Body Exchange Jizo. See Migawari Jizo
boredom, 74, 79, 126, 154
Catholic, 4-6, 10-11, 141
child abandonment, 41
child abuse, xxiii-xxv, 57, 77, 173, 180, 182
Child Granting Jizo. See Ko-sazuke Jizo
child monk, 6-7, 60
Child Rearing Jizo. See Ko-sodate Jizo
children’s toys, 3, 48, 65, 105
China, ix, xviii, xxi, 19, 22, 24-25, 28, 35, 46, 50, 59, 60-61, 64, 79, 81, 90, 95, 96-106, 107, 109, 147, 149, 150, 151, 184, 192-93, 220
Chinrezi. See Kannon Bodhisattva
Chiu-hua Mountain (Nine Flower Mountain), 103-5
Christianity, 4, 5-7, 42, 101, 107-9, 118, 127, 219
Christopher, Saint, 5-6
cintamani (or mani) jewel, ii, 17, 18, 30, 102, 106, 110-111, 112, 157-63, 249-50
compassion, ix, x, xi, xvi, xvii, 5, 7, 14, 26, 44, 46, 57, 74, 85, 89, 92, 102, 104, 112, 117, 121-22, 125, 131, 133, 168, 182, 197, 212, 215, 219, 224, 236, 242, 248, 251
Confucianism, 25, 26, 99, 161-62
contraception, 39, 43
cosmology, 24, 25, 99, 108, 167, 222
cruel parents or stepparents, 67-68, 202
Datsuba, 63, 64
death, xiii, xx, xxiv, xxv, xxvi, 2, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 29, 34, 36, 39, 40-41, 42, 45, 46, 52-56, 57, 60, 61, 62-64, 83, 93, 97, 98-100, 108, 109, 134, 138, 144, 152, 172, 174, 175, 181-82, 185, 189, 192, 193, 195, 201, 203, 204, 21, 214, 215, 221-22, 223, 226, 233-37, 240, 242, 247
degenerate era. See mappo
dharani, 28, 50, 207-10, 214, 222, 223, 223, 237
Dharma, xii, xiii, xv, xviii, xxi, xxiv, 8, 25, 30, 68, 80, 87, 90, 96, 97, 103, 110, 111, 112, 19, 120, 123, 125, 131, 145, 146, 147, 148, 150, 151, 153-54, 155, 156, 157-58, 162, 170, 171, 172, 175, 179, 181, 195, 198, 199, 204, 210, 211, 239-42, 243, 247
Dōgen Zenji, xxi, 76, 126, 141, 144, 157, 163, 191
Dropping Dead Suddenly Jizo. See Pokkuri Jizo and Kannon
Earth Store Bodhisattva, xi, x, xi-xiii, xiv, 24, 60-61, 67, 81, 84, 98, 103, 105, 10, 172, 173, 187-88, 189-90, 191-205, 207, 208, 210-1, 212-14, 216, 217-18, 221, 222-23, 224-28, 229-31, 232
Earth Store Sutra (Sutra on the Past Vows of Earth Store Bodhisattva), v, ix-xiv, 60-61, 67-68, 81, 84, 98, 103, 105, 172, 173, 187, 189, 190, 192-94, 195-96, 202-3, 207, 21, 212-14, 216, 217-18, 221, 222-23, 224, 225, 231, 232
Earth Womb Bodhisattva, 24, 81, 191. See also Earth Store Bodhisattva
Easy Child Birth Jizo. See Koyasu Jizo
Eight Great Bodhisattvas, 7, 96, 106, 110
Eightfold Path, 179
Enmei Jizo-kyo (Sutra on the Bodhisattva Enmei Jizo), 107, 207
Enmei Juku Kannon Gyo (Sutra of Compassion), 237
Ennin, Abbot, 65
equanimity, 92-93, 153, 174, 224-25, 226
Eugenics Protection Act, 42-43
Eye Restoring Jizo. See Meyame Jizo
faith, xi, xv, xix, 7, 28, 45, 72, 80, 102-3, 107, 131-32, 139, 215, 225, 246
feminine, protecting, 84-93,
feminine origins of Jizo, xviii, 7, 81-84, 194
fertility, 2, 22-23, 24, 40, 85
festival for the dead. See Obon
fetus, xxv, 13, 13, 34, 38, 40-41, 42-43, 44, 45-46, 56, 57, 85-86
five destinations, 166
five offerings, 48, 217
Flower Adornment (Avatamsaka) Sutra, ix Four Noble Truths, 145, 179
Four Great Bodhisattva Vows, 201, 211
Gacha Gacha Jizo, 35
Gensha, Master, 163
god realm. See asura realm
Golden Legende, The, 5-6
grief, xi, xxiv, xxv, 4, 11-12, 36, 37, 44, 52, 54, 57-58, 61, 65, 68, 89, 140, 175, 200, 210, 234, 251
Gunaratna, 92
Gyōgi Bosatsu, 26-28
Haggard Gotami. See Kisagotami
Hakuin, Master, 143, 167-68, 243-46
Hara obi Jizo (Belly Band or Stomach Wrapper Jizo), 85
Harada Roshi, Daiun, 174
Harada Roshi, Shodo, xx, 27-28, 93, 123, 129, 220
harassment, sexual, 91
Heart Sutra (Heart of Perfect Wisdom Sutra), xxv, 5, 50, 236-37
heaven and heavenly realm, ix, 23, 34, 36, 42, 44, 56, 67, 72, 102-3, 111, 133, 147, 155, 167-68, 170, 183, 185-90, 193, 195, 230, 241
hell and hell realm, ix, x, xi, xix, xx, 7, 18, 25, 28, 29, 30, 34, 40, 64, 77, 98, 99, 101-2, 103, 105, 107-8, 110, 112, 115, 133, 137, 147, 155, 157, 165-68, 169, 171-76, 176, 187, 189, 192, 193, 194, 196, 202-4, 205, 207, 209, 221, 226, 239-41, 251
hossu, 148, 149
Hsuan Hua, Master, xii, 172, 188
human realm, 100, 107, 110, 166-67, 168, 169-71
hungry ghost realm, 102-3, 107, 110, 166, 167-68, 176-79, 190
hymns, 10, 98, 250-51
iconography, 26, 37, 59-60, 83, 85, 96, 106, 109-113, 116, 145, 157
ihai (Buddhist memorial plaque), 49, 50, 51
India, ix, xi, xviii, xix, 50, 79, 81, 88, 95-96, 99, 112, 116, 151, 158, 183, 192
Indra’s net, 159
infanticide (mabiki), 39-42, 52-53
infants, xxiii, 4, 16, 22, 37-38, 39, 40-41, 42, 44, 50, 53-54, 57-58, 60, 61, 70-71, 72-75, 88, 92, 93, 176-77, 222, 250. See also children; newly born
infertility, 40
Jesuits, in Japan, 108
Jesus, 6, 71-72, 123, 219
Ji-jang Bosal. See Jizo Bodhisattva
Jizo Bodhisattva: in America, 3, 4, 11-14, 36, 38; male and female aspects of, xviii, 7, 194; specific names for in Japan and in other cultures, xviii, 33-35, 106; statues and images, xv, xx, xxi, xxiv-xxvi, 3, 11-12, 15-17, 21, 22, 24, 26, 27, 28-29, 3l, 32-33, 36, 37, 46-48, 49, 50, 51, 52, 61-62, 64, 65, 66-68, 69, 82, 83-84, 85-86, 93, 95-96, 107, 109-13, 116, 139, 166, 171, 193, 195, 207, 213, 217-20, 223, 229, 233, 235, 246-47
Jizo ceremony, xvi, xxvi, 3-4, 11-4, 36. See also mizuko ceremony
Jizo garden, xvi, xxi-xxii, xxv, xxvi, 1-4, 13
Jizo mantra, xv, 209, 228
Jizo-bon (Jizo festival), 36, 68-69, 84, 192, 221
Jizo-ko (Jizo clubs), 61
Jodo Shinshu (Pure Land sect), 11, 25, 45
Jung, Carl, 125
Kalu Rinpoche, 173, 181
kami (Shinto deities), 22-23, 24, 26, 38, 40, 107
kami no ko (child of the gods), 38
Kannon Bodhisattva (Kuan-yin), 7, 20, 22, 26, 29, 48-50, 81, 84, 116, 123, 131, 168, 237, 241-42. See also Avalokiteshvara.
karma, xi, 41, 71, 80, 98, 122, 137, 173-74, 186, 203, 204, 214, 230, 237, 241
karuna, 92. See also compassion; loving-kindness
Keizan, Master, 163
Ken-eo, 64
Kisagotami (Haggard Gotami), 54-56, 238
koans, xvii-xviii, xxvi, 77, 128-30, 134-36, 142, 146-48, 151, 152-56, 162, 228-29
Kobo-Daishi, 18-19
Korea, xviii, 22, 24, 59, 81, 88, 90, 103, 104, 106, 109, 116
Ko-sazuke Jizo (Child Granting Jizo), 85
Ko-sodate Jizo (Child Rearing Jizo), 85
kotsu, 148-49. See also Zen sticks
Kotsumi no Jizo (Jizo Who Piled up Wood), 32
Koyasu Jizo (Easy Child Birth Jizo), 85
Kshitigarbha Bodhisattva, x, xvii, xviii, 19, 28, 60-61, 81, 84, 95-97, 106, 109, 181, 190, 191, 192-93, 195, 197, 202, 208, 209, 211, 221-22, 224, 226, 229, 232
Kuan-yin. See Kannon Bodhisattva
Kugi Nuki Jizo (Nail Pulling Jizo), 17-19
Kuya, 250-51
Kwan-um (Kwan Se-um Bosal). See Kannon Bodhisattva
kyosaku, 148, 149-50
Kyoto, 13, 16, 17, 19, 20, 29, 50, 51, 52, 61, 64, 68-69, 91, 107, 116, 231
latent tendencies, 73-74
Law for Protection of Mothers’ Bodies. See Eugenics Protection Act
Letter-Delivering Jizo, 33
Li Po, 103, 105
Los Angeles Zen Center. See ZCLA
loving-kindness, xvii, 9, 79, 92, 93, 112, 170, 174, 181, 185, 226. See also metta; karuna; mudita
> mabiki. See infanticide
Maezumi, xv, xxvi, 36, 131, 211, 212, 233
Mahamoggalana. See Mu-lein
Mahapajapati (Buddha’s foster mother), 86-87
Mahayana, x, xix, 95-96, 106, 120, 192
mandalas, 11, 28, 96, 106, 109-10
Mani jewel. See Cintamani jewel
Manjushri Bodhisattva, 7, 192, 207
mantra, See dharani; Jizo mantra
mappo (degenerate era), 25, 66, 97
metta, 92, 181, 185. See also lovingkindness
Meyame Jizo (Eye Restoring Jizo), 20
midwives, 39-43
Migawari Jizo (Surrogate or Body Exchange Jizo), 67-68, 83, 107
miracles, xix-xx, 10, 18-19, 21, 27, 30, 31-32, 65-68, 81-82, 83, 85, 91, 104, 105-6, 107, 112, 244-45, 247-48
Mirror of Guilt, 100
miscarriage, xxv, 2, 11, 12, 14, 39, 50, 54, 57
mizuko (water-baby), 38, 41, 47, 50-52, 57
mizuko ceremony (mizuko kuyo), xvi, xxiv-xxvi, 11-14, 37-39, 43-47, 47-52, 53, 54, 57-58, 233-38, 251. See also Jizo ceremony
Mizuko Jizo, 12-13, 36, 37-39, 46, 47, 48, 49, 54 57, 110
Moggalana, xiii, 214-15. See also Mu-lein
Montoku, Emperor, 84
Morinaga Roshi, Soko, 65, 248-49
Mount Iwafune, 82
mudita, 92, 185. See also lovingkindness
mudra, 22, 109-13
Mu-lein, 98, 102-3, 105. See also Moggalana
Mumon, 147, 154-55
Mumonkan, 146-47
Nagarjuna, 160-61, 249-50
Nail Pulling Jizo. See Kugi Nuki Jizo
Nara, 20, 27-28, 33, 61, 82, 83, 85, 107
Nembutsu-ji (Kyoto), 13, 68
newly born, 38, 53, 70, 72, 222
Nine Flowers Mountain. See Chiu-hua Mountain
nirvana, x, 7, 72, 167, 168, 169, 236
Nude Jizo, 83-84; at Denkō-ji (Nara), 82, 83
Obon (festival for the dead), 13, 68-69, 103, 108, 221
offerings to Jizo, 16-17, 32, 35, 48-50, 51, 69, 98, 207, 216-17, 218, 221-22
Oil Painted Jizo (Aburakake Jizo), 34-35
One Truth, xviii, 120
Opal [Whitely], 77-79
optimism, xix-xx, xxi, 93, 118, 176, 199, 219, 224, 227-28
Ozaki Hosai, 71
path consciousness, 17-19
pilgrimages, 13, 29, 41, 74, 75, 76-80, 83, 85, 87, 95-13, 147, 150-51, 245
Pokkuri Jizo and Kannon (Dropping Dead Suddenly Jizo and Kannon), 22
Prajna Paramita, 5, 236-37, 238. See also Wisdom Beyond Wisdom
pregnancy, 33, 39-40, 42, 52, 54, 84-86, 87, 134-35
pregnancy sash, 39-40
Prithivi (earth goddess), 81, 192
Prosperous Birth Jizo. See Tai-san Jizo
protector, xix, xxvi, 4, 21, 22, 28, 29, 91, 96, 136; of children, 4, 28, 53, 59-72, So, 82, no, 248-49; of women, 82, 86-91
Rain Stopping Jizo. See Ameyami Jizo
Rand, Yvonne, xvi, xxiv-xxv, 11-14, 233
ring staff, ii, 29, 30, 84, 102, 110, m, 116, 126, 128-29, 145-56, 165-90
Rinzai Zen, 25, 40, 45, 248
River Sai and Sai no Kawara, 62-65, 79, 101, 248-49, 250-51
Roku Jizo, 28-29, 32, 110, 165, 171. See also Six Jizos
Ryōkan, xxi, 15, 37, 59, 70, 81, 95, 115, 145, 162, 246-48
Sai no Kawara. See River Sai
samadhi (concentration), xvii, xxi, 154, 188
Sanger, Margaret, 42
sanzen, xx, 160, 204
Sati-snin-po. See Jizo Bodhisattva
sesshin (Zen retreat), xviii, xx, 75, 136, 139, 149, 187, 188, 203-4, 219-20
Shakyamuni, 60, 96, 109, 122, 162, 201, 202, 210-11. See also Siddhartha
Siddhartha, 191. See also Shakyamuni
Shinbunritsu, 145-46
Shingon sect, 18-19, 25, 28, 29, 45, 209, 222, 224
Shinran Shonin, 25
Shinto, 22-25, 26, 27, 29, 38, 40, 44-45, 46, 48, 107
shippei, 48, 150
Shogun Jizo (Army Conquering Jizo), 29-32, 111
Shomu, Emperor, 27
Shōtoku, Prince, 26
shujo (shakujo), 48, 150-52
silence, xxiv, 130, 145
Six Jizo, 28-29, 32, 116, 166, 247-48. See also Roku Jizo
six realms of existence, 28-29, 33, 68-69, 98, 101, 107, 110-11, 116, 126, 145, 165-190, 214, 237, 239, 241. See also individual realms
six-ringed staff. See ring staff
skeptical mind, xix
Snow Raking Jizo. See Yuki-kaki Jizo
sorrow, xxv, 7, 12, 39, 40, 53-55, 57, 66, 250, 251
Soto Zen, 25, 40, 45
soul, xi, xii, 1, 45, 46, 52, 62-65, 143, 211
spirit attacks (tatari), 44-45
spiritual practice, xv, xvi, xvii-xviii, xx, 9, 10, 19, 25, 28, 29, 36, 58, 70-74 74-75, 76, 79, 81, 83-84, 87, 97, 118-26, 130-34, 135, 138-41, 142-43, 145-46, 147, 149, 154, 156, 159-60, 162, 168, 171, 174, 175, 177, 179, 182, 183, 185, 187, 190, 205, 194, 197, 199-202, 203, 205, 207-32, 2 244
Stomach Wrapper Jizo. See Hara obi Jizo
suffering, xvi, xix-xx, xxii, xxiii, xxvi, 4, 7, 15, 17, 19, 22, 24, 25, 28-29, 36, 38, 40, 41, 44, 45-46, 52, 53-54, 56, 57, 64. 66, 71, 72, 74, 75, 85-86, 87, 88, 92-93, 98, 100, 112-13, 116, 117-18, 120, 131, 134-35, 138, 140, 141, 143, 153, 155, 156, 166, 168, 169, 175, 177, 179, 182, 183, 186, 189, 192, 193-94, 195, 196, 198-99, 200-1, 202, 207, 211, 212, 213, 218, 223, 226, 230, 232, 235, 236, 239, 251
Suiryuzan, Master, 155
Sun Goddess at Ise, 27
Surrogate Jizo. See Migawari Jizo
Sutra of Compassion. See Enmei Juku Kannon Gyo
Sutra of the Ten Kings, 28, 64, 98-103
Sutra on the Bodhisattva Enmei Jizo. See Enmei Jizo-kyo
Suzuki Roshi, Shunryu, 11, 141
Sweating Jizo. See Asekaki Jizo
Tai-san Jizo (Prosperous Birth Jizo), 85
Tao Te Ching, 72-73
Taoism, 24, 29, 46, 99, 105
Tassajara Zen Center, 11
tatari. See spirit attacks
Tendai sect, 25, 28, 45, 65
Teresa, Mother, 176
Theravada, xvii, 120
Thousand Jizos, xxi-xxii, 97-98, 195, 220, 229
Threaded Stone Jizo, 35
Three Pillars of Zen, 141
Three Refuges, 201
Three Stages sect, 97
Three Treasures, ii, 157-58
Tibet, xviii, 7, 59, 79, 106, 109
Ti-tsang Pusa, x, xviii, 28, 30, 61, 97-106, 107, 220
Todai-ji (Nara), 27, 33
Transformation Text on Mu-lein Saving His Mother, 98, 102-3
Tun-huang caves (Turkestan), 97-98, 109, 116
Ubasokugokaiigikyo, 146
Unborn Mind, 58, 70, So, 235
Vajrayana, xvi, 120
Vipassana, xiii, xvii
visualization, xvi-xvii
vows, ix-x, 12, 15, 29, 32, 75, 81, 112, 118, 137, 144, 168, 176, 190, 194, 195, 196, 199-202, 207, 208, 210-12, 217-18, 220, 224, 228, 232, 248. See also Earth Store Sutra
Wagata Jizo (Wheel-Track Jizo), 20, 21
Wansong, Master, 161
Water-Baby Jizo. See Mizuko Jizo
Wentz, John, 1, 251-53
Wheel-Track Jizo. See Wagata Jizo
wilderness of views, 56, 205
Wisdom Beyond Wisdom, 5, 238. See also Prajna Paramita
Without Daughter-in-Law Jizo. See Yo-mei irazu Jizo
worship, xvi, xxvi, 7, 9, 22, 23, 24, 27, 29, 60, 61, 65, 66, 67, 82, 106, 109, 207, 218, 230, 231, 232, 246
Wu Zetien, Empress, ix
Xavier, Francis, 108
Yama (King of Hell), 99, 101, 202
Yamada Roshi, 149, 150-51
Yatsutani Roshi, 226
Yo-mei irazu Jizo and Kannon (Without Daughter-in-Law Jizo and Kannon), 22
Yuki-kaki Jizo (Snow Raking Jizo), 33
zazen, xviii, 4, 130, 132-33, 141, 154, 155, 198, 204
ZCLA (Zen Center of Los Angeles),
xv, 36, 130-31, 137, 211
Zen, xv, xvii-xviii, xxi, 5, 76, 93, 106, 108-9, 118, 120, 123-24, 125, 129-30, 131-32, 138, 143, 146-48, 148-52, 155, 187, 203-4, 220, 233
Zen Community of Oregon, 11
Zen Sticks, 148-52. See also hossu; kyosaku; shippei; shakujo
Zenshin, 90
Permissions
Grateful acknowledgment is made to the following for permission to reprint previously published material:
LaFleur, William R.; Liquid life: Abortion and Buddhism in Japan. Copyright© 1992 by Princeton University Press. Reprinted by permission of Princeton University Press.
From Dewdrops on a Lotus Leaf: Zen Poems of Ryokan, translated and edited by John Stevens, © 1993 by John Stevens. Reprinted by arrangement with Shambhala Publications, Inc., Boston, www.shambhala.com.
From Wild Ivy: The Spiritual Autobiography of Zen Master Hakuin, ©by Norman Waddell. Reprinted by arrangement with Shambhala Publications, Inc., Boston, www.shambhala.com.
From Great Fool: Zen Master Ryokan, translated by Ryuchi Abe and Peter Haskel, © 1996 by Peter Haskel. Reprinted by arrangement with the University of Hawai’i Press, Honolulu.
From Singing Creek Where the Willows Grow by Opal Whitely and Benjamin Hoff, copyright© 1986 by Benjamin Hoff. Used by permission of Penguin, a division of Penguin Putnam, Inc.
From The Narrow Road to the Deep North and Other Travel Sketches by Bashō, translation and copyright © 1966 by Nobuyuki Yuasa. Reproduced by permission of Penguin Books, Ltd.
From The Zen Poetry of Dōgen translation and copyright © by Steven Heine, 1997. Used by permission of Tuttle Publishing.
From Shobogenzo, Volume 1, translation and copyright © by Gudo Nashijima and Chodo Cross, 1994. Used by permission of Wendell Publications, Ltd.
From Mud and Water: A Collection of Talks by Zen Master Bassui, translation and copyright© by Arthur Braverman, 1989. Used by permission of Arthur Braverman.
From One Robe, One Bowl: The Zen poetry of Ryōkan, translation by John Stevens. Copyright © by John Weatherhill, Inc. 1977. Used by permission of John Weatherhill, Inc.
From Tao Te Ching, translation and copyright© by Steven Mitchell, 1988. Used by permission of Harper Collins.
About the Author
Jan Chozen Bays was born to pacifist parents on the day the atomic bomb was dropped on the city of Nagasaki. In childhood she lived in Chicago, Alabama, upstate New York, and Korea. After graduating from Swarthmore College in 1966, she taught biology and English in Malawi, Africa. She graduated from the School of Medicine at the University of California at San Diego in 1972.
Chozen began Zen practice in 1973 under Taizan Maezumi Roshi at the Zen Center of Los Angeles. She and her family moved to ZCLA in 1978 to allow for more intensive Zen study. Chozen took lay precepts in 1975 and received priest’s ordination in 1979. Four years later she received Dharma transmission from Maezumi Roshi. She has served since 1986 as teacher for the Zen Community of Oregon in Portland and for the residential program at Larch Mountain Zen Center.
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