers, MHS.
23. nearly 700,000 men, women: See population figures in New York Daily Gazette, July 9, 1789.
24. fully 500,000: See population figures ibid.
25. “Patriotism is ridiculed”: MHS, Warren-Adams Letters, II, 249.
26. “in a land of strangers”: Abigail Adams Smith to AA, Sept. 7, 1788, AP, MHS.
27. “I find men and manners”: JA to Abigail Adams Smith, Nov. 11, 1788, AP, MHS.
28. “Not wholly without experience”: Works, VIII, 487.
29. “not quite adapted”: JA to JQA, July 9, 1789, AP, MHS.
30. recompense for office holders: Works, IX, 533.
31. “May Heaven assist me”: Freeman, George Washington. Vol. VI, 155.
32. Federal Hall: See, generally, Christman, First Federal Congress, 104–10.
33. “I wish the business”: Ibid., 108.
34. “cheerfully and readily”: Works, VIII, 486.
35. But if from inexperience: Ibid., 487.
36. “Gentlemen, I feel”: Maclay, Journal of William Maclay, 2.
37. “I find, sir”: Ibid., 3.
38. Richard Henry Lee offered: Ibid., 7.
39. “Many persons in the crowd”: Gazette of the United States, April 25, 1789.
40. “Long live George Washington”: New York Gazette, May 1, 1789.
41. With the crowd in raptures: Gazette of the United States, May 2, 1789.
42. “a confidence as pure”: O’Dwyer, “A French Diplomat’s View of Congress, 1790,” William and Mary Quarterly, July 1964.
43. “with great cordiality”: JA to AA, May 1, 1789, AP, MHS.
44. “No man on earth”: Cappon, ed., Adams-Jefferson Letters, 238.
45. There were presidents of fire companies: Maclay, Journal of William McClay, 23.
46. how to address Washington: Works, VIII, 513.
47. The Contrast: Tyler, The Contrast, 20.
48. “The more simple”: Hobson, ed., Papers of James Madison, XII, 155.
49. “For forty minutes”: Maclay, Journal of William Maclay, 26.
50. “I cannot help thinking”: Ibid., 29.
51. “His Rotundity”: Ibid.
52. “Is not my election”: Old Family Letters, 36.
53. “corruption of ambition”: JA to William Tudor, June 14, 1789, AP, #115, MHS.
54. “anything at any rate”: JA to AA, May 14, 1789, AP, MHS.
55. Hume, Johnson: JA to AA, May 24, 1789, AP, MHS.
56. “My sincere thanks”: JA to AA, May 19, 1789, AP, MHS.
57. “dear friend”: Butterfield, ed., Letters of Benjamin Rush, I, 522–23.
58. �
�the most superlatively”: Boyd, ed., PTJ, XV, 315.
59. preserve the laws: Old Family Letters, 37.
60. “I am a mortal”: Ibid., 60.
61. I deny an “attachment”: Ibid.
62. “A hundred years hence”: Butterfield, ed., Letters of Benjamin Rush, I, 522.
63. “familiar and unaffected”: Corner, ed., Autobiography of Benjamin Rush, 143.
64. “anxious hours”: AA to JA, May 30, 1789, AP, MHS.
65. “What shall I do”: JA to Cotton Tufts, June 12, 1789, AP, MHS.
66. Charles’s difficulties: Harvard Archives, Faculty Records, 5: 272; 6: 29–30.
67. “We are all very happy”: JA to Cotton Tufts, June 28, 1789, AP, MHS.
68. “We are delightfully situated”: AA to Mary Cranch, June 28, 1789, AP, MHS.
69. “At Richmond Hill”: AA to Mary Cranch, Aug. 9, 1789, AP, MHS.
70. “She is plain in dress”: AA to Mary Cranch, June 28, 1789, AP, MHS.
71. He is polite: AA to Mary Cranch, Jan. 5, 1790, AP, MHS.
72. “busy indeed”: Maclay, Journal of William Maclay, 112.
73. “advantages from pride”: John Trumbull to JA, Feb. 6, 1790, AP, #373, MHS.
74. “You talk of my enemies”: JA to John Trumbull, March 9, 1790, AP, #115, MHS.
75. Public business, my son: JA to Thomas Boylston Adams, Sept. 2, 1789, AP, MHS.
76. young Charles to clerk: Hecht, Odd Destiny, 176.
77. dripping head: New York Daily Gazette, Sept. 23, 1789.
78. a complete revolution: New York Daily Gazette, Sept. 23, 1789.
79. France seems travailing: Maclay, Journal of William Maclay, 151.
80. “It seemed impossible”: Gardner, ed., Thomas Jefferson, 210.
81. “The essence of the whole”: Old Family Letters, 55.
82. “Jefferson is here”: AA to Mary Cranch, April 3, 1790, AP, MHS.
83. It rests now with ourselves: Malone, Jefferson and the Rights of Man, 247.
84. “Discourses on Davila”: See Works, VI, 227–403.
85. “division of sentiments”: JA to William Smith, May 20, 1790, AP, MHS.
86. Washington was suddenly taken so ill: See, generally, Gazette of the United States, May 8 and May 19, 1790.
87. “every eye full of tears”: Maclay, Journal of William Maclay, 259.
88. “At this early day”: AA to Mary Cranch, May 30, 1790, AP, MHS.
89. “I hate to complain”: AA to Mary Cranch, March 21, 1790, AP, MHS.
90. “most adjacent”: Hobson, ed., Papers of James Madison, XII, 375.
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