Wood, Gordon S. The Creation of the American Republic, 1776-1787. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 1969.
— . The Radicalism of the American Revolution. New York: Knopf, 1992.
Wright, Conrad Edick, ed. Massachusetts and the New Nation. Boston: Massachusetts Historical Society, 1992.
Wright, Esmond. Fabric of Freedom, 1763-1800. New York: Hill & Wang, 1978.
— . Franklin of Philadelphia. Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, 1986.
Wroth, L. Kinvin, and Hiller B. Zobel, eds. Legal Papers of John Adams. Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, 1965.
Young, James Sterling. The Washington Community, 1800-1828. New York: Columbia University Press, 1966.
Zerbe, Jerome, and Cyril Connolly. Les Pavillons: French Pavilions of the Eighteenth Century. New York: Norton, 1979.
Ziegler, Philip, and Desmond Seward, eds. Brooks’s: A Social History. London: Constable, 1991.
Zobel, Hiller B. The Boston Massacre. New York: Norton, 1970.
ARTICLES
Anderson, William G. “John Adams: The Navy and the Quasi-War with France.” American Neptune XXX, no. 2 (April 1970).
Appleby, Joyce. “The New Republican Synthesis and the Changed Political Ideas of John Adams.” American Quarterly XXV, no. 5 (Dec. 1973).
Bailyn, Bernard. “Butterfield’s Adams: Notes for a Sketch.” William and Mary Quarterly XIX, no. 2 (April, 1962).
Balinky, Alexander S. “Gallatin’s Theory of War Finance.” William and Mary Quarterly XVI, 3rd series, no. 1 (Jan. 1959).
Bowling, Kenneth R. “Dinner at Jefferson’s: A Note on Jacob Cooke’s ‘The Compromise of 1790.’” William and Mary Quarterly XXVIII, 3rd series, no. 4 (Oct. 1971).
Boyd, Julian P. “Silas Deane: Death by a Kindly Teacher of Treason?” William and Mary Quarterly XVI, 3rd series (April 1959).
Brown, Richard D. “Shay’s Rebellion and Its Aftermath: A View from Springfield, Massachusetts 1787.” William and Mary Quarterly XI, 3rd series, no. 4 (Oct. 1983).
Bruchey, Stuart. “Alexander Hamilton and the State Banks.” William and Mary Quarterly XXVII, 3rd series, no. 3 (July 1970).
Calkins, Carlos G. “The American Navy and the Opinions of One of Its Founders: John Adams, 1735-1826.” U.S. Naval Institute XXXVII, no. 2 (June 1911): 457.
Charles, Joseph. “Adams and Jefferson: The Origins of the American Party System.” William and Mary Quarterly XII, 3rd series, no. 3 (July 1955).
— . “Hamilton and Washington: The Origins of the American Party System.” William and Mary Quarterly XII, 3rd series, no. 2 (April 1955).
— . “The Jay Treaty.” William and Mary Quarterly XII, 3rd series, no. 4 (Oct. 1955).
“Diary of James Allen, Esq., of Philadelphia.” Pennsylvania Magazine of History and Biography IX (1885).
“Dr. Solomon Drowne.” Pennsylvania Magazine of History and Biography 48 (1924).
“Extracts from the Diary of Dr. James Clitherall, 1776.” Pennsylvania Magazine of History and Biography 22 (1898).
Farrell, James M. “John Adams’s Autobiography: The Ciceroian Paradigm and the Quest for Fame.” New England Quarterly LXII, no. 4 (Dec. 1989).
Ferling, John, and Lewis E. Braverman. “John Adams: Diplomat.” William and Mary Quarterly LI, 3rd series, no. 2 (April 1994).
— . “John Adams’s Health Reconsidered.” William and Mary Quarterly LV, 3rd series, no. 1 (Jan. 1998).
Foster, Eugene A., et al. “Jefferson Fathered Slave’s Last Child.” Nature, Nov. 5, 1998.
Gelles, Edith. “Abigail Adams: Domesticity and the American Revolution.” New England Quarterly LII, no. 4 (Dec. 1979).
— . “The Abigail Industry.” William and Mary Quarterly XIL, 3rd series, no. 4 (Oct. 1988).
— . “A Virtuous Affair: The Correspondence Between Abigail Adams and James Lovell.” American Quarterly XXXIX (Summer 1987).
Gummere, Richard M. “The Classical Politics of John Adams.” Boston Public Library Quarterly, Oct. 1957.
Heinlein, Jay C. “Albert Gallatin: A Pioneer in Public Administration.” William and Mary Quarterly VII, 3rd series, no. 1 (Jan. 1950).
Henderson, H. James. “Congressional Factionalism and the Attempt to Recall Benjamin Franklin.” William and Mary Quarterly XXVII, 3rd series, no. 2 (April 1970).
Hutson, James H. “John Adams’s Title Campaign.” New England Quarterly XLI, no. 1 (March 1968).
— . “Letters from a Distinguished American: The American Revolution in Foreign Newspapers.” Quarterly Journal of the Library of Congress XXXIV, no. 4 (Oct. 1977).
Klingelhofer, Herbert E. “Matthew Ridley’s Diary During the Peace Negotiations of 1782.” William and Mary Quarterly XX, 3rd series, no. 1 (Jan. 1963).
Kurtz, Stephen G. “The French Mission of 1799-1800: Concluding Chapter in the Statecraft of John Adams.” Political Science Quarterly LXXX (Dec. 1965). Larson, Harold. “Alexander Hamilton: The Fact and Fiction of His Early Years.” William and Mary Quarterly IX, 3rd series, no. 2 (April 1952).
Lerche, Charles O., Jr. “Jefferson and the Election of 1800: A Case Study in the Political Smear.” William and Mary Quarterly V, 3rd series, no. 4 (Oct. 1948).
Lewis, Anthony M. “Jefferson’s Summary View as a Chart of Political Union.” William and Mary Quarterly V, 3rd series, no. 1 (Jan. 1948).
Meschutt, David. “The Adams-Jefferson Portrait Exchange.” American Art Journal XIV, no. 2 (Spring 1982).
Morison, Samuel Eliot. “Elbridge Gerry: Gentleman-Democrat.” New England Quarterly II (Jan. 1929).
Nash, Gary B. “Slaves and Slaveowners in Colonial Philadelphia.” William and Mary Quarterly XXX, no. 2 (April 1973).
Perkins, Bradford. “A Diplomat’s Wife in Philadelphia: Letters of Henrietta Liston, 1796-1800.” William and Mary Quarterly XI, 3rd series, no. 4 (Oct. 1954).
Prelinger, Catherine M. “Benjamin Franklin and the American Prisoners of War in England During the American Revolution.” William and Mary Quarterly XXXII, 3rd series, no. 2 (April 1975).
“Report on Thomas Jefferson and Sally Hemings.” Thomas Jefferson Memorial Foundation, January 2000.
Risjord, Norman K. “The Compromise of 1790: New Evidence on the Dinner Table Bargain.” William and Mary Quarterly XXXIII, 3rd series, no. 2 (April 1976).
Ritcheson, Charles R. “The Fragile Memory: Thomas Jefferson at the Court of George III.” Eighteenth-Century Life VI (Jan. and May 1981).
Schachner, Nathan. “Alexander Hamilton Viewed by His Friends: The Narratives of Robert Troop and Hercules Mulligan.” William and Mary Quarterly IV, 3rd series, no. 2 (April 1947).
Seed, Geoffrey. “A British Spy in Philadelphia, 1775-1777. Pennsylvania Magazine of History and Biography LXXXV (January 1961).
Stinchcombe, William. “The Diplomacy of the WXYZ Affair.” William and Mary Quarterly XXXIV, 3rd series, no. 4 (Oct. 1977).
Tolle, Frederick B. “Franklin and the Pulteney Mission: An Episode in the Secret History of the American Revolution.” Huntington Library Quarterly, Nov. 1953.
Turner, Kathryn. “The Appointment of Chief Justice John Marshall.” William and Mary Quarterly XVII, 3rd series, no. 2 (April 1960).
Wilson, Douglas L. “Thomas Jefferson and the Character Issue.” Atlantic 27, no. 5 (November 1992).
— . “Thomas Jefferson’s Early Notebooks.” William and Mary Quarterly XLII, 3rd series, no. 4 (Oct. 1985).
REFERENCE SOURCES
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NEWSPAPERS AND JOURNALS
Amherst (Massachusetts) Farmers’ Cabinet
Boston Evening Post
Boston Gazette Boston Independent Chronicle
Charleston (South Carolina) City Gazette and Daily Advertiser
Claypoole’s America Daily Advertiser (Philadelphia, Pennsylvania)
Columbian Centinel (Boston, Massachusetts)
Dunlap’s Pennsylvania Packet and General Advertiser
Gazette of the United States (Philadelphia)
Gentleman’s Magazine (London, England)
Haverhill (Massachusetts) Gazette and Essex Patriot
Le Journal des Scavans (Paris, France)
London Chronicle
London Gazette
London General Evening Post
London Public Advertiser
Massachusetts Centinel (Boston)
Massachusetts Spy (Worcester)
New England Palladium
New York Commercial Advertiser
New York Daily Advertiser
New York Evening Post
Newburyport (Massachusetts) Herald
Pennsylvania Evening Post (Philadelphia)
Philadelphia Aurora
Philadelphia General Advertiser
Philadelphia Journal
Philadelphia Ledger
Porcupine’s Gazette and United States Daily Advertiser
Savannah (Georgia) Republican
St. James’s Chronicle (London, England)
Vermont Gazette (Bennington)
Virginia Gazette (Williamsburg)
Washington (D.C.) Federalist
Washington (D.C.) Gazette
Washington (D.C.) National Intelligencer
Index
* * *
Abdee, Phoebe,
Abdee, William,
Abdrahaman,
Active (U.S. ship),
Act Providing a Naval Armament (1797),
Adams, Abigail (JA’s granddaughter),
Adams, Abigail (Nabby) (JA’s daughter), see Smith, Abigail Adams
Adams, Abigail Smith (JA’s wife),
Atlantic crossings of,
in Boston,
child rearing of,
correspondence of, see Adams, John and Abigail, correspondence of; specific individuals
courtship of,
death of,
determination of,
diary of,
domestic activities of,
in East Chester,
and election of,
in England,
family background of,
in France,
French hospitality and,
as grandmother,
health problems of,
in Holland,
homesickness of,
inoculation of,
investment in government securities recommended by,
JA compared with,
JA’s devotion to,
JA’s first meeting with,
JA’s increasing political role as viewed by,
JA’s vice presidency and,
loneliness of,
marriage of,
nursing of,
opera, concert, and theater attendance of,
part in JA’s life played by,
patriotism of,
in Philadelphia,
physical appearance of,
as “Portia,”
portraits of,
power as viewed by,
pregnancies and childbirths of,
in Quincy,
reading of,
sea voyage feared by,
speech patterns of,
Tyler as viewed by,
in Washington, D.C.,
Washington’s death and,
Adams, Ann Harrod,
Adams, Charles (JA’s son),
Abigail’s correspondence with,
at Bush Hill,
death of,
Adams, Charles (JA’s son) (cont.)
education of,
Europe visited by,
health problems of,
inoculation of,
irresponsible and dissolute behavior of,
JA’s advice to,
JA’s correspondence with, romance and marriage of,
Adams, Charles Francis (JA’s grandson),
Adams, Edith Squire,
Adams, Elihu,
Adams, George Washington,
Adams, Hannah Bass,
Adams, Henry,
Adams, John:
Alien and Sedition Acts and,
ambition of,
in American Philosophical Society,
anxiety and doubts of,
Atlantic crossings of,
autobiography of,
birth of,
on Board of War,
book collecting of,
brilliant mind of,
British agents’ interception of letter of,
British soldiers defended by,
British views of,
cabinet of, see also specific individuals
on checks and balances in government,
childhood of,
as Christian,
as close observer,
clothes of,
in commercial treaty negotiations with England,
as commissioner to France,
on Committee of Five,
as Continental Congress delegate,
correspondence of, see Adams, John and Abigail, correspondence of; specific individuals
courage of,
death as preoccupation of,
death of,
decision not to become a minister made by,
despair of, diary of, see Adams, John,
diary of diplomatic convention broken by,
drinking of,
education of,
elected Vice President,
in election of
in election of,
emotional and mental instability attributed to,
entertaining side of,
fame and recognition of,
family background of,
as farmer,
as father,
feelings of failure in,
as Ferdinando Ramón San,
final acts in presidency of,
finances of,
first legal case of,
flirtatiousness and amorous disposition of,
French language skills of,
French Revolution and, frugality of,
garden tour of,
generosity and great-heartedness of,
; as grandfather,
greatness predicted for,
hardworking nature of,
health problems of,
in Holland,
honesty and candor of,
honorary degree of,
horseback riding of,
humor of,
inauguration of,
independence of,
inheritance of,
inoculation of,
integrity of,
irritability of,
as lawyer,
legal studies of,
loneliness of,
as “Lysander,”
man-of-the-world skills lacking in,
manual labor of,
margin notes of,
marriage of,
at Massachusetts constitutional convention,
in Massachusetts legislature,
in meeting with Lord Howe,
as minister plenipotentiary to England,
as minister plenipotentiary to France,
monarchist tendencies ascribed to,
as New Englander,
newspaper writing of,
opera, concert, and theater attendance of,
party politics disliked by,
passion of,
patriotism of,
as peace commissioner,
perseverance and stubbornness of,
physical appearance of,
popularity of,
portraits of,
as President,
property purchased by,
prophecy of,
in Quincy,
reading of,
received as ambassador to the Netherlands,
as reluctant politician,
as revolutionary,
royal appointment declined by,
as schoolmaster,
sea power as viewed by,
social standing of,
sole peacemaker commission revoked for,
in Spain,
speeches of,
as surveyor of roads,
as talker,
temper of,
titles issue and,
turning point in life of,
vanity of,
vice presidency predicted for,
as Vice President,
virtue of,
walking of,
will of,
writing style of,
Adams, John, diary of,
Arthur Lee in,
Atlantic crossings in,
British and England in,
France in,
government and politics in,
Jefferson in,
observations on human nature in,
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