Schott, Joseph L. Rails Across Panama. Indianapolis: Bobbs-Merrill Co., 1967.
Simon, Maron J. The Panama Affair. New York: Charles Scribner’s Sons, 1971.
Smith, G. Barnett. The Life and Enterprises of Ferdinand de Lesseps. Lon don: W. H. Allen, 1895.
Taylor, Charles Carlisle. The Life of Admiral Mahan. London: John Murray, 1920.
Thayer, William Roscoe. The Life and Letters of John Hay. Boston: Houghton Mifflin Co., 1915.
Theiler, Max, and W. G. Downs. Arthropod-Borne Viruses of Vertebrates. New Haven: Yale University Press, 1973.
Tuchman, Barbara W. The Proud Tower, A Portrait of the World Before the War, 1890–1914. New York: Macmillan Co., 1966.
Wagenknecht, Edward. The Seven Worlds of Theodore Roosevelt. New York: Longmans, Green & Co., 1960.
Warshaw, Leon J. Malaria, The Biography of a Killer. New York: Rinehart & Co., 1949.
Washington, D.C., A Guide to the Nation’s Capital. American Guide Series. New York: Hastings House, 1942.
Weigley, Russell F. History of the United States Army. New York: Macmillan Co., 1967.
Whitehead, Richard H. Our Faith Moved Mountains. New York: Newcomen Society, 1944.
Williams, Wythe. The Tiger of France. New York: Duell, Sloan, & Pearce, 1949.
Williamson, Harold F., and Kenneth H. Myers, II. Designed for Digging. Evanston: Northwestern University Press, 1955.
V. INTERVIEWS
Mme. Hervé Alphand, Paris
Alice Anderson, Vineyard Haven, Mass.
Philippe Bunau-Varilla, II, New York City
Crede Calhoun, Panama City
Winter Collins, Balboa Heights, C.Z.
Lavinia Dahlhoff, St. Petersburg, Fla.
Arthur H. Dean, New York City
Katharine Harding Deeble, West Tisbury, Mass.
Winifred Ewing, Panama City
John Fitzgerald, Amherst, Mass.
David St. Pierre Gaillard, Washington, D.C.
Mrs. Thomas Goethals, Vineyard Haven, Mass.
Dr. Victor Heiser, New York City
Walter L. Hersh, St. Petersburg, Fla.
Keith E. Kelley, St. Petersburg, Fla.
Hubert de Lesseps, Paris
Tauni de Lesseps, New York City
Prisca Bunau-Varilla Lionelli, Paris
Alice Roosevelt Longworth, Washington, D.C.
Aminta Meléndez, Colón
Eking E. Morison, Peterborough, N.H .
William E. Russell, New York City
General Edwin L. Sibert, West Tisbury, Mass.
Maurice Thatcher, Washington, D.C.
Mary Weller, St. Petersburg, Fla.
Richard H. Whitehead, Laconia, N.H .
Mrs. Richard H. Whitehead, Laconia, N.H.
Robert Worsley, Panama City
Aileen Gorgas Wrightson, Washington, D.C.
VI. NEWSPAPERS, MAGAZINES, AND TECHNICAL JOURNALS
American Geographical Society Bulletin
American Heritage
American Magazine
American Society of Civil Engineers, Proceedings
American Society of Civil Engineers, Transactions
Atlanta Constitution
Atlantic Monthly
Boston Evening Transcript
Boston Herald
British Medical Journal
Brooklyn Eagle
Bulletin de la Société de Géographie
Bulletin du Canal Interocéanique
Bulletin of the Pan-American Union
California Historical Society Quarterly
Catholic World
The Century
Chicago Tribune
Civil Engineering
Collier’s
Contemporary Review (London)
El Derecho (Bogotá)
Engineering (London)
Engineering Magazine
Engineering News
Engineering News-Record
Everybody’s Magazine
Le Figaro (Paris)
Forum
General Electric Review
Harper’s New Monthly Magazine
Harper’s Weekly
Illustrated London News
Independent
Journal of the American Geographical Society
Journal of the Franklin Institute
Journal of Inter-American Studies and World Affairs
Journal of the Society of Arts
The Leisure Hour
Leslie’s Newspaper
La Libre Parole (Paris)
Life
Lippincott’s Magazine
Literary Digest
London Daily News
Louisville Courier-Journal
Martha’s Vineyard Gazette
Le Matin (Paris)
Medical Journal
Montana History
Munsey’s Magazine
Nation
National Geographic Magazine
New York Daily Commercial Bulletin
New York Economist
New York Evening Post
New York Herald
New York Journal
New York Journal of Commerce
New York Sun
The New York Times
New York Tribune
New York World
Newcomen Society, Transactions
North American Review
The Outlook
Pacific Historical Review
Pall Mall Gazette
Panama Canal Spillway
Panama Star & Herald
El Relator (Bogotá)
Review of Reviews
San Francisco Chronicle
San Francisco Examiner
The Saturday Evening Post
Scientific American
Scribner’s Magazine
Tacoma Evening News
Le Temps
The Times (London)
United States Naval Proceedings
The University Magazine
Washington Post
Washington Star
World’s Work
VII. PICTORIAL SOURCES
American Geographical Society
American Museum of Natural History
Clarence A. Barnes, Jr.
Bibliothéque Nationale
Canal Zone Library-Museum
Winter Collins
Culver Picture Services
Mrs. Katharine Deeble
École Polytechnique
David St. Pierre Gaillard
Mrs. Thomas Goethals
Library of Congress
Museum of Modern Art
National Archives
New York Public Library
Smithsonian Institution
United States Military Academy Archives
VIII. REFERENCE WORKS
The American Heritage Dictionary of the English Language. Boston: Houghton Mifflin Co., 1969.
Bartlett, John. Bartlett’s Familiar Quotations. Boston: Little, Brown & Co., 1955.
Dictionary of American Biography. New York: Charles Scribner’s Sons, 1936.
Dictionary of American History. New York: Charles Scribner’s Sons, 1942.
Dictionary of National Biography. London: Oxford University Press, 1921.
Encyclopaedia Britannica. 15th ed. Chicago: Encyclopaedia Britannica, 1974.
Morison, Samuel Eliot, and Henry Steele Commager. The Growth of the American Republic. New York: Oxford University Press, 1960.
National Geographic Atlas of the World. Rev. 3rd ed. Washington: National Geographic Society, 1970.
Webster’s Geographical Dictionary. Springfield: G. & C. Merriam Co., 1949.
Index
Abbot, Henry, 275–76, 313, 482
Académie de Medecine, 143
Académie des Sciences, 73, 187, 194
Académie Française, 182
Adam, Juliette, 122
Adams, Charles Francis, 555, 556, 558, 569, 585
Adams, Henry, 246, 248, 257, 258
Adee, Alvey A., 339,
340
Agramonte, Aristides, 414
Aïda (Verdi), 54
Aigle (yacht), 54
Aizpuru, Rafael, 110, 175–78
Alabama, C.S.S., 252
Alexander II, Tsar, 279
Alexander, Edward Porter, 314
Alexandre La Valley, S.S., 607
Alexandria, 151
Alger, Russell, 406
Ali, Mohammed, 49, 51
Allen, Horatio, 31, 32
Allison, William Boyd, 324
Amador, Elmira, 363
Amador, Sefiora, 341, 363, 365, 384, 385, 446, 588
Amador Guerrero, Manuel, 179, 300 illus., 329, 341–75 passim, 384–385, 399, 402, 588
biographical sketch, 341–42
revolutionary conspiracy, 342ff.
trip to New York (Aug. 1903), 343–50, 352–53, 356–61
trip to Washington (Nov. 1903), 393, 395–96
meetings with Bunau-Varilla, 349–350, 352–53, 356–60
elected president of Panama, 398
Bunau-Varilla’s ambassadorship, 356–57, 387–88
and Gorgas, 425
meeting with Taft, 446
meeting with T.R., 493–95
Amaya, Ramon, 366, 368–70, 374–75
American Bar Association, 381
American Contracting and Dredging Company, 156
American Engineer (periodical), 171
American Geographical Society, 71, 72, 119
American Line, 321
American Society of Civil Engineers, 119, 485
Ammen, Daniel, 23–24, 65–67, 89 illus., 127, 262
background, 26–27
at Congres International (1879), 71–74, 77–79, 83, 85
Ancon, S.S., 518 illus., 529 illus., 594, 609
Ancon (town), 424, 443, 453, 494, 514 illus., 563
earthquake at, 606
running water at, 467
Ancon Art Society, 564
Ancon Hill, 94 illus., Ill, 154, 163, 178, 416, 594
M. Gorgas’ description of, 424–25
Ancon Hospital, 94 illus., 95 illus., 178, 424–25, 429 illus., 501, 566, 580, 583–85
American takeover, 402
bubonic plague case, 454
establishment, 134
Gorgas’ headquarters, 416, 420, 532
malaria at, 416, 447
Roosevelt tour of, 495
yellow fever at, 451, 468
Andrieux, Louis, 216–20
Anglo-Dutch Company, 170
anti-Semitism, 205–7, 223, 235, 236
Appleton, Nathan, 73, 83
Arango, José Agustin, 300 illus., 362, 363
background, appearance, 342–43
revolutionary group, 342–43, 355, 365, 368–69, 371
treaty with U.S., 376, 387, 397
meeting with Taft, 446
Arctic, S.S., 612
Arias, Pedro, 342
Arias, Ramon, 342
Arias, Tomas, 300 illus., 362, 363, 371, 376, 387, 397
Arlington Hotel, 245, 246, 286, 397
Arosemena, Don Bias, 40
Arosemena, Carlos Constantino, 300 illus., 342–43, 363, 393
Around the World in Eighty Days (Verne), 58
Arthur, Chester A., 496
Artigue et Sonderegger, 158
Artigue, Sonderegger et Cie., 191
Arton, Leopold-Emile, 209, 216, 227, 232, 233
Aspinwall, William Henry, 35, 105
Aspinwall Hotel, 566
Atlanta, U.S.S., 379
Atlanta Constitution, 570
Atlantic Monthly, 252, 253, 263
Atrato River, 21, 29, 30, 39, 44, 73, 74
Autobiography (Roosevelt), 382, 508
Avila, Pedro Arias de, 112
Baïhaut, Charles, 190, 191, 217, 224, 227, 229, 231–34
Baker, Asher, 282, 284, 285, 291
Balboa, Vasco Nunez de, 21, 22, 36, 112
Balboa, C.Z., 549
Baldwin Works, 241
banana trade, 398–99
Bancroft, George, 318
Banque de France, 400
Barbacoas, 108–9, 155, 178
Barcelona, 48
Barbados, 141, 502, 577
Canal labor recruiting, 472, 475–476, 501, 579
Barboux, Henri, 84, 98–99 illus., 223, 225, 238
Bardwell, Captain, 157
Barnard, Henry, 129
Barranquilla, 64
Barrés, Maurice, 211, 213
Bas Obispo, 543, 546
Bauperthuy, Lewis, 142, 144
Beaupré, Arthur, 333–39
Beaurepaire, Jules Quesnay de, 210
Bee-keeper’s Journal, 232
Beers, George, 358
Beers, James, 342–43, 358
Belding, William, 470
Bell, Alexander Graham, 214, 246
Bellevue Hospital Medical College, 410, 411
Bellows, Henry W., 120
Benoit, butler, 447, 534
Bernard, Walter, 591
Bernhardt, Sarah, 131, 284
Berthaut, Henri, 171–72
Bessemer, Sir Henry, 24
“Beyond the Chagres” (Gilbert), 453
Biddle, Charles, 31, 34
Biddle, James, 27
Bidlack, Benjamin Alden, 32–33, 377
Bidlack Treaty, 136, 318, 331, 340–41
Bierd, William Grant, 470, 533
Bierstadt, Albert, 120
Biez, Jacques de, 207
Bigelow, Grace, 357
Bigelow, John, 187, 237, 293, 317, 351–52, 362fn.
with Lesseps on Panama tour, 187–88
pro Panama canal project, 120, 130, 271, 280
friendship with Bunau-Varilla, 279–80, 285, 286, 349, 352, 356
Bigelow, Poultney, 251, 577fn.
Bionne, Henri, 60, 68, 72, 83, 127, 185
with Lesseps on Panama tour, 103, 121
death of, 138, 139
Bishop, Joseph Bucklin, 146, 147, 432–33 illus., 529, 543–45, 551, 558, 597, 608
Secretary of I.C.C., 503
association with Goethals, 536–39, 571
and Canal Record, 536–37, 564
Bismarck, Otto von, 55–56, 235
Black, William, 342, 376
Blackburn, Joseph, C. S., 432–33 illus., 510, 511, 568
Blaine, James G., 377
Blanc, Louis, 209
Blanchet, Gaston, 103, 115, 131, 136, 144
marriage, 116
death, 139, 151, 185
Blondin, M., 227, 231
Bó, Marius, 293
Bocas del Toro, 399
Boer War, 256
Bogotá, 32, 335–40, 342
Wyse mission to, 62–64
riots in, 385
inaccessibility of, 63–64, 335
Bogotá, S.S., 371
Bohio, Lake, 484
Bohio Soldado, 133, 484
dam (projected) at, 307, 308, 311–312, 326, 445, 485
locks (projected) at, 194, 440
see also Gatun
Boston and Panama Ice Company, 34fn.
Bolívar, Simon, 336, 399
Bonaparte, Lucien, 61
Bonheur, Raymond, 48
Bonnemains, Madame de, 204
Boston, 284
Boston, U.S.S., 367, 379, 448
Boston Fruit Company, 399
Boston Herald, 284
Boswell, Helen Varick, 563
Boulanger, Georges, 191, 204, 215, 231
Boulangists, 211, 220, 233
Boulder Dam, 592
Bourdon, Jules, 60
Bournemouth, England, 227–28, 233
Bourse, 220
Boyd, Federico, 300 illus., 343, 361, 371, 376, 387, 388, 393, 396
assails Bunau-Varilla, 395
Boyer, Leon, 185, 187, 190
Bragard, Louise Helene Autard de, see Lesseps, Louise …
Brainard, Harry, 451
Brandon, Isaac & Brothers Bank, 374–76
Bransford
, John, 143
Brewster, Joseph, 579
Brindley, James, 25
British Association, 199
Brito, Nicaragua, 75
Brooke, Mark, 342, 402, 406
Brooklyn, 272
Brooklyn Bridge, 119, 599
Brooklyn Navy Yard, 20
Brown, Robert M. G., 171
Bryan, William Jennings, 543
Bryce, James, Lord, 543
bubonic plague, 454, 465, 500
Bucyrus steam shovel, 442, 445, 447, 496, 531, 547
Buenaventura, 64, 175–76
Bulletin du Canal Interocéanique, 111, 114, 121, 122, 138, 160, 184, 189, 536
first issue, 103
suppression, slanting of news, 109, 138, 238
Bulloch, Irvine, 252
Bulloch, James Dunwoodie, 252
Bulwer, Sir Henry Lytton, 38
Bunau, Pamela Caroline, 162
Bunau-Varilla, Etienne, 389, 390
Bunau-Varilla, Maurice, 281, 288, 400–401
Bunau-Varilla, Philippe, 79, 145, 172, 190, 191, 298 illus., 400, 482, 550
background, character, 161–63, 276–78
Bigelow friendship, 187, 279–80, 285, 286, 349, 352, 356
Canal opening, 609
Cincinnati trip, 281
Compagnie/project, his role in, 179–180, 184, 197, 212, 400–401, 607
Cromwell association, 289–91, 294, 320, 349
death of, 616
and Dreyfus case, 277, 281, 289
at École Polytechnique, 96 illus., 162
and Eiffel, 196, 400
and Lesseps, 187, 401
Panama-canal-site lobbyist, 270, 271, 279–94, 316–17, 320–25, 327, 609
Panamanian revolution, 349–64, 377, 384
Panama Republic’s envoy, 303 illus., 356–59, 377, 384, 387–97, 401
and Roosevelt, 350–52, 354
Russian-participation scheme, 279
and Seligman, 289
U.S. purchase of Compagnie, 292, 293, 400
Bunau-Varilla, Madame Philippe, 356
Burr, William H., 280, 293, 313, 407, 408, 482, 487, 531
Burt, George, 177
Bush, Charles Green, 381
Butcher, John, 577
Butler, Ben, 473
Caimito Mulato, 440
Caledonia Bay, 20, 21, 22, 24, 40, 43, 44
Caledonian Canal, 29, 31
California, S.S., 112
California, University of, 383
Camacho diversion, 549
Canal Record, 431 illus., 536, 537, 546, 564, 575
Canal Zone, 398–400, 445, 446, 481, 492, 614
Chinese-exclusion policy, 474–75
excavation statistics, 530, 537
government of, 421, 450, 463, 542
racial inequities, 474–77, 557, 559, 567–68, 574–84
Roosevelt visit, 494–500
set up by U.S.-Colombia treaty (proposed), 332–35, 352, 391–95
social life in, 557–72
sovereignty question, 391–94
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