Haddon, A. C., Canoes of Oceania, 48
Hale, Horatio, 93–94, 97, 166–67, 336n167
Handy, Edward S. C., 130–31, 177, 184, 239
“Polynesian women from the Marquesas (Type I),” 175
Handy, Willowdean, 177, 179–80, 316
Hawai‘i, 305
Arcturus (zenith star of), 275
Bayard Dominick Expedition and, 177
Big Island, 1–3, 5, 29, 166, 277, 306
Christianity and, 3
Cook and, 3, 4, 6, 7, 103, 110
cosmogony of, 133
creation myths, 135, 137
depopulation of, 153–54
difficulty reaching, 43
directions as relative, 96
drift route impossible for, 260
European contact experiences, 5–6, 74
European discovery, 4–5
Fornander and, 150–60
goddess Pele, 163
Hawaiian Renaissance, 276–77
heiau on, 2–3
Hikiau Heiau, 2–3, 6, 7, 8
Hōkūle‘a and, 275–76, 277
kahuna, 81
Kealakekua Bay, 1–4, 5–6, 317
Maui, 4
Mauna Loa, 1
migration to, 157
Moloka‘i Island, 152
monarchs, 1, 7
Napo‘opo‘o, 7–8
naturalized citizens of, 151–52
navigating a high island and, 30
O‘ahu, 2, 210
in Polynesian Triangle, 9, 11, 98
pre-contact population, 154
radiocarbon dating, 210, 306, 307, 308
South Point site, 210, 216
Sullivan’s data and, 183
volcanic origins, 29
whaling ships and, 116
World War II and, 213–14
Hawaiki, 10, 102, 166–67, 203, 220, 305, 315, 336n167
Hale and Tupaia’s chart, 166–67
Kupe and the Great Fleet, 168–71
Smith and Fornander on, 167
Hawkesworth, John, An Account of the Voyages . . ., 28
Henderson Island, 59, 230
Herreshoff, H. C., 39
Hesiod, Theogony, 141, 333n141
Het handboek voor de zeiler (Herreshoff), 39
Heyerdahl, Thor, 237–49, 263, 308
American Indians in the Pacific, 245–46
book/film of expedition, 244–45
critics of, 245, 246, 248
on Fatu Hiva, 237–38
Kon-Tiki expedition, 237, 241–45, 260–61
route of voyage, 242, 243
sponsors for expedition, 241
South American theory of, 238–40, 246–49, 341n248
high islands, 29–30
Hipour, 265, 266, 270, 290–91
Hiva Oa Island, 37
Hodges, William
“Review of the war galleys of Tahiti,” 77
“A View taken in the bay of Oaite Peha Otaheite [Tahiti],” 67
Hōkūle‘a
first Tahiti voyage, 274–84, 274
Mālama Honua voyage, 295
public’s enthusiasm for, 277, 281–82, 294
second Tahiti voyage, 284–85
third Tahiti voyage, 288–89
validation of Polynesians as navigators, 294–95, 312
“Voyage of Rediscovery,” 294
voyages (mid-80s), 293–94
Holmes, Tommy, 275, 276, 278–79
Homer, 143, 145
Odyssey, 140, 333n140, 333n141
Hornell, James, Canoes of Oceania, 48
Howe, K. R., 148, 255
Huahine Island, 87
Ilha Formosa (Taiwan), 228
Indian Ocean, 41, 54, 109
Indonesia, 18, 109, 157, 165, 167, 192, 228, 265, 301
Iotiebata, 265, 270
Isle of Pines, 226
islets (motu), 44, 46
Java, 53, 167
Jones, Pei Te Hurinui, 255
Jones, Sir William, 104–5
Journal (Tasman), 51
Journal of the Polynesian Society, 165, 225
Ka‘awaloa, Hawai‘i, 7
Kalakaua, King, 155
Kalani‘ōpu‘u, Chief, 7
Kamakau, Samuel, 155
Kamehameha I, 1, 156
Kamehameha III, 151
Kāne, Herb, 275, 276–77, 289
Kapahulehua, Captain Kawika, 277, 280, 282
Kaua‘i Island, 4
Kaukura Island, 83
Keats, John, 84, 118
Kepelino, 155
Kermadec Islands, 260
“Kubla Khan” (Coleridge), 118
Kyselka, Will, 283–84, 286, 287, 317
language, 8, 9, 160
Austronesian family, 109, 228
Banks’s interest in Tahitian, 107
canoes/sailing words, 19, 49, 228
comparative linguistics, 104–6, 144
English transcription of Polynesian names, 83
evolution of, 20
Formosan, 228
Hawaiian term “na‘au” (gut), 293
Indo-European family, 105, 108, 142, 144, 145
Latin, Greek, and Sanskrit, common origins, 104–5, 143
Latin-English comparison, 105–6
linguistic “survivals,” 146
Māori and, 55
Māori and Tahitian, 101
of Melanesia, 197
New Guinea and, 197
numbers and, 108
Oceanic family, 145, 228
oldest Polynesian, 57
onomatopoeic words, 106
philology, 138, 144
Polynesian and South American languages, 120
Polynesian for “pig,” 58
Polynesian for “red feathers,” 163–64
Polynesian for “water,” 58
Proto-Indo-European, 105, 228
Proto-Oceanic, 228–30
relationship of Sanskrit and Polynesian, 145–48, 150
Schouten and Le Maire’s word list, 55, 58
for seas of the Pacific, 20
similarity in Polynesia, 104, 109, 197
Tahitian directions, 93
Te Pō and Te Kore, 136
Tongans and, 58
universal aspects of, 106
word borrowing, 106
words of protolanguage, 143–44
words relating to the littoral, 19
words relating to the sea, 19–20
Lapita people, 221–33, 287, 306, 307, 308, 340n226
canoes of, 227
culture and lives of, 227, 228–30
environment altered by, 231–32
migrations, 227–28, 230–33
as Polynesian precursors, 227
pottery of, 221, 225–26, 227
Proto-Oceanic language, 228–30
simultaneous appearance in Polynesia, 226–27
sites, various islands, 224–26, 302
transporting of goods, animals, and plants by, 230–31
Last of the Mohicans, The (Cooper), 118
Le Maire, Jacob, 27, 47, 55, 56, 57, 58, 70, 89, 107, 243
Levison, Michael, 258, 261, 262, 264
The Settlement of Polynesia, 250
Lewis, David, 263, 264, 290
ancient navigational methods and, 263–64, 266, 269, 271
Hipour and, 265, 266, 270, 290–91
Hōkūle‘a and, 278, 279, 280, 282
Iotiebata and others, 265, 270
Polynesian “wandering spirit” and, 273
Rehu Moana catamaran, 263, 264
sailing around the world, 263
Tevake and, 264–65, 267, 314
Libby, Willard F., 210, 211, 213, 215, 216, 224
Lili‘uokalani, Queen, 135
Line Islands, 261
Linton, Ralph, 177
“Polynesian women from the Marquesas (Type I),” 175
Lonoikamakahiki, 135
Los Desventurados Islands, 21, 28, 243
Louis XV of France,
31
Macpherson, James, 118
Madagascar, 54, 108–9, 121, 228
Magellan, Ferdinand, 21–23, 28, 42, 70, 243
Mai (Tahitian), 251
Makatea Island, 62
Malaysia, 109
Mangaia Island, 133
Mangareva Island, 166
Manihiki Atoll, 166
Māori, 8, 24, 85, 195, 305, 309–10
aggressiveness, 55–56
appearance, 102, 196
attack on Tasman’s crew, 55
Banks’s account of dead Māori, 100
cannibalism of, 102
Cook’s crew’s shooting of, 100
culture of, 102
haka (war dance), 101
history of, 202
language of, 55
the moa and, 200
myth of Rangi and Papa, 139–40
oral traditions, 128, 165–66, 170, 203, 309–10
proverb, 169
reluctance to share lore, 155
story about Raukawa, 131–32, 133
story of Kupe and the Great Fleet, 168–71, 190–91
tā moko, the Māori tattoo, 166
Tasman and, 55, 56
Te Pō, 134
Te Rangi Hiroa’s studies and, 189–90, 337n189
theory of Semitic origin, 141–42
tohunga, 81
Tregear’s theory, 146–48
See also Te Rangi Hiroa
Māori-Polynesian Comparative Dictionary (Tregear), 131
maps, 25–27, 109
errors of, 25–27
“Map of the prevailing winds on earth,” 39
Mercator and, 26
Pacific Ocean, 17, 25
perspective of, 95
Ptolemaic, 25, 26
Sandwich Islands, I
“Marquesan Somatology” (Sullivan), 175
Marquesas, 3, 8, 10–11, 24, 28, 30–31, 36–37, 84, 157, 237–38, 305, 317, 319
Bayard Dominick Expedition, 177–78, 217
bird species of, 230
canoes of, 32–33, 36–37
Cook and, 37, 102
cosmogony of, 133
depopulation, 154, 184, 302
dog of, 24, 31
earliest settlement, 30–31, 308
European discovery, 31, 326n31
food of, 36
Handys in, 177–78, 179
as high islands, 29–30
history and myth in, 130–31
houses, 36
intermarriage and, 184
Mendãna and, 31–38
missionaries and, 115–16
mythology and folklore, 177
“other islands” referred to, 37
Polynesian name, 38, 327n38
“Polynesian women from the Marquesas (Type I),” 175
population, 31
pottery, 219–20, 319
radiocarbon dating and, 217–20, 306, 307–8
religion, 36
sea voyages of islanders, 37
Spanish and, 34, 38
story of Aka’s voyage, 163–64, 335n164
Sullivan’s data and, 183–84, 185
tattooing (tatau) in, 178
tools and weapons, 36
topography of, 30
transit of Venus and, 69
Tupaia’s chart and, 92, 94
underworld of, 167
“voyaging with intent” and, 261
whaling ships and, 116
Marsden, Rev. Samuel, 141–42
Marshall Islands, 193, 271
“Material Culture of the Moa-Hunters in Murihuku, The” (Tevitodale), 199
Matisoo-Smith, Elizabeth, 304–5
Maugham, Somerset, 244
Maupiti Island, 163
Mauritius, 54
Melanesia, 144, 182, 183, 186, 194, 204, 205, 218, 219, 228, 264, 265, 300–301, 303
inhabitants of, 196, 197
languages of, 197
Polynesian origins and, 192–93, 301
Polynesian/Melanesian divide, 194–95, 337n194
Te Rangi Hiroa’s theory and, 195, 196
See also Watom Island
Melville, Herman, 152
Moby-Dick, 151
Queequeg and, 86, 151
Mendãna, Álvaro de, 9, 31–38, 70
Mercator, Gerardus, 26
Metamorphoses (Ovid), 140
Meyer, Father Otto, 221–22, 226
Micronesia, 109, 193, 194
moa, 53, 107, 199–203, 199, 205, 206, 207, 303
moa hunters, 199–209, 303
Moa-Hunter Period of Maori Culture, The (Duff), 210
Moana (film), 312
Moby-Dick (Melville), 151
Moerenhout, Jacques-Antoine, 121–25, 134, 137–38
Molyneux, Robert, 83
Mo‘orea Island, 70
Müller, Max, 145, 146
Mussau Islands, 226
mythology and folklore, 117–18, 138, 335n159
Aitken study of, 177
alterations of, 170
authenticity question, 256–57, 312
“The Canoe Song of Ru,” 162–63, 335n163
demigod Maui fishing up islands, 257
European focus on familiar motifs, 139–41
European mythical lands, 26–27
Fornander and, 154–60, 314
genealogic connection and, 141
god, Lono, 5–7
god, Tane, 95, 140, 166
Greek and European traditions, 140, 141, 333n140, 333n141
Hawaiki or Polotu in, 1, 73, 102, 166–67, 315, 336n167
as history, 171, 309–13, 315
Kon-Tiki, pre-Incan sun king, 241, 246
“Laurasian” mythology, 141
magic objects, 161–62
the moa and, 200
Maui, demigod, 166, 257, 280
navigator gods, 161
pairing of earth and sky, 139–40
Polynesian, 139–49
Raka, god of the winds, 268
specific details in Polynesian stories, 162
stories of Rata, 163
story of Aka’s voyage, 163–64
story of Kupe and the Great Fleet, 168–71, 190–91, 312
story of Pele, 163
story of Rangi and Papa, 139–40
story of Ru and Hina, 163
story of Toi, 169
subjective and objective reactions (history and myth) unified, 130–32, 161–71, 311–13, 315
supernatural creatures and hazards, 162
Te Pō and, 140–41, 166
Tiki, Marquesan god/chief, 238–39
voyaging stories, 161–71, 161, 312
Zabaism and, 156
See also creation myths
Myths and Songs from the South Pacific (Gill), 262
navigational methods, 96–97, 262–73
ancient sea lore and, 264–65
Carolinian etak system, 268–69, 280, 290–91
experience of and conceptual framework of, 272–73
intuition and, 293
land-finding techniques, 78–79, 99, 269–72, 290
Nainoa Thompson and, 283–84, 286–95
oral tradition and, 271, 292
“Pacific-wide system,” 265
Polynesian point of view and, 290–91
reading of ocean swells, 266–67, 271, 290
star compass, 97, 283, 290, 345n290
stars and star paths, 97, 164, 265, 266, 268, 279–80, 287, 335n164
stick charts, 271
tour vs. map thinking, 291–92
“underwater lightning,” 270
wind compasses, 262, 267–68
New Britain, 221
New Caledonia, 109, 197, 222–26, 232
Site 13, 221, 224, 225–26
New Guinea, 9, 18, 25, 26, 108, 109, 197, 230
New Ireland, 108
New Zealand (Aotearoa), 9, 11, 51–58, 65, 98, 223
appearance of inhabitants, 56
archaeology and, 199–209, 199
birds of, 52–53
canoes, 56–57, 99
commensals on, 24
as “continental,” 52
Cook and, 4, 100, 101, 103, 104
cosmogony of, 133
drift route impossible for, 260
end of voyaging era and, 169
European contact experiences, 55–56, 74–75
European explorers and, 53
evolutionary history, 52
extinct creatures of, 53, 107, 205
first settlers, 203–5, 209, 233, 304, 308, 309
indigenous plants and animals, 52–53
knowledge as tapu, 155
Lewis and, 263
Māori of (see Māori)
Murderers’ Bay, 51, 56
myth of Rangi and Papa, 139–40
North and South Island, 56
number of plant species, 46
Pacific rat of, 305
Polynesian name, 10, 52, 168–69
Polynesians arrive in, 10
radiocarbon dating and, 217
size of, 51
sweet potatoes grown on, 247
Tasman and, 54–58, 100
Te Pō and, 135–36
Wairau Bar site, 206–7, 210, 217, 218, 299, 303–4, 308
whaling ships and, 116
Newfoundland, 69, 84
Ngata, Apirana, 191, 192, 195
Ngatik Island, 290–91
Niue Island, 102
Norse, 18
Prose Edda, 118
sagas, 141, 333n140, 333n141
Northwest Passage, 4, 68
Nuku Hiva Island, 2–3, 217–20
Anaho Bay, 317–19
Nukutavake Island, 48
Odyssey (Homer), 140, 333n140, 333n141
oral traditions, 12, 126–38
alteration of accounts, 170
characteristics of, 127–28, 130
collecting, transcribing, and translating, 138
cosmogonies, 122–24, 133–37
documenting of, 128–29
European approach to Polynesian mythology, 139–49
feats of memory and, 128
Fornander’s recordings, 150–60, 170
genealogy and, 128
Handy’s observation, 130–31
histories based on, loss of prestige, 171
Iliad or the Odyssey, 170
informants for, 138
Māori, 170, 203
navigational lore, 271, 292
“oral way of seeing,” 129–30
purpose of, 127
Sharp’s assertions, 256
Smith’s recordings, 165–66, 170
stories as truth, 133
study of, from Uzbekistan and Kyrgyzstan, 129–30
subjective and objective reactions (or history and myth) as unified, 130–32
Tahitian creation myths, 122–24
Te Rangi Hiroa and, 257
“three-generation reachback,” 335n159
timelines and validity of, 309–11
Tregear’s story and, 131
variants in, 128–29, 134
See also mythology and folklore
O’Regan, Tipene, 315
origins and migrations of the Polynesians, 10, 299, 341n248
age of exploration and long-distance voyaging, 10, 169
Sea People Page 37