by Rod Ellis
236n5
239n3
Swan, M.249
285–6
Syder, F.82
symbolism171–2
176
191
system-learning248
systematic variation10
326g
systemic-functional instruction250
T
Talmy, S.233
234–5
TAP see Transfer Appropriate Processing
Tarone, E.10
98–9
98f
100–1
107
114n1
130
task-based language teaching (TBLT)44
272–3
326g
focused tasks274
input-based tasks274–7
output-based tasks274
277–84
research involving tasks284–5
tasks, task performance, and acquisition273–4
273f
unfocused tasks274
task complexity285
task rehearsal282–3
task variables270–1
tasks326g
Tavakoli, P.278–9
289n5
Taylor, B.131
132
Teachability Hypothesis252–3
262
326g
teacher talk148
326g
tense-aspect system78–9
Terrell, T.252
testing228
239n5
text enhancement151–2
153–4
Theory of Instructed Language Learning16–17
244t
Thomas, J.88
Thorne, S.213–14
265n3
token frequency13
187
326g
Tokowicz, N.135
Tomasello, M.260
Tomita, Y.262
286
Tomlin, R.183–4
186
Total Physical Response Method (TPR)251
Towell, R. et al.112
113t
Trade-off Hypothesis269
279
326g
Trahey, M.153–4
Transfer Appropriate Processing (TAP)18
191–2
244t
249
250
258
326g
Transfer to Nowhere Principle133
326g
Transfer to Somewhere Principle132–3
326–7g
transitional constructions91
327g
translanguaging230
transnational identity231
327g
Triadic Framework for Task Classification271
Trofimovich, P. et al.106–7
107f
Trude, A.135
Truscott, J.185
Tseng, W. et al.46
59
Tudor, I.60
turn-taking224
327g
type frequency13
187
327g
U
U-shaped pattern of development75
85
93
101
327g
Ullman, M.199
unenhanced input151–2
Universal Acquisition Hypothesis213
217
297
298
327g
Universal Grammar (UG)172
175–6
179
199
203n3
327g
usage-based theories65–6
82
94n2
194
196
298
327g
Ushioda, E.50
52–3
54
V
VanPatten, B.94
186
187
187t
192
252
254
255
256
VARBRUL99–100
Varela, E.162
166
variability in learner language10–11
97–8
Dynamic Paradigm97
105–9
112
113
free variation10
105
112
113t
298
and sequence of acquisition112
113–14
sociolinguistic competence66
114
115n5
sources of variation114
variationist sociolinguistics98–105
conclusion111–14
298–9 see also Dynamic Systems Theory
variable rules97
99
327
variationist sociolinguistics97
98
linguistic context99
102–3
multiple influences99–100
103–5
112
SLA research100–5
speech styles98–9
100–2
variable rules97
99
Varonis, E.150t
Vasquez, C.310
verbalization173t
vernacular style10
98
327
Veronique, G.238
vertical variability106
327
Verspoor, M. et al. see Dynamic Systems Theory
Villa, V.183–5
186
visuo-spatial sketchpad45
181
vocabulary see L2 lexicon
Vygotsky, L.20
94
213–14
217
250
W
Wagner, J.19
20
205
209–10
211
223–4
225
226–7
228
238–9
305
Wang, Z.289n7
weak interface position191
203n4
243
259
261
263–4
327g
Weiner, B.50
Wenger, E.232
Wesche, M.41
White, L.153–4
176
Widdowson, H. G.10
112
Williams, J.45
94
190
242
Williams, M.50
Willing, K.39t
Winitz, H.251–2
Winke, P.200
Wode, H. et al.79
85
87
132
Wong-Fillmore, L.82–3
Wong, S.229
Wooffitt, R.224
working memory44
45
164–5
181
186
327–8g
Wray, A.81
Y
Yashima, T.61n3
Yilmaz, Y.163
Yoshida, M.87
Young, R.100
103–4
150t
227
Yuan, F.277
283
289n7
Z
Zhang, X.311n1
Ziegler, N.158
zone of proximal development (ZPD)20–1
217–19
218t
328g
Zuengler, J.233
Zweitspracherwerb Italienischer und Spanischer Arbeiter (ZISA) project76–8
76t
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