Schell, Maximilian 394
Schley, Jan van: HetBrandende Eiland (‘The Burning Island’) 138–9, 140
Schouten, Wouter 27
Schröder, Mr (German anthropologist) 202
Schruit, Mr (telegraph-master) 168n, 213, 225, 245, 246, 247
Schuit, Mr (lighthouse keeper on Anjer) 168n
Schuit, Mr (Lloyd's agent at Anjer) 161, 168, 182–6, 193, 194, 213, 214
Schuit, Mrs (widow) 168n
Schuurman, A.L. 172, 173–4
Schwartz, Judy 379
Schweitzer, Christopher 47
Sclater, Dr Philip Lutley 73, 116
addresses the Linnean Society 52–3, 54
brilliant ornithologist 53
specialist in biogeography 53–4
pioneering work on bird-geography 54–6, 64
and the Wallace Line 56–7
‘On the General Geographical Distribution of the Members of the Class Aves' 53, 54–5
Scoresby Sund 80, 81
Scotia Arc, South Atlantic 111
Scotia (ship) 285
Scott, Robert 270–71
Scott, Robert and Strachey, Richard: ‘Notes on a Series of Barometrical Disturbances which Passed Over Europe between the 27th and 31st of August 1883' 271
Scott, Robert Falcon 79
sea-floor spreading 88, 94, 97, 105, 106, 116, 154, 171
sea-waves 242, 263, 282
Seal Island 102
Seattle 104
Sebesi Island (previously Zibbesie) 50, 165, 166
Sebuku Island 166
Second World War 90–91, 97
Sedgwick Museum, Cambridge 105
seismic shocks 248
seismographic network 107
Selborne, Hampshire 294n
Semarang, Java 2
Serang 261, 322, 323, 324, 339
Sertung Island (later Verlaten, now Sertung again) 118, 347, 354, 361, 366, 370, 374, 387
Seuss, Eduard 72n, 73
Shackleton, Sir Ernest 79
Shaka Calendar 128, 129
Shanghai 196, 278, 289
Shelley, Mary: Frankenstein 296
shells 60
Shepard, Jim: ‘Krakatau’ 150, 210
short waves 279, 280
Si-tiao community 132
Siberia 290
Sibesie Island 237, 260
Sicily 303
Sigurdsson, Professor Haraldur 133–4
Encyclopedia of Volcanoes 297, 397
Sikin, mas 376, 377, 386
Simkin, Tom and Fiske, Richard S.:
Krakatau 1883: The Volcanic
Eruption and Its Effects 396–7
Simla, India 144
Singapore 157, 158, 168, 187, 189, 190, 191, 200, 231, 233, 264n, 265, 278
Singapore Cricket Club 153
Sinkara Lake 126
Sir Robert Sale (British vessel) 230
Skerl (translator) 75
Skopje 378
slavery
in Batavia 42, 44–5, 46
on Rodriguez 261
Smith, William 69
Smithsonian Institution, Washington 287n, 312
Snider-Pellarini, Antonio 72n
Socoa, near Birritz 280, 281
sodium 304
Soenda Straits xv
solfataras 303, 326
Solferino, battle of 195
Solo, Java 2, 124, 127, 133, 153
Solo, sultan of 124
Solomon Islands 384n
Solor fort 29
South Africa 281, 287, 289
South America 67, 71, 72, 74, 308
South American Plate 308
South Atlantic 111
South China Sea 43, 161n, 182
South Georgia 274, 281
South Pole 74, 76, 84, 85, 281
Southampton 172n
South-East Asia 52, 224n
maps xiii, xiv
Southern Africa 197
Spaan, Mr van 211n
Spain, Spanish 13n, 14, 22, 29n
Spanish Netherlands 29n
Speenhof, Mr 46
Spice Islands, Islanders 33, 60, 297n
Spice Route 11, 13n
spiders, ballooning 356–9, 357, 361–2
Spitsbergen 87
Sri Lanka see Ceylon
stabilists 107–8
Steers Island 314, 347n
Sterling, Edward 194n
Stockholm 80
Stokes, Sir George 273n
Stonyhurst College 288
Stonyhurst weather observatory 270
Strachey, General Richard 271, 273n
stratosphere 285, 286, 313
stratospheric ash, cloud of 289–91
Sturdy, E.W. 220n
subduction 111, 112, 113, 154, 318, 319,388
subduction factories 307, 308–9, 320
subduction zones 110, 111, 114, 115, 116, 171, 308, 309, 312, 317, 319,388
Sudan 335n
Suez 191
Suez Canal 143, 183
Sufi movement 334, 337
Sukarno, General 145–6, 380
Sukarnoputri, Megawati 376
Sukhumi 190
Sulawesi 24, 55, 64, 66, 137
sulphur 302
sulphur dioxide gas 243, 388, 389
Suma Pars. 27
Sumatra 1, 6, 20, 26, 31, 48, 49, 55, 61, 78, 126, 169, 309, 374
Islamicized 17, 40
mapping 22, 24, 171
van Linschoten on 25
British colonial intentions 34
volcanically unstable 114–15
splits from Java 126, 155
and P'u-tei 132
earthquakes 154
and gutta-percha 188
warnings of forthcoming eruption (1883) 207
sky completely darkened (August 1883) 234
deaths from tephra 242–3, 245
plate tectonics 317
Islam in 342
rain forest 355
Sumbawa Island 294
sun
blue 287, 289
colorations 288
white corona 288
sun-compass 86
sun-gauges 267
Sunda country 125, 126
Sunda Kelapa, Jakarta 136–7, 147
Sunda (steam ferry-boat) 157, 168
Sunda Strait 3, 6, 22–3, 25–7, 45, 50, 111, 115, 119, 127, 148, 149, 155–8, 161n, 164–7, 170, 173, 175, 182, 183, 200, 204, 207, 210, 213, 219–21, 223, 226, 231, 233, 237–9, 241, 245, 249, 253, 258, 260, 272, 275, 278, 282, 298, 319, 338, 342, 345, 354, 355, 367n, 372, 376, 378–81
Sundanese 332, 333, 335
sunsets 287–93
supercontinents 73, 74, 88
Surabaya, Java 17, 153, 168, 172n, 278
Surapati 45
Surtsey Island, off Iceland 384n, 385
survival of the fittest 61–2
S.W. Silver & Company 187
swiftlets 21
Sydney 189, 264n
Sydney Morning Herald 232
Symons, G.J. 272–3
Tabr-iz, Persia 190
Tachard, Guy 27–8
Tambora, Mount, Sumbawa 5, 48, 244, 283n, 294–5, 296, 308n, 312, 393
Tambora language 295
Tamils 44
Tangier 325
tapirs 68
tarekat (Abdel Karim's brotherhood) 337
Tasmania 289
Taupo, Mount, New Zealand 5, 312
Taylor, Frank 72n
tea 141, 238–9, 330
Teheran 190
telegraph cable, submarine 5, 6, 146, 184, 187–92, 188
telegraph, electric 5, 7, 28n, 146, 167, 175, 179, 184, 186–7, 189–90, 192, 195, 215, 238, 246, 260
telegraph system 271
Telok Betong, Sumatra 166, 216, 219, 228, 234, 247, 249n, 250, 251, 253–9, 277
temperature 293–6
Tenison-Woods, Julian 232, 233n, 234n
Tennyson, Alfred, Lord
St Telemachus 286
‘ The Deep-Sea
Cables’ 191
tephra 242, 244
Tern Island 102
Ternate 56, 60, 61
Tertiary period 84, 87
Tethyan Ocean 73, 74
Texel 15, 19, 23
Thailand 21, 34n
Thames River 284, 290
Theodore the Studite, St 10
Theosophy 53n
thermometers, recording 267
Thiara carolitaciturni (a mollusc) 367n
Thomas Cook guides 143
Thomson, Captain 216, 231
Thomson, Ken 30
Thor, Mr (in Batavia) 205
thorium isotopes 109
Thornton, Ian 369
Krakatau: The Destruction and Reassembly of an Island Ecosystem 396
thrushes 55, 65, 66, 116, 137n
Thunderer, The 194
Thwart-the-Way Island 161n, 237, 260n, 278
Tidal Survey of India 276
tidal wave 242n, 313, 319
tide-gauges 276, 277, 278, 280, 282
tide-meter 252, 253–4, 277–8
Tiflis, Georgia 190
time zones 219, 248, 263
Times, The 179–80, 185, 185n, 186n, 187, 193–4, 197, 272, 291, 299
Timor 13n, 19, 23, 29, 55, 168
tin 148
Tjeringin, Java 238, 253, 260
Toba, Mount, Sumatra 5, 309, 312
tobacco 330
Tokyo 196, 200
Tonga 112, 384n
Tordesillas Line 13n, 14
Toronto 103, 274
transcurrent fault 106, 107
transform fault 105, 106, 106
tree-ring samples 129, 131, 133, 296
trees 137, 148, 166, 298
repopulation of Krakatoa Island 359–60
Trenton, New Jersey 263
Treub, Melchior 364, 365
trilobites 73
Trincomalee, Ceylon 264
Trobriand Islands 55
troposphere 285
Troy, New York 319
Tsingtao, Shandong peninsula 157–8n
tsunamis 113, 231, 242n, 244, 246, 249, 257, 275–8
Tunisia 295
Turkey 112, 290
Turkey Company 30
Turner, J.M.W. 283n
Tuzo Wilson, J. 101–7, 106, 109, 306
‘A New Class of Faults and Their Bearing on Continental Drift’ 105
Typhon 303
Tyringin, Java 246, 250, 259
Ujung Kulon National Park 379n
United States Coast Guard 93
United States Geological Survey 207, 375
United States Government 93
United States Navy 93, 107, 107
United States of America 197
evidence of crustal movement 91, 93
makes peace with Britain 139n
and Diego Garcia 263n
high number of volcanoes 308
Universit of Auckland 290
University of Graz, Austria 76
University of Hawaii 290
University of Melbourne 290
University of Rhode Island 133, 290, 397
Universit of Toronto 101
Unzen, Mount 244, 266, 378
uranium isotopes 109
Usk, south Wales 57
Utrecht 37
Vail, Alfred 146
van den Broecke, Mr (storekeeper) 35
van der Stok, Dr J.P. 162–4, 216
van der Stok, Mrs 162
Varanus salvator (five-banded swimming monitor lizard) 389–91, 390
Vava'u Group 384n
Venice 13, 34
Vening Meinesz, Felix 88–90
Verbeek, Dr Rogier Diederik Marius 170, 250n
employment 169–70, 171
misses first part of eruption 171
sees Krakatoa in July 1883 176
and van der Stok 216
on renewed activity of Krakatoa 347, 348
the first on to Krakatoa Island after 1883 eruption 356
Krakatau 169, 266–7, 313–14, 315, 347, 367, 397
Vereenigde Oost-Indische Compagnie (VOC) 48, 50, 119, 138, 144
chartered by the Dutch government 30, 31
rights 30
and capitalism 30
joint-stock company 30
‘Gentlemen Seventeen’ 31, 33
rules most of East Indies for two centuries 31
Coen and 35
corporate logo 38, 38
formative years 38–9
and Batavia 42, 47, 135, 139
hat rule 44n
courts 45
harsh treatment by security officers 47
employee care 48
buildings reportedly damaged by earthquake (1681) 50
and naval blockades 139
collapse in 1799 31, 141, 143
Vereker, Captain Hon. Foley 264–5, 272
Verlaten Island (previously and now Sertung) xv, 118n, 158n, 314, 318, 354
Vesuvius, Mount 12, 112, 171n, 393
Vietnam 34n, 128
Vigo, Spain 191–2
Villarica volcano 308
Villumsen, Rasmus 77
Visscher, Nicholas 25
Vlakke Hoek, Sumatra 234, 278
Vlekke, Bernard 136
Vogel, Johan Vilhelm 48–51, 134
Volcanic Explosivity Index (VEL) 309, 312, 313
volcanic heat 304
volcanic products 297
volcanic soils 297
volcanoes, number and size of 301
Volcanological Survey of Indonesia 376, 377
Vulcan 303
vulcanism 297, 305
vulcanology 314
Wafula, Dieudonné 307n
Wager, Lawrence 79
Waghenaer, Lucas Janszoon 25, 26–7
Waialeale, Mt, Kauai 102
Waldseemüller, Martin 22
Walker, Captain 157
Wallace, Alfred Russel 56, 73
on Ternate 56, 60, 61
Wallace Line theory 56, 57, 64, 65–6, 65, 68, 116
a pioneer of evolution science 57, 60, 62, 62
background 57, 62, 64, 69
interest in beetles and spiritualism 58
Amazonia trip 58–9
natural selection theory 58
collecting zeal in the East Indies 59–60
influences Darwin 60–61
health 61
survival of the fittest concept 61–2
gives Darwin all the credit 63
honoured 63
recognition of his achievements 63–4
and geology 66–8
Darwinism 63
The Malay Archipelago 63
Wallace, Alfred Russel – cont.
‘On the Law which has Regulated the Introduction of New Species’ 60
The Wonderful Century 62
Wallace Line 56, 57, 64, 65, 65–6, 68, 116
Wallis, James 262
Wapen vau ter Gos (yacht) 48
Warsaw 190
water 301, 302, 317, 318–19, 320
Watkins Gino 79
Watson, Captain W.J. 220–22
wayang kulit puppetry 124, 227
weather observatories 270–71
Webber, John 121, 122, 354–5
wedono (indigenous colonial officer) 253
Wegener, Alfred Lothar 71, 108
a meteorologist and Arctic explorer 70
personality 70
vilified and denied his academic reward 70, 76
recognition of 70
a generalist 70–71
continental drift theory 71–8, 88, 92, 97, 315
and fossil trails 73–4
meets Cloos 75
dies in Greenland 76–7
and Vening Meinesz 89
and rate of Gondwanaland's break-up 90
The Origin of the Continents and Oceans 71
Wegener, Kurt 72n
Wegener-Bergeron-Findeisen
procedure 70n
Weitzel, A.W.P. 143
Welcome Bay, Jav
a 161n, 220
Weltevreden 215
West Africa 14
West Island 222
Western Approaches 192
Westphalia, Treaty of (1648) 29n
W.H. Besse (American barque) 230
Wheeling, West Virginia 263
White, Gilbert: Natural History and Antiquities of Selborne 294n
Willem II, King of the Netherlands 151, 152n
Willem III, King of the Netherlands 148–51, 154, 329
Willem III Grammar School, Batavia 151
William of Orange 29n
Williams-Ellis, Amabel: Darwin's Moon 57
Wilson, Anna 199, 200, 201, 206
Wilson, John 199, 206
Wilson's Great World Circus 199–201, 201, 204–9, 321
Winchester, Simon
in Greenland expedition 79–86, 91
meets Harry Hess 98–9
meets Runcorn 100
visits Rakata 381, 382, 387
visits Anak Krakatoa 383–4, 386–91
Witti, Francis 265
World 291
Yemenis 339
Yokohama 278
Young America Hose Company 292
Zanzibar 297–8, 299
Zeeland 29n, 44
Zeeland (Dutch mail-packet) 157, 161
Zibbesie (later Sebesi) 50
Zijp, de (yacht) 48, 49, 51
zoogeography 54, 63, 64, 73
Zoological Society of London 53
* Some botanists regard the clove as more properly Eugenia caryophyllata, though all agree it is part of the family Myrtaceae, of which the evergreen myrtle is the best known.
* 1603–25.
* The Papal Donation in essence gave' the exploitation of the Western world to Spain and of the East to Portugal. The Spaniards, who were seamen and navigators of equal skill, had under papal supervision agreed with the Portuguese on the division of the conquerable planet – drawing Pope Julius II's so-called Tordesillas Line along the meridian 370 leagues to the west of the Cape Verde Islands (approximately 48 degrees west of Greenwich). To the west of the Line, Spain had a free hand – hence Mexico, Chile, California; to its east – which crucially included the coast of Brazil – Portugal could freely operate its caravels. And since Africa, Asia and the islands of the Spice Route lay similarly to the east of the Tordesillas Line, so Portugal dominated the exploration of the East and, for a while, the European pepper trade too. The antimeridian of the Tordesillas Line appears in the East too, of course, at around 129 degrees east of Greenwich. Spain colonized the Philippines as a consequence; and Portugal won parts of New Guinea and Timor. The Papal Donation, which had its origins in a ruling from Pope Alexander VI in 1493, cast a very long shadow indeed.
* Both had been imprisoned for their pains. They were alleged to have stolen a number of Portuguese portolanos, the secret charts and sailing directions carried on all expeditions. No doubt, given the furtive nature of their employment as ‘commercial representatives’ of the van Verre group, they were guilty as charged.
* In many accounts this small north-west Javan port-city appears with its original Portuguese-given spelling, ‘Bantam’, which suggests, probably not wholly accurately, that the small and eponymous chickens that are actually believed to have first come from Japan originated there.
Krakatoa: The Day the World Exploded Page 41