by Jan Haldipur
6 City of New York, Department of Planning 2013.
7 City of New York, Department of Planning 2013.
8 Kasinitz et al. 2008.
9 Located in the Hunts Point section of the Bronx, this juvenile facility developed a less than desirable reputation for being particularly harsh on its juvenile detainees. It finally shut its doors in 2011.
10 Cooper 1999.
Chapter 5. Losing Your Right to the City
1 Shaw and McKay 1942.
2 Kubrin and Weitzer 2003, 374.
3 Clear 2007.
4 Sampson, Raudenbush, and Earls 1997.
5 Tyler (1988); Geller et al. (2014); Sunshine and Tyler (2003).
6 Tyler and Jackson 2013, 1.
7 Wiley and Esbensen 2013.
8 Fratello, Rengifo, and Trone 2013, 1.
9 Lipsky 2010.
10 Though presented as a popular alternative to more traditional approaches to policing, scholars like Alex Vitale (2017) and Steve Herbert (2006) argue that even this approach may simply increase the influence of police rather than empower the community itself.
11 In 2010, Schoolcraft leaked a series of recordings from Brooklyn’s 81st Precinct to the Village Voice. The recordings revealed evidence of manipulation of statistics as well as a quota system.
12 Greene 1999, 182.
Epilogue
1 Blake 2016.
2 Eder, Protess, and Dewan 2017.
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