by Kate Hubbard
compelling evidence he designed Hardwick New Hall 218–19, 222–3, 243, 244–5
comes up with design of a ‘platt’ 222, 233
importance of setting to 222–3
remains at Wollaton after Willoughby’s death 232–3
works on several East Midlands houses 233
designs Owlcotes for Bess 235–6
brings his son to see Hardwick New Hall 248–9
may have worked for Charles Cavendish 249n
supplies designs for several houses in Derbyshire and Yorkshire 261 and note
Snidall, Richard 250, 253
Somerset, Duke of see Seymour, Edward, Duke of Somerset
Somerset House, Strand (London) 23, 24–5, 44, 62, 71
South Wingfield Manor (Derbyshire) xix, 85, 90, 99, 100, 159, 180, 184, 185, 194, 195, 197, 207, 217, 280
Southwark Place (London) 23
Spakeman, Nicholas 32
Spanish Armada 195, 206–7
Spicer, William 62, 83, 110, 130
Stafford, Lady Dorothy 265
Stafford, Humphrey 198
Stainsby manor (Derbyshire) 235
Stanhope, Sir John 215, 261, 271
Stanhope, Sir Thomas 138, 148, 215, 252, 261, 271
Stanton Drew (Somerset) 65
Stanton Wick (Somerset) 65
Staper, Sir Richard 86
Stapleton, Henry 274, 275
Starkey, James 249 and note, 268, 272
Statute of Artificers (1563) 200
Staveley (Derbyshire) 11
Steward, Ellen 238
Steward, Mary 256
Stewart, James, 1st Earl of Moray 92–3, 95, 107 and note
Stewart, Margaret Douglas, Countess of Lennox 298
tenuous claim to the throne 68–9
finds a wife for her son Charles Stuart 123–4
requests permission to visit her Yorkshire estate 123–4
falls ill at Rufford 124
ordered back to London 126
sent to the Tower 126
supports Arbella’s Lennox inheritance 128
death of 144
Stewart, Matthew, 4th Earl of Lennox 94, 144
Stewart, Robert, Bishop of Caithness, Earl of Lennox 144
Stoke Manor (Derbyshire) 151, 261
Stokes, Adrian 42, 87
Stourbridge Fair 252
Stradanus, Johannes 258n
Strange, Lady 147
Stuart, Arbella (granddaughter of BH)
Hardwick New Hall as possible house for xxix
birth of 127
education of 15–16, 202, 266–7 and note
Lennox jewels given to James VI 144
Lennox title and lands appropriated by the Queen 144
portrait of 145
and death of her mother 155–6
Bess attempts to marry her to Leicester’s son Robert 173–4
moved between aunts and uncles 173, 201–2
appearances at court 202–4, 227, 232
as commodity in the marriage market 202–3, 225
writes first surviving letter to Bess 202
character and description 207, 267
joins Bess in London 226
as focus of Catholic plots to depose Elizabeth 234
taken to Chatsworth for safety reasons 234–5
receives cash, land and jewels from Bess 242, 266, 283
lives at Hardwick 256
as beneficiary of Bess’s will 264, 295
claim to the throne no longer considered seriously 265–6
sends New Year gift to the Queen 265
breakdown of relationship with Bess 266–7
attempts to marry Edward Seymour (son of Lord Beauchamp) 268–75
taken to Wrest Park 275
as target of Main Plot 278–9
death of 279n
given court position and a pension 279 and note
marries William Seymour 279n
takes part in masque by Ben Jonson 292
Stuart, Charles, 5th Earl of Lennox 123, 125, 126, 127
Stuart, Elizabeth Cavendish, Lady Lennox (daughter of BH) 148
birth of 41
new shoes made for 49
watches Elizabeth I process from the Tower to Westminster 54
health of 58
marries Charles Stuart 122–3, 124, 125
ordered to London with her husband 126
Shrewsbury’s concern for when pregnant 126
Mary Stuart takes a kindly interest in 127
Leicester’s help in finding her a husband 134
granted custody of her daughter Arbella and given a pension 144–5
relationship with Bess 148
not allowed to be with her pregnant sister Mary 153
death of 156
dowry finally paid to Arbella 266
Stuart, Esmé, Earl of Lennox 144, 202
Stuart, Henry, Lord Darnley 94, 95, 123
Stuart, James see James VI and I
Stuart, Ludovic 203
Suffolk, Dukes of see Brandon, Charles and Henry
Suffolk House (London) 21
Summerson, John 164
Sussex, Earl of see Radclyffe, Thomas, 3rd Earl of Sussex
Sutton Court, Chew Magna (Somerset) 55
Talbot, Ann Herbert 89, 165
Talbot, Edward 89, 148, 167, 169, 214–15, 242, 281
Talbot, Elizabeth, Countess of Shrewsbury (Bess of Hardwick)
as architectural patron and builder xvii-xix, xx-xxiii, xxiv-xv, xxviii-xxx
birth and family background 1–2 and note
education 3 and note, 4, 15–16
spends childhood at Hardwick manor 5–6
marries Robert Barley 9–11
pursues her jointure after Robert’s death 11–13
marries William Cavendish 14, 16
London life and influences 20–3
acquires three stepdaughters 26
produces eight children 26, 31, 40, 41
itemises accounts daily 27–8, 48–9, 54
as busy, social and hospitable 28–30
cherishes gold book given to her by Sir William 29
likes to gamble 29
persuades Cavendish to acquire properties including Chatsworth 32–4
streak of superstition in 41
keeps portrait of Jane Grey at Chatsworth 42
sadness at death of William Cavendish 49–50
seeks Thynne’s help in dealing with debts 51–2
health of 52, 147, 262, 277, 281, 282–3, 292, 293–5
relationship with Elizabeth I 53–4, 127, 186–7
attends coronation of Elizabeth I 54
meets and marries Sir William St Loe 54, 56–8
portraits of 57–8, 216–17
oversees building works at Chatsworth 58–61, 62–4, 129, 131, 135–6, 138
attempted poisoning of 65–7
partial to matchmaking and intrigue 72–3, 120–3, 124, 173–4, 284
gives New Year gifts to the Queen 74–5, 127, 186, 227, 228, 265
helps her extended family financially 75–6
business portfolio and moneylending 76, 240–2
as woman of wealth and property 77, 78
as subject of gossip and speculation 78–9, 81–2
marries George Talbot 84, 87–9, 90
given custody of Mary Stuart 97, 101–4
kept abreast of news in London and abroad 97, 109–10, 210–11
shares a love of needlework with Mary Stuart 102–3 and note
correspondence with Shrewsbury 110–11, 115–16, 138
informs Mary Stuart of Norfolk’s execution 114
as financially independent 116, 185, 217
dismisses claims from Peak Forest tenants 132 and note
thanks Leicester for his many kindnesses 134–5
entertains Leicester at Chatsworth 135–6
breakdown of her marriage to Shrewsbury 138, 140–2, 153–5, 165, 168–70, 171–3, 194–5
on excellent terms with Gilbert Talbot 140–1
petitions the Queen for her granddaughter Arbella’s rights 144, 145
relationship with her children and stepchildren 147–52
suspicions concerning Shrewsbury’s relations with Mary Stuart 154
deteriorating relationship with Mary Stuart 155, 156, 177–8
appeals to the Queen concerning support for Arbella 156
distressed at death of her daughter Elizabeth 156–7
involved with building of Worksop 164
attempts to arrange marriage for Arbella 173–4
buys Hardwick estate in William Cavendish’s name 173
Shrewsbury’s campaign against 174–7, 184–9
appeals to Burghley about Shrewsbury’s mistreatment 175–6, 184–5
carefully presents herself as the wronged but dutiful wife 177
as subject of the ‘scandal letter’ sent to the Queen by Mary Stuart 179–80
commission of inquiry into her marriage to Shrewsbury 181–2
writes to Shrewsbury repeating her desire to return to him 185–6
continually gives gifts to family and friends 188 and note
pragmatic attitude towards religion 193
writes last surviving letter of affection and humility to Shrewsbury 194–5
informed of Arbella’s reception at court, news of family and additions to Theobalds 203–5
and death of Shrewsbury 212
hostility towards Gilbert 215–16
decides to build Hardwick New Hall 217–19
property and lands portfolio 217
visit to London 226–31
attends court 227–9, 232
attempts to outmanoeuvre Gilbert Talbot 230
spends much time devoted to shopping 230–2
takes Arbella to Chatsworth for safety reasons 234–5
congratulates Robert Cecil on becoming ‘principal secretary’ 239
oversees building of Hardwick 242–9
as exacting employer 246–7
provides cash and food for her employees 247–8, 253–4
writes affectionately to Gilbert and Mary 251
life at Hardwick 255–60
builds almshouses in Derby 260, 263
continues to seek redress from Gilbert 262–3, 285–7, 289
lays out several sums on ‘law causes’ 262–3
arranges for a burial vault for herself 263
draws up her will 263–4, 281, 294–5, 296
breakdown of her relationship with Arbella 266–75
refuses to help her son Henry 277–8, 281
entertains Cumberland and his entourage at Hardwick 284–5
informed of the Gunpowder Plot 288–9
affects a rapprochement with the Shrewsburys 291–2
death and funeral 295–8
descendants of 298
as lifelong builder 298–9
Talbot, Francis 118, 165
Talbot, Francis, 5th Earl of Shrewsbury 31, 84, 87
Talbot, George, 6th Earl of Shrewsbury
birth and family background 84
as landowner and builder 84–5, 86, 118–20, 158–9, 164
marries Bess 84, 87–9, 90
involved with London merchants trading with Turkey 85–6 and note
uses new technology in smelting mills 85–6
character and description 86–7, 172
as complaining, illegible letter-writer 86, 123
portraits of 86, 172
given custody of Mary Stuart 90–1, 96–101, 105–6, 114, 116, 117, 132, 153, 165–6, 167
possibly attracted to Mary Stuart 98, 154, 166, 178, 191–2
shows devotion and affection towards Bess 98, 108, 166–7
health of 106, 116, 172 and note, 180, 183, 195
plagued by disloyal servants 112, 114, 153, 166
presides at Norfolk’s trial 113–14
settles Bess’s estates on her sons 116
takes the waters at Buxton to relieve his gout 118
unhappy at paying Elizabeth Cavendish’s dowry 125
denies prior knowledge of marriage between Elizabeth Cavendish and Charles Stuart 126
greatly resents Chatsworth 131
feels harried and aggrieved at demands made upon 132–3, 153–4, 159, 165–6, 168, 169
invites Burghley to visit Chatsworth 137
breakdown of his marriage to Bess 138, 140–2, 154–5, 165, 168–70, 171–3, 194–5
grief-stricken at death of young George 142–3
withholds allowance from Bess 169, 170
begins campaign of harassment 174–7
rails against Gilbert for siding with Bess 174
relieved of Mary’s care after fifteen years 180
returns to court after twelve years 180
urged to deal generously with Gilbert 183–4
continues to make trouble against Bess, her servants and sons 184–9, 207–8
witnesses execution of Mary Stuart 190–1
helps to root out Jesuit priests 192–3
ordered to provide men for defence of the country 206, 207
buys Barley estate 208
writes with affection to Mary Talbot 211–12
death and funeral xxviii, 211–12, 213–14
fallout from his will 213–16
Talbot, George (grandson of BH) 117, 142
Talbot, Gertrude Manners 84, 238
Talbot, Gilbert, 7th Earl of Shrewsbury
refers to Bess as his ‘unkind mother-in-law’ 2n
marries Mary Talbot 89
keeps Bess informed of events in London and elsewhere 97, 146–7
sent on grand tour of France and Italy 109
questioned about his father’s competence 114
birth of his son George 117
takes on Goodrich castle 132–3
health of 138
attempts to mediate between his father and Bess 140–2
informs his parents of Leicester’s willingness to help Elizabeth and Arbella 145
treated kindly by Bess 148
friendship with his stepbrother Charles Cavendish 151
believed to be in cahoots with Bess against his father 153–4
warns Bess and Shrewsbury of possible removal of Mary from their custody 155
as his father’s heir 165
reports on his father’s raging incoherently 169
helps to look after Arbella 173, 201–2
father rails against 174, 194
continually in debt and constantly asks his father for help 183
devises a gout-friendly chair 183n
informs Bess of the doings of the Earl of Essex and the murder of Henry III 210–11
declares war on Eleanor Britton, his brothers, neighbours and Bess 214–16
prevaricates over payments to Bess 224–5, 263, 281, 285–7, 289
receives loans and cash from Bess 228, 242
receives affectionate letter from Bess 251
leases Welbeck Abbey to Charles Cavendish 261
entertains James VI on his way south 276
kept abreast of developments at Hardwick 282
implicated by association in the Gunpowder Plot 289
provides house plans for Cecil 290–1
warns Henry of William’s intentions after Bess’s death 292–3
reclaims his Talbot properties after Bess’s death 295
declining fortunes 298
Talbot, Henry 89, 148, 167, 169, 184, 214–15
Talbot, John 289
Talbot, Mary Cavendish, Countess of Shrewsbury (daughter of BH)
health of 58, 204, 251
marries Gilbert Talbot 89
remains at Chatsworth with Bess 109
gives birth to son George 117
character and description 122, 148
close relationship with Bess 147
pregnancy and birth of second daughter 153, 165
as Countess of Shrewsbury 165
h
elps to look after Arbella 173, 201–2
as known Catholic convert 193, 278, 289
vehemently disliked by Shrewsbury 194
receives affectionate letter from Shrewsbury 211–12, 291–2
asked to persuade Gilbert to bring murderer to justice 216
receives cash and gifts from Bess 228, 291
imprisoned after trying to help Arbella escape from England 279n
sends her mother a cushion to kneel upon 292
as beneficiary of Bess’s will 294
reaction to her mother’s death 295
as chief mourner at her mother’s funeral 297
Talbot (ship) 85
Tallis, Thomas 259
Talman, William 301
Temple Newsam (Yorkshire) 123, 126
Theobalds (Hertfordshire) 9, 24, 129–30, 137, 167, 198, 202, 204–5, 217, 222, 244
Throckmorton, Bess 229
Thynne, Christian Gresham 44
Thynne, Dorothy Wroughton 44
Thynne, Sir John 164, 298
builds and rebuilds Longleat 24, 44–6, 59, 61–2, 82–4, 130–1
leases his house at Brentford to the Cavendishes 40–1
friendship with the Cavendishes 42–3
confined to the Tower 44
helps Bess after the death of William Cavendish 52–3
informed of Bess’s marriage to St Loe 56
requested to send plasterer to Chatsworth 61
as possible husband for Bess 81–2
fire at Longleat 82–4
death of 131, 161
employs best craftsmen and materials 131
as ruthless, demanding employer 131, 221
Topcliffe, Richard 147, 192
Torre, Richard 164
Tower of London 8, 30, 31, 39, 40, 41, 44, 45, 54, 56, 66–7, 113, 279n, 289
Travice, Henry 281
Treason Act (1535) 7
Treaty of Edinburgh (1560) 93
Tresham, Francis 288
Tresham, Sir Thomas
builds Triangular Lodge in honour of the Trinity xxi, 80, 220 and note, 221
employs women to tend his lime kilns 64n
claims loyalty to Elizabeth and the Pope 109
regularly imprisoned as a recusant 220, 221
building costs 221
builds Lyveden New Bield 221
makes improvements to Rushton Hall 221–2
as ruthless, demanding employer 221
enhances his houses with gardens 222
pays Frances Pierrepont an annuity 222
Triangular Lodge, Hoxton (Northants) 80, 220 and note, 221
Tudor, David Owen 268
Tudor, Richard 268
Tuft, Richard (slater) 246
Turret House (Sheffield Manor) 120
Tutbury Castle 85, 90, 97–100, 159, 180, 210
Tyrone, Earl of 262
Victoria, Queen 301
Vitruvius 24, 162
Vredeman de Vries, Hans, Varia architecturae formae 162