Drummond Hay, John 838
Drumont, Édouard 855
dry-stone house foundations 321
Dublin 361, 379, 875
Dubrovnik
and Ottomans 603
Ragusans 81, 455–6
dugongs 9, 10, 112
Dunkirk 685
Dunkirk II Marine Transgression 345
Dutch see Netherlands/Holland and the Dutch
Dutch East India Company see VOC (United East India Company)
Dutch West India Company (WIC) 683, 686
Duyfken 736
dyes 50, 194, 323, 473 see also sandalwood
indigo 107, 717, 754
orchil 474, 502
woad 455, 459, 488
Ea-nasir 60–61, 65, 68
Eanes, Gil 501
Earth Mother 312
East Anglia 304
East China Sea 198, 250
East India Company, Danish 667, 712, 884
East India Company, Dutch see VOC (United East India Company)
East India Company, English 688, 689, 691, 723, 755, 760, 761, 780, 781, 817, 820, 824, 831
and Boston Tea Party 784
and New Julfans 707
opium trade 825–6
and Singapore 819–20, 821
tea export monopoly to America 784
East India Company, Swedish 723–6
East Indies xxi, 134, 156, 723–6, 752 see also specific countries of south and south-east Asia
Austronesians from xxi
and Cape Verde 752–3, 754
and Danish East India Company see Danish East India Company; United East India Company, Danish (later Danish Asiatic Company)
Dias’s discovery of route to 514, 536, 537
and the Dutch see Netherlands/Holland and the Dutch: and the East Indies/Indonesia
East Indian crew stop-overs: in Azores 751; in Cape Verde 752–3
and Egypt 88, 98, 99, 116 see also India: and Egypt
and the English 657, 687–90 see also East India Company, English
Indonesia see Indonesia/Indonesians
Magellan’s attempt to reach 569–76
Malaya see Malaya/Malays
and North America 780–96
Philippines see Philippines
and the Portuguese see Portugal/Portuguese: and East Indies/Indonesia
and Russia 802
and south-east Africa 548–9
and the Spanish 567–81; and Manila galleons see Manila galleons
Spice Islands see Moluccas/Spice Islands
spice trade see spices/spice trade
and Swedish East India Company 723–6
wider area covered by term 46, 781
Easter Island 3, 27, 29–31
ebony 47, 57, 76, 78–9, 106, 122, 233, 265
Edo, Japan 644, 652, 653, 693, 695, 807, 846 see also Tokyo
Edo Bay 846
Edward I of England 450, 456, 469
Edward II of England 450
Edward III of England 450, 454–5
Edward IV of England 507
Edward VI of England 658
eels 14
Eendracht 736
Egbert of Wessex 360
Egede, Niels 405
Egeria 117
eggs 178, 179
Egil’s Saga 389
Egypt/Egyptians 46, 47, 91
Alexandrian Egyptians 99
and Bereniké 111
and Chinese ceramics 174, 266
and East Indies 88, 98, 99, 116 see also India: and Egypt
emeralds 174
Fatimid Empire 160, 173
under Hatshepsut 75–6, 78
and India 182–3, 187–8
Mamluks see Mamluks
merchants 181, 182, 265
and Mesopotamia 47, 70
and Ottomans 601–2, 603
and Persia 85
Ptolemies see Ptolemies
and the ‘Sea Peoples’ 79
shipping on Nile 70
ships see boats/ships: Egyptian
and Six-Day War (1967) 896
Suez see Suez Canal
trade see trade: Egyptian
unification of Upper and Lower Egypt 70, 76
Eirík the Red 393, 396–7, 398, 400, 410
Eisai 216
El Dorado 553
El Piñal 627–8
Elcano, Juan Sebastian 569, 570, 571, 577, 578, 579, 581, 617
Eleanor of Aquitaine 458
Eleanor 815
elephant birds 133
elephantegoi 111
elephants 59, 64, 93, 96, 104, 111, 170, 266, 278, 365, 542, 833
ivory see ivory: elephant
tusks 135 see also ivory: elephant
Eliezer, son of Dodavahu 82
Elizabeth I 453, 657, 659, 660, 662, 663–4, 689, 731
1600 charter 691
Ellesmere Island 407, 408
Elliott, Charles 826
Elmina 493, 495, 508, 510–11, 560, 561, 584, 585, 686
Elsinore see Helsingør
Elyot, Hugh 534
emeralds 99, 174, 238
Empire Flying Boats 898
Empress of China 785, 786–90, 791
Endo, Shusaku: The Samurai 632
Enfantin, Barthélemy-Prosper 848
England/English
and Amboyna island 714
Anglo-Saxon 347, 349, 355–6, 357–62
Anglo-Saxon literature 318
Antwerp trade decline 673
and Arctic Ocean 657–60, 662–6
and Armenians 707
and Australia 737
and the Azores 750–51
and the Baltic 367, 452–3
and Barbados 767–8, 772
and Bermuda 766
Bronze Age 319
and the Caribbean 764–5, 766–79
cloth see cloth: English
Crown Jewels 450
and the Danes 714, 718, 720
Darien Scheme and Scottish union 722–3
delftware 778
and the Dutch 682, 687–91; and Cromwell 769; Tobago conflict 719
and the East Indies 657, 687–90 see also East India Company, English
Englishmen in Prussia 451–2
and France see France: and Britain/England
and Gambia 719
glassware 660
gold desired by 663–4
grain trade 389, 391, 444, 458
and Guinea 716
and Hansards 419, 447–53, 456, 458, 463
house of Tudor 534
and Iceland 461–3
and India see India: and the British/English
and Ireland 767
Italian bankers in 454
and Jamaica 765, 768, 769–79
and Jews 700, 769–70, 839
London see London
and Madeira 484, 748–50
Magnus Intercursus treaty with Habsburg rulers of Flanders 669
merchants in: English merchants see merchants: English; Frisian merchants 353; Greek merchants 872–3; Portuguese merchants 469; under protection of Crown 469
and Morocco 657, 838–9, 840
Navigation Act (1651) 780, 784
navy: and the Anglo-Saxons 361; RN see Royal Navy
Neolithic 309, 310; descendants from 317
and the New World 557, 766–7; and Manhattan Island/New Amsterdam 690, 717, 756
and the papacy 770, 771
piracy 452, 718, 763–5, 773–6
and Portugal 465, 474, 751–2; English merchants meeting Portuguese objections 464; and Madeira 484; Portuguese alliances 469, 474
privateers 405, 662, 730, 763, 764, 774–6
Protestant England 557, 730
and raiders 346–7
raising English flag in new lands 533
Royal African Company 760, 777
and Run 690, 714
and Russia 659
ships see boats/ships: English
silver 448–9, 451
and Spain see Spain/Spaniar
ds: and Britain/England
and the spice trade see spices/spice trade: and the English
and St George 697
steam packet between England and Alexandria 848–9
and sugar 657, 768
trade see trade: English
Viking raids 357–62
Virginia Company 766
wheat 389, 391, 444
wool 450, 453, 454, 456, 460
English Channel 299, 319, 321, 322
car ferries 899
defence by Cinque Ports 456–7
and Edward III’s wars in 450
Germanic raids 346
piracy 456
souterrains both sides of 329
English language 838
pidgin English 790
Enki (god) 56, 57
Enkidu 56
Ennin (Jikaku Daishi) 202–9, 210–11
Enrique (Sumatran servant/interpreter) 568, 570, 574, 575
environmental oceanic damage xxiii, 908
Eratosthenes 334
Eridu 56
Erie Canal 848
Erik of Pomerania 436–7, 461–2
Erikson, Gustaf 874, 876
Eritrea 71–3, 79, 122, 182
ermine 427, 428
Ertebølle 306
Eskimos
Dorset 398–9
Inuit 398, 399–400, 404, 405, 406–7, 408, 411
Esmeralda 543–4
Esmerault, Jean de 486
Espoir 557–60
Essaouira see Mogador
Essomericq, son of Arosca 559
Estonia 420, 421, 428
Estonian raiders 422
Ethiopia/Ethiopians 130, 166–7, 512, 536, 540
Axum see Axum
Etruria 120
Etruria, SS 869
Etruscans 326, 331, 334–5, 338
Etzion-Geber 80, 82, 83
Eudaimōn Arabia (Aden) 105–6
Eudoxos of Kyzikos 97–8
Euergetes II 97
Eugénie of France 859
eunuchs 99, 255, 258, 267, 268, 270, 293, 832
Euphrates 50, 52
European Union 419
Evans, James 766–7
Evans, Jeff 20
exoticism
exotic animals 76, 136, 255, 256 see also specific animals
exotic goods, luxuries and foods xix, 68, 114–15, 136, 174–5, 186, 215, 236, 238, 278, 280, 366, 617, 649, 660, 682, 693, 716, 780–81 see also aromatics; carnelian; ebony; emeralds; ivory; lapis lazuli; silk; spices/spice trade; sugar
exotic information 322
Exquemeling, Alexandre 774, 775
Ezekiel 81–2
Fabian, William 507
falcons 398
Faleiro, Rui 570
Falkland Islands 666, 791, 795
Falmouth, Cornwall 848–9, 875
Fan-man/Fan Shiman 140, 143, 144
Fan Wenhu 226
fans 216, 234
farming see agriculture/farming
Faroe Islands 380–81, 383, 386, 387, 444, 712, 721
Farquhar, William 819, 821, 822, 828
Fatimid Empire 160, 173
Faxien (Shih Fa-Hsien) 144–6
Fei Xin 256–7, 259, 261, 264, 269
Felixstowe 880, 904–5, 907
feng shui 243, 289
Ferdinand II of Aragon, king of Castile 464, 489, 505, 522, 527, 529, 530, 534, 555–6, 567–8
Fernandes, Valentim 493, 494
Fernando de Noronha island 560
Ferrand, Gabriel 148
Ferrer, Jaume 474, 500, 501
Fetu people 718
Fez, Morocco 175, 471, 475, 834, 837
figs 470, 491, 493, 756
Fiji 11, 14, 19
Filipino language 131
Finland 421
Finno-Ugrians 421–2
furs 428
Karelians 422
Finney, Ben 20
First World War 881–3
and Belfast 870
fish 11, 28, 35, 39, 66, 68, 74, 91, 112, 180, 213, 303, 306, 352, 381, 429, 431, 502, 803
bones 54, 92
cod see cod
deep-sea 34
dried 432, 442, 793
farms 26, 280
flounder 306
freshwater 306
garfish 284, 285
herring see herring
hooks 9, 15, 24, 28, 39
Japanese diet of 196
Norwegian stokffish 463
parrot fish 14
pelagic 9
plastics in fishy food chain 908
pounded fish meal 92
raw 91, 92
salmon 196
sauce, garum 112, 116, 120
shellfish see shellfish
stock depletion 908
and Torres Strait islanders 9, 10
traps 9
tuna/tunny see tuna
fishing
and Japanese ‘People of the Sea’ 213
Norway’s access to fishing grounds 712
overfishing 908
pelagic fishing from bark boats 9
tunny 54
Fitch, Ralph 598, 640–41
Flanders 173, 240, 353, 355, 430, 431, 451
Antwerp see Antwerp
and the Azores 481, 488
cloth 439, 440, 451, 470, 491
and the Dutch 682, 685
and grain trade 428
and Hansards 433, 439
and Madeira 486
and Madeiran sugar 485
Magnus Intercursus treaty between England and Habsburg rulers of 669
and Mina 506–7
and Portugal 469–70, 474
ships 456
and sugar trade 486
flax 176, 178, 444
flesh-hooks 317, 318
Flóki Vilgerðarson 384
Florence/Florentines 440, 564
banks/bankers 450, 454
and Bruges 438
businessmen backing long sea voyages 525, 545, 564
cloth/wool 453–4, 460
merchants 618–22
Savonarola’s revolution 526
ships 456
Flores 7
Florida 554, 565, 592, 857
Miami 899–900, 902
Florida 580
flounder 306
flour 63, 176, 177, 444, 445, 491, 493
sago 15
wheat 620, 624, 648
Formosa Island see Taiwan
Fortin, Mouris 559
Fowey, Cornwall 462
France
anti-Semitism 855
Antwerp banking loans 673
and Brazil 557–60, 561
and Britain/England: Edward III’s wars 450, 454; and Henry VIII 557; Henry V’s wars 477; and Panama Canal 851; and Suez Canal 849, 850, 896
Brittany see Brittany
Bronze Age 314, 316–17, 319
and China 709; Canton occupation 827
cloth 470
and the Danes 720
and the Dutch 818
and the Falklands 795
Franco-Ottoman alliance 603
and Germany, Second World War 888
and Guinea 561
Habsburg rivalry 672
Huguenots 676, 696, 697
Italy invaded by 526
and Madagascar 557
merchant navy 888
and Milan 559–60
and Morocco 561
and Naples 559–60
Napoleonic Wars 712, 789, 818
Neolithic 309, 313
and Newfoundland 562
Normandy see Normandy/Normans
and the Pacific islands 811–12
and Panama Canal 848, 851, 854–5, 858
Pondicherry rulership/base 119, 707 see also Pondicherry
and the Portuguese 561–2
Scandinavian raids on northern France 348
and Second Crusade 423
and Second World War 888
and Spain 676, 795
and St Thomas 720
tin 324
trade see trade: French
trade routes affected by La Tène culture 332, 334–5
wine 458–9, 675
Francis I of France 562, 563, 661
Franciscans 537, 640, 645, 648, 653, 731, 838
and Jesuits 653
Francisco de Vitoria, archbishop of Mexico City 701
frankincense 47, 71, 76, 80, 104, 106, 107, 153, 243
duty 273
Japanese purchases of 194
Franklin, Sir John 565, 845
Franks 345, 346, 348, 352, 354, 361
and Vikings 360
Franz Joseph of Austria 859
Frederick I Barbarossa, Holy Roman Emperor 418, 424
Frederick II, Holy Roman Emperor 398, 418, 425, 475
Frederick II of Denmark 666
Frederiksborg fort 718, 721
Freneau, Philip 786–7
Freydis 412
Frisia/Frisians 344, 348, 351–5, 674
Frisian language 352
and Haithabu 366
and Vikings 360
Vitalienbrüder in East Frisian islands 437
Frobisher, Martin 662–3, 664–5, 666
Frobisher Bay 663
Fuerteventura 472, 473
Fuggers banking house, Augsburg 579, 672, 673
Fujiwara clan 217
Fujiwara no Tsunetsugu 203, 204, 205, 206, 207, 215
Fukoaka see Hakata (Fukoaka)
Funan, southern Vietnam 137, 139–44
and Buddhism 142
and China 139–44
ships 142–3
and Zhenla 146–7
Funchal, Madeira 484, 749, 750
Museum of Sacred Art 485
funerary barges 73–4
furs/fur trade 194, 198, 367, 440, 441, 712, 797
bear furs 408
in Canton 806
and China 785–6, 791, 792–6, 797, 806
ermine 427, 428
Finnish 428
and Hawai’i 816
North American/US 785–6, 791–6, 816
Russian 365, 420, 422, 423, 427, 428, 786, 804, 806; and England 659
sea otter 785, 786, 806, 808, 809
and the Spanish 806
taxation 804
Fustat (Old Cairo) xx, 160, 174, 175, 182
Ben Ezra synagogue 175
Chinese pottery at 179
Genizah documents 174, 175–6, 182, 184
Jews of 176
merchants 175, 181, 184, 187
Gabriel 662–3
Gadir see Cádiz
Galápagos Islands 28–9
Galicia 301–2, 304, 459, 461, 470
Bronze Age 317
citânias 329
megalithic culture 312
Neolithic 312
rías 751
rock carvings 322
Galicians 455
galleons 29, 771, 777
and carracks 641
Manila see Manila galleons
Santo André 751
Gallia Belgica 344–5, 346
galliots 641
Galloway 328
Gama, Gaspar da 541–2
Gama, Vasco da xvii–xviii, 490, 514, 519, 522, 537–41, 602, 755
Gambia 719
Ganges 110, 121
Gannascus 344–5
Gardar, Greenland 397, 400, 407
The Boundless Sea Page 140