Saint Peter le Poer Church (London), 90
Sandy Point, 59, 73–74, 94
Savage, HMS, 226
Sawyer, Joseph, 46
Schneider, John, 158
Schroeder, John Frederick, 282
Schuyler, Philip, 192
Scott, Charles, 207
Scott, John, 90
Scottish immigrants, 33
Seabury, Samuel, 203, 239
“Sentiments of an American Woman, The” (Reed), 205
Seven Years’ War, 140, 150, 168
Sewall, Hannah, 85
Sewall, Samuel, 85
Shackleton, Robert, 92
Shakespeare, William, 13, 42
Sharpe, John, 34
Sharples, James, 57–58
Shenandoah Valley, 220
Sherman, Roger, 253
Shirley, William, 148–49, 171
Sigourney, Lydia, 8
Simmes, William, 235
Slaughter, Philip, 96, 259
slaves, Virginia and, 18–19
slaves and slavery, 14–15, 18–20, 97–98, 115–16, 162–63, 226, 236
George frees, on death, 280
Mary and, 256, 269, 272, 275
Revolutionary War and, 197, 198, 226
smallpox, 16, 134, 203–4, 214–15
Smily, Ruth, 14
Smith, Daniel Blake, 73, 121, 242
Smith, Francis, 187
Smith, John, 13, 16
Smith, Nora, 99
Smithsonian Institution, 92–93, 282
social mobility, 16–17, 20
Somerville, Alexander, 212
Sons of Liberty, 172
South Carolina, 257
Sparks, Jared, 124, 132, 256, 273
Spears, Thomas, 187
Spencer, Dr., 129–30
Spirit of ’76, The, 50
Spotswood, Alexander, 107, 236–37
Spotsylvania County, Virginia, 11, 106, 236, 255
Staehlin, Jakob von, 234
Stafford County, Virginia, 14, 69
Stamp Act (1765), 170–73, 177
repealed, 172
Stars and Stripes, 93, 200–201
State Department, 266
St. Clair, Arthur, 270
Steuben, Baron Friedrich Wilhelm von, 270
Stith, Buckner, 98–99
Stokesbury, James, 199
Story of Mary Washington, The (Terhune), 7, 113, 143, 287
Strother, Margaret, 103
Strother, William, 102–3
Stuart dynasty, 32, 61, 122
Sugar Act (1764), 169
Sulgrave Manor (England), 42
Sutherland, Dr., 137
Tallmadge, Benjamin, 223
Tame (slave), 152–53
Taney, Roger, 284
Tappahannock, Virginia, 12
tariffs, 251
taxes
British and, 169–81
Constitutional Convention and, 251, 254
Tayloe, John, 184
Taylor, Henry, 174
Tea Act (1773), 178
tea boycotts, 179–80, 204
Tempest, The (Shakespeare), 13
Tennent, William, III, 204
Terhune, Mary (Marion Harland), 50, 71, 74, 143, 194, 209, 230, 287
Terrel, Anne, 204–5
Theresa, Maria, 176
Thompson, Mary, 22, 92, 116, 213, 240
Thornton, Thomas, 259, 267–68
Time, 93
tobacco farming, 14, 45, 106, 154
Tocqueville, Alexis de, 61–63
Townshend, Charles, 173
Townshend (Revenue) Act (1767), 173, 178
partial repeal of, 173, 174, 176
Trenton, Battles of, 201, 210, 214
Truro Parish, 90, 96, 128, 240
Turner, Nancy Byrd, 50, 56, 60–61, 87, 103–4, 122, 142, 163, 180
Twohig, Dorothy, 3
Union Army, 281
United Fruit company, 289
United States
claims ownership of Indian-controlled lands, 240
early years after Revolution and, 227–28
new constitution drafted, 241
U.S. Congress, 19, 261, 266
U.S. Constitution (1787), 9, 165
Bill of Rights amended to, 257–58
drafted, 241
approved by Convention, 253–54
Federalist Papers and, 261
ratified by states, 254, 256–60, 276
U.S. House of Representatives, 250, 253
U.S. Patent Office, 93
U.S. Senate, 250, 253
U.S. Supreme Court, 253
Valley Forge, 93, 213–14, 218
Vermont, 276
Vernon, Edward, 127–28
Virginia, colonial, 24, 84–85
Anglican church and, 23
apprenticeships and, 17
Ball family heritage in, 17, 29–36
Cavalier immigration to, 31
clothing in, 17–18, 52
crime and punishment in, 24
disease in, 16
early newspapers and, 13
education in, 55–56
farming and, 14–16
George III anniversary of 1766 and, 167
governors and, 166
horses in, 24
iron industry, 69–70
jobs in, 15
shopping and, 17–18
racial laws in, 19
Revolutionary War and, 196–98
taverns and, 24–25
white settlement of, 12–13
women’s roles in, 14–15
Virginia, post-revolutionary
Constitutional Convention and, 249
Constitution ratified by, 257–58
Virginia Conventions
First (1774), 182
Second (1775), 185–86
Virginia Gazette, 13, 17, 24, 72, 97–98, 100, 102, 104, 110–11, 128, 153, 162, 167, 172, 175–76, 178, 193, 197–99, 204–5, 211, 230–31, 233, 280
Virginia General Assembly (post-Revolutionary), 33, 34, 50, 106, 238–39
Virginia Herald and Fredericksburg Advertiser, 260, 270, 274
Virginia House of Burgesses, 45, 166, 171–74, 179, 181
Virginia House of Delegates, 216, 255
Virginia (Large State) Plan, 250–51, 253
Virginia militia, 186
Virginia Nonimportation Resolutions, 173–74
Virginia Regiments, 96, 149, 191, 222
Virginia State Land Office, 31
Virginia Statute for Religious Freedom (1786), 238–39
Voltaire, 21
Wakefield plantation, 45, 59, 120–21, 285
Walker, J. Travis, 256
Walter, James, 57
Walzeer, John F., 86
Ward, Artemas, 192
Ware family, 12
Warner, Augustine, 47
War of 1812, 38
War of Jenkins’ Ear, 3, 127, 140
War of the Austrian Succession, 121, 127
Washington, Anne Fairfax (Lawrence’s wife; George’s sister-in-law), 99–100, 128–29, 137–39
Washington, Anne Pope (George’s great grandmother), 45
Washington, Augustine, Jr. (George’s half brother), 68, 99, 114–15, 121
Washington, Augustine (Mary’s husband, George’s father)
apocryphal letter, 88
appearance, strength, and personality of, 70–71
birth of, 47, 66
birth of son George and, 78
cherry tree and garden tales and, 107–10
children of first marriage and, 78
children with Mary and, 73, 94
court orders and, 68
death of, 2–3, 105–6, 113–21, 127, 221
death of father and, 47, 67
death of first wife Jane and, 70
death of half sister Mildred and, 66
death of mother and, 67
early life of, 66–67
father’s cousin John as guardian of, 67
George’s childhood and, 85, 88, 107–10
house burns down, 111
inheritance of, 67–68
iron mining and, 69–70, 95–96
land acquired by, 68–69
Little Hunting Creek and, 95–96
marries Jane Butler, 68
marries Mary Ball, 9, 48, 66, 71–74
moves to England with mother and stepfather, 66–67
moves to Ferry Farm, 102–6
Popes Creek home and, 69
runaway slaves and, 97–98
travels to England as adult, 73–74, 100
Truro Parish church and, 96–97
will of, 114–17
Washington, Bushrod (George’s nephew), 193, 280
Washington, Butler (George’s half brother), 68
Washington, Charles (Mary’s son; George’s brother), 89, 94, 122, 129, 149, 156–57, 177–78, 193, 243–44
death of, 279–80
Mary’s will and, 269
Washington, Corbin (Mary’s grandson), 269
Washington, Elizabeth Betty (Mary’s daughter; George’s sister), 75, 89, 129, 152, 154–55. See also Lewis, Elizabeth “Betty” Washington
birth of, 94
Washington, Ella Bassett, 71
Washington, George
ancestors arrive in New World, 11, 31–32
anthrax and, 266
appearance of, 206–7
baptism of, 89–90, 92–93
biographies of, 7–8, 12, 26, 38, 46, 83, 84, 111, 113
birth of, 75–81, 285
Boston Tea Party and, 178–80
brother Charles’s children and, 156
brother John Augustine and, 156
brother Lawrence and, 68, 127–28
brother Samuel’s financial problems and, 155–56
buys Fredericksburg house for Mary, 163–64
capture of, at Fort Necessity, 141
cherry tree and garden tales and, 106–10, 127
childhood of, 83–95
childhood of, and Ferry Farm, 100–118
childhood of, and Little Hunting Creek (later Mount Vernon), 95–101
Christmas fire in birthplace of, 79–80
clothing of, as child, 87
clothing of, stolen by servants, 153
colonial resistance to British and, 173–74, 176–80, 185
colonial world of, 25
Constitutional Convention and, 245, 247, 249–50, 252–54
Continental Army commanded by, 189–94, 207, 210
Continental Congress and, 181–82, 184, 224, 234–35
death of, 279–82
death of brother John Augustine and, 243
death of brother Lawrence and, 138–39
death of father and, 2–3, 113–14, 119–20
death of Mary and, 163–64, 266–73
death of Mary’s horse and, 126–27
death of sister Mildred and, 112–13
Delaware crossing and, 210
difficult relationship with Mary, 2, 6–10, 120, 124–27, 157, 227–35
Dismal Swamp and, 235–36
early desire to join British navy and, 7–8, 129–35
early romance with Sally Fairfax, 8, 100
education of, 82–84, 121–24, 136–37
end of Revolutionary War and, 1–2, 223–24
family cemetery and, 80
father’s will and, 114–15
Ferry Farm inherited by, 104, 111–12, 114–15, 159
Ferry Farm sold by, 112–13, 280–81
Franklin and, 39
French and Indian War and, 140–49, 160, 166
genealogy of, 26–42
grave of, at Mount Vernon, 280
health of, 137
honors and, 2, 282
horsemanship and, 110
Indian lands and, 169
Lafayette and, 218, 232, 237–38, 245
legend and legacy of, 281–84
letters to Mary and, 279
marriage of, to Martha Dandridge, 124, 149–50, 225
Mary’s desire to stay at Ferry Farm and, 5, 158–61
Mary’s education and, 57–58
Mary’s finances and, 137, 186–87, 216–17, 243–45, 263–64, 272, 274–77
Mary’s house in Fredericksburg sold by, 276–77
Mary’s loyalty to Crown and, 4–5
Mary’s move to Fredericksburg from Ferry Farm and, 163
Mary’s old age and illness and, 243–44, 247–48, 255, 258–59
Mary’s will and, 268–69, 272, 274–77
Masons and, 161–62
maxims of civility and, 125–26
MM overprotectiveness and, 61
Mount Vernon and, 1, 225–29, 234–38, 244, 252–53, 261–62, 264
personality of, 2, 4, 207
portrait of, by Brumidi, 281
portrait of, by Edwin, 281
portrait of, by Pine 65
portrait of, by Sharples, 57
presidency of, 2, 266, 270, 275
presidency of, 260–61
reading and library of, 234
relationship with half brother Lawrence and, 121, 127–29
religion and, 91–92, 109, 239–40
resigns from Virginia militia, 124
Revolutionary War and, 4–5, 77, 188, 194–95, 206–7, 211–16, 225–26, 240
sails to Barbados with Lawrence, 133–34
sculpture of, by Greenough, 80, 281–82
slavery and, 19, 226, 236
slaves and, 187
smallpox and, 134
Stamp Act and, 171
surrender of Cornwallis and, 218–19
surveyor career and, 135
upbringing of and Mary’s legacy, 289–90
Valley Forge and, 93
Virginia House of Burgesses and, 166
visits to Mary, in later years, 177–78, 185, 219–21, 229–34, 235–37
visits to Mary, on eve of death, 262–64
will of, 280
Washington, George Augustine (George’s nephew), 156, 243–44, 252–54, 261–62
Washington, George Steptoe (Mary’s grandson; George’s nephew), 193
Washington, Hannah Bushrod (wife of John Augustine), 156, 269
Washington, Hannah Fairfax (George’s cousin), 95
Washington, Jane Butler (Augustine’s first wife), 68, 70
Washington, Jane (George’s half sister), 68, 112
Washington, John Augustine (Mary’s son; George’s brother), 89, 94, 122, 129, 137, 142–44, 156, 191, 193, 219, 227, 245
death of, 243, 280
Washington, John (George’s cousin), 155
Washington, John (George’s great grandfather, 1631–77), 40, 43–47, 141
elected to Virginia House of Burgesses, 45–46
emigrates to America, 44–45
marries Anne Pope, 45
Wakefield plantation of, 45
Washington, John (George’s uncle), 47, 67
Washington, Lawrence (George’s cousin), 7, 120, 132
Washington, Lawrence (George’s early ancestors sharing name), 40–45
Washington, Lawrence (George’s grandfather, 1659–98), 40, 43, 45, 47, 66–67
marries Mildred Warner, 47
Washington, Lawrence (George’s great great-uncle)
emigrates to America, 45
Washington, Lawrence (George’s half brother and mentor), 3, 41, 68, 130, 135, 155, 166
death and will of, 138–39, 221
death of Augustine and, 114
education of, 121
George’s relationship with, 68, 98–100, 121, 127–29, 136
marries Anne Fairfax, 128–29
sails to Barbados with George, 133–34
War of Jenkins’ Ear and, 3, 127–28
Washington, Lund (George’s cousin), 215, 226, 244
Washington, Margaret Butler (George’s ancestor), 43
Washington, Martha Dandridge Custis (George’s wife), 1, 119, 171, 191–92, 203, 215, 224
, 225, 226, 229, 234, 238, 249, 258
death of, 280
marries George Washington, 124, 149–50
Washington, Mary Ball, 288
alleged portrait of, 65–66
appearance of, 59–60, 64–66
Ball family and, 3
biographies of, 7–9, 283, 289
biographies of George and, 7–8
birth of, 3, 11, 37, 49–52
birth of daughter Elizabeth “Betty,” 80, 94
birth of daughter Mildred, and death in infancy, 80, 86, 112–13
birth of son Charles, 80
birth of son George and, 75–76, 78, 80–81
birth of son John Augustine, 80
birth of son Samuel, 80
births of children and, 73
childhood of, 13, 49–54
clothing and, 17, 52, 87
colonial life in Virginia and, 9, 13–25
contradictory remembrances of, 6–19
dancing and, 60
daughter Betty and, 75, 155
death and will of Augustine and, 2–4, 113–18, 121, 133
death and will of father and, 52–53, 70
death and will of mother and, 54–55, 58–59, 70
death of, 5, 8, 241, 242, 265–72
death of Eskridge and, 93–94
death of friend struck by lightning and, 74–75
death of horse of, 126–27
death of Samuel Bonum and, 60
death of son-in-law Fielding Lewis and, 221–222
death of son John Augustine and, 243
death of son Samuel and, 221
death of stepfather, 54
deaths of children and, 247
deaths of parents and guardians in youth, 61
early life of, after death of parents 58–63
education of, 55–59, 154
equestrian skills of, 59, 110
Eskridge as executor of mother’s will and, 58–59
fear of thunder and lightning and, 74–75, 180–81
Ferry Farm left by, for Fredericksburg house, 163–65
Ferry Farm life of, as widow, 3–4, 14–15, 119–39
Ferry Farm life of, George leaves for Mount Vernon, 151–55, 157–58
Ferry Farm life of, George urges her to leave, 158–63
Ferry Farm life of, with Augustine and children, 101–18
Ferry Farm sold by George, 163–64
finances and, allowance and gifts from George, 137–38, 177–78, 187, 216–17, 243–45, 263–64
finances and, debts left by, 274–75
Fredericksburg house of, sold to Charles Carter, 276–77
Fredericksburg life of, on eve of Revolution, 177, 180–82, 184–85
Fredericksburg life of, post-Revolution, 235, 240–41
Fredericksburg monument to, 284–88
genealogy of, 26–29
George’s command of Continental Army and, 190–95
George’s correspondence with, 5–6
George’s desire to join British navy and, 7–8, 129–35
George’s difficult relationship with, 2–10, 124–27, 129, 157, 279
George’s fighting in French and Indian War and, 141–49
Mary Ball Washington Page 37