by Dave Asprey
30.Yue-Feng Chen and Martin Gerdes, “Deadly Connection: Hypothyroidism and Heart Disease,” Diagnostic and Interventional Cardiology, March 15, 2007, https://www.dicardiology.com/article/deadly-connection-hypothyroidism-and-heart-disease.
CHAPTER 10: YOUR TEETH ARE A WINDOW TO THE NERVOUS SYSTEM
1.Barbara Gefvert, “Medical Lasers/Neuroscience: Photobiomodulation and the Brain: Traumatic Brain Injury and Beyond,” BioOptics World, May 9, 2016, https://www.bioopticsworld.com/articles/print/volume-9/issue-5/medical-lasers-neuroscience-photobiomodulation-and-the-brain-traumatic-brain-injury-and-beyond.html.
2.Lydia E. Kuo et al., “Chronic Stress, Combined with a High-Fat/High-Sugar Diet, Shifts Sympathetic Signaling Toward Neuropeptide Y and Leads to Obesity and the Metabolic Syndrome,” Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences 1148 (December 2008): 232–37, https://doi.org/10.1196/annals.1410.035.
3.Keith N. Frayn, “Visceral Fat and Insulin Resistance—Causative or Correlative?,” British Journal of Nutrition 83, Supplement 1 (March 2000): S71–77, https://doi.org/10.1017/S0007114500000982.
4.Ken Kishida et al., “Relationships Between Circulating Adiponectin Levels and Fat Distribution in Obese Subjects,” Journal of Atherosclerosis and Thrombosis 18, no. 7 (2011): 592–95, https://doi.org/10.5551/jat.7625.
5.Yumi Matsushita et al., “Adiponectin and Visceral Fat Associate with Cardiovascular Risk Factors,” Obesity 21 (2014): 287–91, https://doi.org/10.1002/oby.20425.
6.Jeb S. Orr et al., “Large Artery Stiffening with Weight Gain in Humans: Role of Visceral Fat Accumulation,” Hypertension 51, no. 6 (June 2008): 1519–24, https://doi.org/10.1161/HYPERTENSIONAHA.108.112946.
7.Christopher K. Kepler et al., “Substance P Stimulates Production of Inflammatory Cytokines in Human Disc Cells,” Spine 38, no. 21 (October 1, 2013): E1291–99, https://doi.org/10.1097/BRS.0b013e3182a42bc2.
8.Mengmeng Zhan et al., “Upregulated Expression of Substance P (SP) and NK1R in Eczema and SP-Induced Mast Cell Accumulation,” Cell Biology and Toxicology 33, no. 4 (August 2017): 389–405, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10565-016-9379-0; Beni Amatya et al., “Expression of Tachykinins and Their Receptors in Plaque Psoriasis with Pruritus,” British Journal of Dermatology 164, no. 5 (May 2011): 1023–29, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.2011.10241.x.
9.Terence M. O’Connor et al., “The Role of Substance P in Inflammatory Disease,” Journal of Cellular Physiology 201, no. 2 (November 2004): 167–80, https://doi.org/10.1002/jcp.20061.
10.Miguel Muñoz and Rafael Coveñas, “Involvement of Substance P and the NK-1 Receptor in Cancer Progression,” Peptides 48 (October 2013): 1–9, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.peptides.2013.07.024.
11.Pranela Rameshwar and Pedro Gascón, “Substance P (SP) Mediates Production of Stem Cell Factor and Interleukin-1 in Bone Marrow Stroma: Potential Autoregulatory Role for These Cytokines in SP Receptor Expression and Induction,” Blood 86, no. 2 (July 1995): 482–90, https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7541664.
12.Thomas F. Burks, Stephen H. Buck, and Matthew S. Miller, “Mechanisms of Depletion of Substance P by Capsaicin,” Federation Proceedings 44, no. 9 (1985): 2531–34, https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2581820.
13.P. Anand and Keith Bley, “Topical Capsaicin for Pain Management: Therapeutic Potential and Mechanisms of Action of the New High-Concentration Capsaicin 8% Patch,” British Journal of Anaesthesia 107, no. 4 (October 2011): 490–502, https://doi.org/10.1093/bja/aer260.
14.Sharath Asokan et al., “Effect of Oil Pulling on Streptococcus mutans Count in Plaque and Saliva Using Dentocult SM Strip Mutans Test: A Randomized, Controlled, Triple-Blind Study,” Journal of Indian Society of Pedodontics and Preventive Dentistry 26, no. 1 (March 2008): 12–17, https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18408265.
15.Sharath Asokan, Raghuraman Chamundeswari, and Pamela Emmadi, “Effect of Oil Pulling on Plaque Induced Gingivitis: A Randomized, Controlled, Triple-Blind Study,” Indian Journal of Dental Research 20, no. 1 (January 2009): 47–51, https://doi.org/10.4103/0970-9290.49067.
16.Asokan, Chamundeswari, and Emmadi, “Effect of Oil Pulling.”
17.M. K. Nair et al., “Antibacterial Effect of Caprylic Acid and Monocaprylin on Major Bacterial Mastitis Pathogens,” Journal of Dairy Science 88, no. 10 (October 2005): 3488–95, https://doi.org/10.3168/jds.S0022-0302(05)73033-2.
18.Foundation of the National Lipid Association, Learn Your Lipids, http://www.learnyourlipids.com/lipids/.
19.Radka Hulankova, Gabriela Borilova, and Iva Steinhauserova, “Combined Antimicrobial Effect of Oregano Essential Oil and Caprylic Acid in Minced Beef,” Meat Science 95, no. 2 (October 2013): 190–94, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.meatsci.2013.05.003.
CHAPTER 11: HUMANS ARE WALKING PETRI DISHES
1.Vienna E. Brunt et al., “Suppression of the Gut Microbiome Ameliorates Age-Related Arterial Dysfunction and Oxidative Stress in Mice,” Journal of Physiology 597, no. 9 (May 2019): 2361–78, https://doi.org/10.1113/JP277336.
2.Ron Sender, Shai Fuchs, and Ron Milo, “Revised Estimates for the Number of Human and Bacteria Cells in the Body,” PLoS Biology 14, no. 8 (August 19, 2016): e1002533, https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pbio.1002533.
3.Jeremy E. Koenig et al., “Succession of Microbial Consortia in the Developing Infant Gut Microbiome,” Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the USA 108, Supplement 1 (March 15, 2011): 4578–85, https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1000081107.
4.Martin J. Wolff, Mara J. Broadhurst, and Png Loke, “Helminthic Therapy: Improving Mucosal Barrier Function,” Trends in Parasitology 28, no. 5 (May 2012): 187–94, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pt.2012.02.008.
5.Helena Helmby, “Human Helminth Therapy to Treat Inflammatory Disorders—Where Do We Stand?,” BMC Immunology 16, no. 12 (March 26, 2015), https://doi.org/10.1186/s12865-015-0074-3.
6.Grace Rattue, “Autoimmune Disease Rates Increasing,” Medical News Today, June 22, 2012, https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/246960.php.
7.Mitsuharu Matsumoto et al., “Longevity in Mice Is Promoted by Probiotic-Induced Suppression of Colonic Senescence Dependent on Upregulation of Gut Bacterial Polyamine Production,” PLoS One 6, no. 8 (2011): e23652, https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0023652.
8.Maria G. Dominguez-Bello et al., “Delivery Mode Shapes the Acquisition and Structure of the Initial Microbiota Across Multiple Body Habitats in Newborns,” Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the USA 107 (June 29, 2010): 11971–75, https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1002601107.
9.Prescilla V. Jeurink et al., “Human Milk: A Source of More Life Than We Imagine,” Beneficial Microbes 4, no. 1 (March 2013): 17–30, https://doi.org/10.3920/BM2012.0040.
10.Meghan B. Azad et al., “Gut Microbiota of Healthy Canadian Infants: Profiles by Mode of Delivery and Infant Diet at 4 Months,” Canadian Medical Association Journal 185, no. 5 (March 19, 2013): 385–94, https://doi.org/10.1503/cmaj.121189.
11.Koenig et al., “Succession of Microbial Consortia.”
12.Quang N. Nguyen et al., “The Impact of the Gut Microbiota on Humoral Immunity to Pathogens and Vaccination in Early Infancy,” PLoS Pathogens 12, no. 2 (December 2016): e1005997, https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.ppat.1005997.
13.Evalotte Decker, Mathias Hornef, and Silvia Stockinger, “Cesarean Delivery Is Associated with Celiac Disease but Not Inflammatory Bowel Disease in Children,” Gut Microbes 2 (2011): 91–98, https://doi.org/10.4161/gmic.2.2.15414.
14.Amy Langdon, Nathan Crook, and Gautam Dantas, “The Effects of Antibiotics on the Microbiome Throughout Development and Alternative Approaches for Therapeutic Modulation,” Genome Medicine 8 (2016): 39, https://doi.org/10.1186/s13073-016-0294-z.
15.Robert J. Ferrante et al., “Histone Deacetylase Inhibition by Sodium Butyrate Chemotherapy Ameliorates the Neurodegenerative Phenotype in Huntington’s Disease Mice,” Journal of Neuroscience 23, no. 28 (October 15, 2003): 9418–27, https://doi.org/10.1523/JNEUROSCI.23-28-09418.2003.
16.Mingyao Ying et al., “Sodium Butyrate Ameli
orates Histone Hypoacetylation and Neurodegenerative Phenotypes in a Mouse Model for DRPLA,” Journal of Biological Chemistry 281, no. 18 (May 5, 2006): 12580–86, https://doi.org/10.1074/jbc.M511677200.
17.Will Chu, “Review Reiterates Fibre’s Prebiotic Benefits in Warding Off Stroke and Diabetes,” NUTRAingredients.com, January 11, 2019, https://www.nutraingredients.com/Article/2019/01/09/Review-reiterates-fibre-s-prebiotic-benefits-in-warding-off-stroke-and-diabetes.
18.Katie A. Meyer et al., “Carbohydrates, Dietary Fiber, and Incident Type 2 Diabetes in Older Women,” American Journal of Clinical Nutrition 71, no. 4 (April 2000): 921–30, https://doi.org/10.1093/ajcn/71.4.921.
19.Yikyung Park et al., “Dietary Fiber Intake and Risk of Breast Cancer in Postmenopausal Women: The National Institutes of Health–AARP Diet and Health Study,” American Journal of Clinical Nutrition 90, no. 3 (September 2009): 664–71, https://doi.org/10.3945/ajcn.2009.27758.
20.James M. Lattimer and Mark D. Haub, “Effects of Dietary Fiber and Its Components on Metabolic Health,” Nutrients 2, no. 12 (December 2010): 1266–89, https://doi.org/10.3390/nu2121266.
21.Chunye Chen et al., “Therapeutic Effects of Soluble Dietary Fiber Consumption on Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus,” Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine 12, no. 2 (August 2016): 1232–42, https://doi.org/10.3892/etm.2016.3377.
22.Chen et al., “Therapeutic Effects.”
23.Karin de Punder and Leo Pruimboom, “The Dietary Intake of Wheat and Other Cereal Grains and Their Role in Inflammation,” Nutrients 5, no. 3 (2013): 771–87, https://doi.org/10.3390/nu5030771.
24.A. Pusztai et al., “Antinutritive Effects of Wheat-Germ Agglutinin and Other N-Acetylglucosamine-Specific Lectins,” British Journal of Nutrition 70, no. 1 (July 1993): 313–21, https://doi.org/10.1079/BJN19930124.
25.Martinette T. Streppel et al., “Dietary Fiber Intake in Relation to Coronary Heart Disease and All-Cause Mortality over 40 y: The Zutphen Study,” American Journal of Clinical Nutrition 88, no. 4 (October 2008): 1119–25, https://doi.org/10.1093/ajcn/88.4.1119.
26.Park et al., “Dietary Fiber Intake.”
27.Diane E. Threapleton et al., “Dietary Fibre Intake and Risk of Cardiovascular Disease: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis,” BMJ 347 (December 19, 2013): f6879, https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.f6879.
28.David L. Topping, Michihiro Fukushima, and Anthony R. Bird, “Resistant Starch as a Prebiotic and Synbiotic: State of the Art,” Proceedings of the Nutrition Society 62, no. 1 (February 2003): 171–76, https://doi.org/10.1079/PNS2002224.
29.Akbar Aliasgharzadeh et al., “Resistant Dextrin, as a Prebiotic, Improves Insulin Resistance and Inflammation in Women with Type 2 Diabetes: A Randomised Controlled Clinical Trial,” British Journal of Nutrition 113, no. 2 (January 28, 2015): 321–30, https://doi.org/10.1017/S0007114514003675.
30.University of Colorado Denver, “Diet of Resistant Starch Helps the Body Resist Colorectal Cancer,” ScienceDaily, February 19, 2013, www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2013/02/130219140716.htm.
31.Kevin C. Maki et al., “Resistant Starch from High-Amylose Maize Increases Insulin Sensitivity in Overweight and Obese Men,” Journal of Nutrition 142, no. 4 (April 2012): 717–23, https://doi.org/10.3945/jn.111.152975.
32.Christopher L. Gentile et al., “Resistant Starch and Protein Intake Enhances Fat Oxidation and Feelings of Fullness in Lean and Overweight/Obese Women,” Nutrition Journal 14 (October 29, 2015): 113, https://doi.org/10.1186/s12937-015-0104–2.
33.Akira Andoh et al., “Comparison of the Gut Microbial Community Between Obese and Lean Peoples Using 16S Gene Sequencing in a Japanese Population,” Journal of Clinical Biochemistry and Nutrition 59, no. 1 (July 2016): 65–70, https://doi.org/10.3164/jcbn.15-152.
34.Andoh et al., “Comparison.”
35.Peter J. Turnbaugh et al., “A Core Gut Microbiome in Obese and Lean Twins,” Nature 457, no. 7228 (January 22, 2009): 480–84, https://doi.org/10.1038/nature07540.
36.Saskia Van Hemert et al., “The Role of the Gut Microbiota in Mood and Behavior. Whether Psychobiotics Can Become an Alternative in Therapy in Psychiatry?,” European Psychiatry 33, Supplement (March 2016): S26, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eurpsy.2016.01.842.
37.Alessio Fasano, “Leaky Gut and Autoimmune Diseases,” Clinical Reviews in Allergy and Immunology 42, no. 1 (February 2012): 71–78, https://doi.org/10.1007/s12016-011-8291-x.
38.Bjoern O. Schroeder et al., “Bifidobacteria or Fiber Protects Against Diet-Induced Microbiota-Mediated Colonic Mucus Deterioration,” Cell Host & Microbe 23, no. 1 (January 10, 2018): P27–40, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chom.2017.11.004.
39.Van Hemert et al., “Role of the Gut Microbiota.”
40.Alper Evrensel and Mehmet Emin Ceylan, “The Gut-Brain Axis: The Missing Link in Depression,” Clinical Psychopharmacology and Neuroscience 13, no. 3 (December 31, 2015): 239–44, https://doi.org/10.9758/cpn.2015.13.3.239.
41.Andrew H. Moeller et al., “Social Behavior Shapes the Chimpanzee Pan-Microbiome,” Science Advances 2, no. 1 (January 15, 2016): e1500997, https://doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.1500997.
42.James Gallagher, “How Bacteria Are Changing Your Mood,” BBC News, April 24, 2018, https://www.bbc.com/news/health-43815370.
43.Kirsten Tillisch et al., “Brain Structure and Response to Emotional Stimuli as Related to Gut Microbial Profiles in Healthy Women,” Psychosomatic Medicine 79, no. 8 (October 2017): 905–13, https://doi.org/10.1097/PSY.0000000000000493.
44.Michael T. Bailey et al., “Exposure to a Social Stressor Alters the Structure of the Intestinal Microbiota: Implications for Stressor-Induced Immunomodulation,” Brain, Behavior, and Immunity 25, no. 3 (March 2011): 397–407, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bbi.2010.10.023.
45.Peter C. Konturek, Thomas Brzozowski, and S. J. Konturek, “Stress and the Gut: Pathophysiology, Clinical Consequences, Diagnostic Approach and Treatment Options,” Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology 62, no. 6 (December 2011): 591–99, https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22314561.
46.Martin F. Graham et al., “Collagen Synthesis by Human Intestinal Smooth Muscle Cells in Culture,” Gastroenterology 92, no. 2 (February 1987): 400–05, https://doi.org/10.1016/0016-5085(87)90134-X.
PART III: HEAL LIKE A DEITY
1.Vanessa McMains, “Johns Hopkins Study Suggests Medical Errors Are the Third Leading Cause of Death in U.S,” Hub, Johns Hopkins University, May 3, 2016, https://hub.jhu.edu/2016/05/03/medical-errors-third-leading-cause-of-death/.
CHAPTER 12: VIRGIN CELLS AND VAMPIRE BLOOD
1.Karen L. Herbst and Thomas Rutledge, “Pilot Study: Rapidly Cycling Hypobaric Pressure Improves Pain After 5 Days in Adiposis Dolorosa,” Journal of Pain Research 3 (August 20, 2010): 147–53, https://doi.org/10.2147/JPR.S12351.
2.Rex E. Newnham, “Essentiality of Boron for Health Bones and Joints,” Environmental Health Perspectives 102, Supplement 7 (November 1994): 83–85, https://doi.org/10.1289/ehp.94102s783.
3.Selami Demirci et al., “Boron Increases the Cell Viability of Mesenchymal Stem Cells After Long-Term Cryopreservation,” Cryobiology 68, no. 1 (February 2014): 139–46, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cryobiol.2014.01.010.
4.George Dan Mogoşanu et al., “Calcium Fructoborate for Bone and Cardiovascular Health,” Biological Trace Element Research 172, no. 2 (August 2016): 277–81, https://doi.org/10.1007/s12011-015-0590-2; Zbigniew Pietrzkowski et al., “Short-Term Efficacy of Calcium Fructoborate on Subjects with Knee Discomfort: A Comparative, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Clinical Study,” Clinical Interventions in Aging 9 (June 5, 2014): 895–99, https://doi.org/10.2147/CIA.S64590.
5.Ezgi Avşar Abdik et al., “Suppressive Role of Boron on Adipogenic Differentiation and Fat Deposition in Human Mesenchymal Stem Cells,” Biological Trace Element Research 188, no. 2 (April 2019): 384–92, https://doi.org/10.1007/s12011-018-1428-5.
6.Anne Trafton, “Fasting Boosts Stem Cells’ Regenerative Capacity,” MIT News, May 3, 2018, http://news.mit.edu/2018/fasting-boosts-stem-cells-regenerative-capacity-0503.
<
br /> 7.Massimiliano Cerletti et al., “Short-Term Calorie Restriction Enhances Skeletal Muscle Stem Cell Function,” Cell Stem Cell 10, no. 5 (May 4, 2012): P515–519, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.stem.2012.04.002.
8.Ting Lo et al., “Glucose Reduction Prevents Replicative Senescence and Increases Mitochondrial Respiration in Human Mesenchymal Stem Cells,” Cell Transplantation 30, no. 6 (2011): 813–25, https://doi.org/10.3727/096368910X539100.
9.Maria Carmen Valero et al., “Eccentric Exercise Facilitates Mesenchymal Stem Cell Appearance in Skeletal Muscle,” PLoS One 7, no. 1 (January 11, 2012): e29760, https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0029760.
10.Joerg Hucklenbroich et al., “Aromatic-Turmerone Induces Neural Stem Cell Proliferation in vitro and in vivo,” Stem Cell Research & Therapy 5, no. 4 (September 26, 2014): 100, https://doi.org/10.1186/scrt500.
11.Dong Suk Yoon et al., “SIRT1 Directly Regulates SOX2 to Maintain Self-Renewal and Multipotency in Bone Marrow-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells,” Stem Cells 32, no. 12 (December 2014): 3219–31, https://doi.org/10.1002/stem.1811.
12.“Natural Ways to Increase Stem Cell Activity,” Stem Cell The Magazine, October 18, 2017, https://stemcellthemagazine.com/2017/10/natural-ways-to-increase-stem-cell-activity/.
13.Tsung-Jung Ho et al., “Tai Chi Intervention Increases Progenitor CD34(+) Cells in Young Adults,” Cell Transplantation 23, no. 4–5 (2014): 613–20, https://doi.org/10.3727/096368914X678355.
14.Koh, “A Good Night’s Sleep Keeps Your Stem Cells Young,” dkfz (Deutsches Krebsforschungszentrum), February 18, 2015, https://www.dkfz.de/en/presse/pressemitteilungen/2015/dkfz-pm-15-08-A-good-nights-sleep-keeps-your-stem-cells-young.php; Hoda Elkhenany, “Tissue Regeneration: Impact of Sleep on Stem Cell Regenerative Capacity,” Life Sciences 214 (December 1, 2018): 51–61, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.lfs.2018.10.057.
15.Ilan Gruenwald et al., “Shockwave Treatment of Erectile Dysfunction,” Therapeutic Advances in Urology 5, no. 2 (April 2013): 95–9, https://doi.org/10.1177/1756287212470696.
16.Michaela Z. Ratajczak et al., “Very Small Embryonic-Like Stem Cells (VSELs) Represent a Real Challenge in Stem Cell Biology: Recent Pros and Cons in the Midst of a Lively Debate,” Leukemia 28 (2014): 473–84, https://doi.org/10.1038/leu.2013.255.