[clxxvii] The Nemoralia was celebrated by Romans in August at the rising of the full moon. There was likely an equivalent in Greece. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nemoralia
[clxxviii] Livy, 37, 7, 284.
[clxxix] Ibid.
[clxxx] King Philip's elite cavalry.
[clxxxi] Livy, 27, 7, 285.
[clxxxii] Lake Vegoritida. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lake_Vegoritida
[clxxxiii] Near modern day Teos, on the Ionian peninsula.
[clxxxiv] Livy, 37, 28. 306.
[clxxxv] Ibid.
[clxxxvi] Livy, 37, 29, 306.
[clxxxvii] Livy, 37, 29, 307.
[clxxxviii] Ibid.
[clxxxix] https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lucius_Aemilius_Regillus. He offered his prayer to the lares permarini, the deities who protect seafarers.
[cxc] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greek_fire#History
[cxci] Livy, 27, 30, 308.
[cxcii] Ibid.
[cxciii] Ibid.
[cxciv] Livy, 37, 31, 309.
[cxcv] Ibid.
[cxcvi] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elections_in_the_Roman_Republic
[cxcvii]https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marcus_Fulvius_Nobilior_(consul_189_BC).
[cxcviii] Ibid.
[cxcix] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elections_in_the_Roman_Republic
[cc] Ibid.
[cci] Ibid.
[ccii] Ibid.
[cciii] As described in Scipio Risen.
[cciv] Ibid.
[ccv] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gallipoli
[ccvi] Gabriel, p. 222.
[ccvii] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Salii
[ccviii] See footnote 11 in Livy, 37, 33, 311.
[ccix] Near modern Sart, in western Turkey.
[ccx] Livy, 37, 34, 312.
[ccxi] Ibid.
[ccxii] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beer_in_Syria#Ancient_history. Beer recipes were found on tablets dated to 2500 BCE.
[ccxiii] Livy, 37, 35, 313.
[ccxiv] Ibid.
[ccxv] Gabriel, 224.
[ccxvi] Livy, 37, 36, 314.
[ccxvii] Gabriel, p. 224.
[ccxviii] Ibid.
[ccxix] Gabriel, 226.
[ccxx] Livy, 37, 37, 315.
[ccxxi] Ibid.
[ccxxii] Modern-day Manisa, Turkey.
[ccxxiii] Livy, 37, 37, 315.
[ccxxiv] Livy, 27, 38, 316.
[ccxxv] Livy, 27, 39, 316
[ccxxvi] Gabriel, 226.
[ccxxvii] Livy, 37, 41, 319.
[ccxxviii] Gabriel, p. 227.
[ccxxix] Livy, 38, 40, 318.
[ccxxx] Ibid.
[ccxxxi] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_Magnesia
[ccxxxii] Ibid.
[ccxxxiii] Livy, 37, 42, 320.
[ccxxxiv] Ibid.
[ccxxxv] Livy, 37, 42, 321.
[ccxxxvi] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phalanx#Pushing
[ccxxxvii] Livy, 37, 42, 320.
[ccxxxviii] Ibid.
[ccxxxix] Ibid.
[ccxl] Livy, 37, 43, 321.
[ccxli] Ibid.
[ccxlii] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cataphract
[ccxliii] Livy, 37, 43, 322.
[ccxliv] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hannibal
[ccxlv] Livy, 37, 43, 322.
[ccxlvi] Ibid.
[ccxlvii] Livy, 37, 45, 323.
[ccxlviii] Livy, 37, 47, 324.
[ccxlix] Ibid.
[ccl] Ibid.
[ccli] Ibid.
[cclii] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Princeps_senatus
[ccliii] Gabriel, p. 230.
[ccliv] Ibid.
[cclv] https://www.ancient.eu/Roman_Triumph/
[cclvi] Livy, 38, 50, 385.
[cclvii] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Princeps_senatus
[cclviii] Appian (Chapter VII, Book 40) attests that Scipio was festively garbed instead of wearing the drab clothing that trial victims customarily wore.
[cclix] Appian, Polybius, and Livy attest that Scipio did not directly answer the charges, but proceeded to outline his life and victories. See Livy, 38, 50, 385.
[cclx] Polybius, 23, 14.
[cclxi] Gabriel, 232.
[cclxii] Gabriel, p. 230, reports this incident happening in 185 BCE. The scene depicted in this book is a combination of Scipio's reactions to several different accusations.
[cclxiii] Appian, Chapter VII, Book 40.
[cclxiv] Ibid.
[cclxv] Livy, 38, 51, 387.
[cclxvi] Gabriel, 231.
[cclxvii] Livy, 38, 57, 393.
[cclxviii] Aristotle, Nicomachean Ethics. Translated by Martin Oswald. Indianapolis, IN: Library of Liberal Arts. Book II, p. 33.
[cclxix] Ibid, pp. 33-35.
[cclxx]Gabriel, p. 233.
[cclxxi] These words are an adaptation of the speech Tiberius Gracchus gave to the Senate, in defense of Scipio. See Livy, 38, 53, 388.
[cclxxii] Ibid.
[cclxxiii]Gabriel, 232.
[cclxxiv] Nicomedia was the capitol of Bythnia, a northwestern region of modern day Turkey.
[cclxxv] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hannibal#Death_.28183_to_181_BC.29
[cclxxvi] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lucius_Valerius_Flaccus_(consul_195_BC)
[cclxxvii] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ager_publicus
[cclxxviii] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Histories_(Polybius)
[cclxxix] As described in Scipio Rising, Chapter One.
[cclxxx] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cornelia_Africana
[cclxxxi] https://www.britannica.com/topic/Optimates-and-Populares
[cclxxxii] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tiberius_Gracchus
[cclxxxiii] Plutarch, "Tiberius and Gaius Gracchus." Roman Lives, Book 9, p. 90.
[cclxxxiv] Plutarch, p. 83.
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