bourgeois society opposed by, 88–89, 94, 113, 125, 130, 132
can capture political power through peaceful means, 165–66
dictatorship of, 92–93
Homo faber, 65–67, 78, 92, 94, 143
industrial proletariat, 134, 178, 188
and nationalist consciousness, 114–15
peasantry, 110, 166, 176–80, 188–89
Ten Regulations (Marx), 89–93, 96, 97, 142, 189
transformation of capitalism by, 88–89, 115, 125
as the universal class, 33–36, 60
property, 36–37, 69–73, 79–80, 89–93, 96–97, 117–18, 124, 142, 176–80, 189
prostitution, 71–72
Protocols of the Elders of Zion, 165
Proudhon, Joseph, 56, 59, 60, 132, 134, 162–63
Prussia, 6, 154
educational reform in, 14
emergence of professional civil service, 33
Jewish civil rights in, 6–7, 14
Marx’s renunciation of citizenship, 97
modern constitutional monarchy, 21
social reforms in, 14
surveillance of radical groups, 107
territorial expansion, 7
Putin, Vladimir, 190
Pyat, Felix, 154
Racowitza, Janko von, 126
raw communism, 70–71
Reagan, Ronald, 188
Rechtsphilosophie (Hegel), 20, 27–32
religion, 38–39, 76–77
reputation, Marx’s: at Berlin University, 16–17
Engels and, x–xi, 144, 147, 148, 184–85, 186
as genius, 55–56
in London, 124, 126, 133, 149, 152–53, 159–62, 183, 186
in Paris Commune (1871), 159–60, 161, 175
publication of Das Kapital, 143
Die Revolution (New York), 111
revolutionary terrorism, 20, 62–63, 164–66, 167, 178, 180
revolutions of 1848–49: in Berlin, 95
in Budapest, 95, 114, 150
creation of large nation-states after, 152
February Revolution, 82, 95, 112
Marx on, 95, 108–10, 112–14, 130–31
Neue Rheinische Zeitung (NRZ), 97, 98, 99, 114
Paris workers and, 98
in Prague, 114, 150
Russian intervention in, 150, 180
in Vienna, 95, 150
Rheinische Zeitung (RZ), 22–24, 26–27, 33, 97
Rhineland, 3–8, 9–10, 146
Riesser, Gabriel, 50, 51
Robespierre, Maximilien, 62
Rome, 62–63, 176, 177
Rom und Jerusalem: Die lettzte Nationalitäten Frage [Rome and Jerusalem: The Last Nationality Question] (Hess), 47–48, 114
Roosevelt, Franklin D., 187
Rothschild, Lionel, 54, 165
Ruge, Arnold, 16, 25, 26, 53–54, 56, 69
Russia: Bakunin and, 56, 59, 162–65
communist society in, 175–76, 178–81, 188–89
Crimean War, 150
in European politics, 98–99, 149–51, 191
Five-Year Plans, 189
industrialization in, 176–81
influence of Marx’s ideology in, 175–76, 178–81, 188–90
peasantry, 178–79, 188–89
Polish insurrection (1863), 132, 135, 150
revolutionary movement in, 164, 178, 188–89
Stalinism, 189, 190, 200
Treaty of Brest-Litovsk, 189–90
village commune (obshchina), 176–80
Russian Revolution (1917), 84, 164, 188, 189
Saint-Just, Louis de, 62
Saint-Simonians, 21, 59
Savigny, Friedrich Karl von, 14, 24
Schelling, Friedrich, 27
Schleiermacher, Friedrich, 14
Second International, 137–38
Second Reform Act (1867), 167
Sedan, Battle of, 152
Selected Correspondence (Marx), 200
Selected Works (Marx and Engels), 192, 200
Serailler, Auguste, 153–54
sexual relations, 71–73
Sieyès, Emmanuel Joseph, Abbé, 34
slavery, 135, 183–84
Smith, Adam, 29, 31, 65, 139
social class: and alienation, 65–68, 70, 86–87, 140–41, 191
bureaucracy as, 33
class structure in France, 109–12
Hegel’s theory of, 32–33
Marx’s theory of, 34–36, 78–81, 85, 88–89, 92–93
mode of production and, 79–80
and nationalism, 47–48, 95–97, 112–16
nationalist consciousness, 114
social position, 129–30
and support for French provisional government, 156
universal class, 33–36, 60
Social Democratic Labor Party (Russia), 178
Social Democratic Workers Party (SPD, Germany), x, 109, 133, 168–71, 189–90
Social Democratic Workers Party (Russia), 84–85
socialism. See communism
social upheaval [Umwältzung], 166–67
Society for the Culture and Study of the Jews, 18–19
Soviet Union, 189, 190–91
Spencer, Edward Beesly, 132
Spinoza, Benedict, 20, 21, 55
spiritualism, 61, 62
Stalinism, 189, 190, 200
Statism and Anarchy (Bakunin), 164–66
Stein, Karl vom, 6, 23
Stieber, Wilhelm, 159
Stirner, Max, 50
Strauss, David Friedrich, 21
Ten Hours Bill, 134
Ten Regulations (Marx), 89–93, 96, 97, 142, 189
Thatcher, Margaret, 188
Theses on Feuerbach (Marx), 60, 61, 75, 76, 78
Thiers, Adolphe, 154, 156
Third World industrial production, 117–20, 188
“To an Apostate” (Heine), 19
Tocqueville, Alexis de, 43
“Toward a Critique of Hegel’s Philosophy of Right: An Introduction” (Marx), 27–29, 34–35, 37–38, 64, 76
trade unions, 187, 192
Treaty of Brest-Litovsk, 189–90
Trier, 3, 5, 10–11, 15, 25, 42, 49, 51–52
Tschernichovsky, Shaul, 168
Umwältzung (social upheaval), 166–67
United States: American exceptionalism, 113
Civil War, 135
General Council relocated to New York, 164
German Forty-Eighters in, 106
IWA headquarters in, 137, 162
Lincoln as president, 136
Marx’s writing in, 107, 111, 116, 122, 138, 166, 194, 199
New Deal, 187
religion in, 43, 47
slavery in, 135
universal class, 33–36, 60
utopianism, 69, 93, 131, 142, 146, 169
Verein für Kultur und Wissenschaft der Juden (Society for the Culture and Study of the Jews), 18–19
village commune (obshchina), 176–80
voting rights, 167, 168
wage labor, 67–68, 71, 98, 128, 138, 170–71, 188
“Wage Labor and Capital” (Marx), 98
water resources, control of, 117–18
Weitling, Wilhelm, 26
Westphalen, Edgar von, 15
Westphalen, Ferdinand von, 15
Westphalen, Jenny von (Marx’s wife), 15, 24–25, 102–3, 108, 163, 183
Westphalen, Ludwig von, 15, 22
Willich, August, 106
Wolff, Wilhelm, 96, 108
women, 71–72, 124
Woodhull & Claflin’s Weekly, 167
workers and working class: alienation of, 64, 67–69, 80, 86–87
Condition of the Working Class in England (Engels), 19, 60
dehumanization under capitalism, 67–68, 80, 86–87
education for, 82, 142
in France, 82, 95, 98, 109–10, 152, 158
Freiligrath’s poem on, 99
General German Workers Association (ADAV), 125, 132, 158, 168�
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as Homo faber, 65–67, 78, 92, 94, 143
political power of, 132, 166–67, 192
protective reforms, 92, 134, 187–88
German Social Democratic Party (SPD) and, x, 109, 133, 168–71, 189–90
transition from capitalism to socialism, 169–71
wage labor, 67–68, 71, 98, 128, 138, 170–71, 188. See also International Workingmen’s Association
Workers Educational Association, 82
world market, creation of, 87–88, 114
Young Hegelians, 16, 25–27, 38–40, 49–53, 56, 60–62, 76, 78, 140
Zasulich, Vera, 178–79
Zionism, 47–48, 114, 115, 172
Zunz, Leopold, 18
Zusätze [Additions] to Rechtsphilosophie (Hegel), 20
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Karl Marx Page 23