‘Watson, Crick and the future of DNA’ conference (1993) 385
Copenhagen – Kalckar’s lab 301–2
Double Helix, The 364–70, 385
education and PhD 300–301
Human Genome Project 385
Nature paper on mRNA 372
Nature papers with Crick 7, 344, 346–47, 351, 352
New York – Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory 385
Nobel Prize 361, 363, 364, 386
overview of xxiv
Pauling–Corey DNA model 330, 333
photograph 301
relationships
Crick 303
Franklin 357, 359
Weill, Adrienne 279, 280
Weismann, August 21
Wells, H.G. 116
What is Life? (Schrödinger) 193, 300
What Mad Pursuit (Crick) 383
wheat 168–69
white blood cells (leucocytes) 10, 11–12, 26, 133, 200
Whitehead, Detective-Inspector 226–27
Wilkins, Maurice
accolades
Albert Lasker Award 361
Nobel Prize 361–62, 363–64, 363
Nobel Prize lecture 363
Royal Society Fellowship 353
anxiety and depression 276–77
autobiography 369–70, 383–84
background and education 189–90
Berkeley – Radiation Laboratory 192–93
Birmingham – University
joining Randall’s Luminescence Lab 187, 190
nuclear fission work 192–93
PhD papers 191
British Society for Social Responsibility in Science 381, 382
conference presentations
Gordon Conference (1951) 296
Stazione Zoologica conference (1951) 286–87, 299, 302
death 384
divorce 194–95
Franklin, defence of 365
Franklin–Wilkins Building at King’s 384
Hiroshima bombing, reaction to 195
London – MRC Biophysics Unit
1951 colloquium 305, 306
1952 DNA paper 317
1952 MRC Biophysics Committee 320–21
appointed Assistant Director 265
Beighton’s X-ray photograph of DNA 290
Crick, 1952 letter to 316–17, 325
Crick–Watson DNA model, final 340–42, 343
Crick–Watson DNA model, initial 308–9, 310
Crick–Watson DNA model refinements 354, 355, 371
DNA microscopy work 327
DNA Photograph 51 327, 328–29, 328, 333
DNA story as ‘human pyramid’ 372
DNA structure research 265–68, 267, 275, 277, 293, 295–96, 296–97, 304, 306, 311, 315–16, 334–35, 372
Franklin–Gosling paper on DNA ‘B’form 343
Franklin’s departure 322
Fraser’s DNA model 306–7
‘London–Cambridge Rat Race’ 330–31, 332, 335
move to King’s 228, 262
neuroscience research 382
protein structure meeting, MRC (1951) 293–94
Stokes’ ‘Waves at Bessel-on-Sea’ drawing 295
talks with Watson and Crick 304–5
visit to Signer’s lab 316, 317
marriage, first 193
marriage, second 354–55
Nature paper (with Gosling) 275
Nature paper (with Stokes/Wilson) 343–44, 346
Nunn Mays, lodging with 227
offer to join Cavendish lab 315
overview of xxiv-xxv
Pauling–Corey DNA model 330, 331–32
photograph 187
Randall, opinion of 190
Randall’s obituary 382–83
relationships
Crick 268, 270, 274–75, 299, 310, 329–30, 383–84
Franklin 284–85, 294, 297–98, 315–16, 316–17, 383
Randall 187, 191, 276, 282–83, 287
Schrödinger’s ideas, dismissal of 235
St Andrews – University 194, 225, 226
Third Man of the Double Helix, The 384
Watson’s book, reaction to 365, 368
Watson’s Hardy Club talk on DNA model 349
Wilson, Edmund 116–17
Wilson, Herbert 334, 344, 346
wool 155–56
Wright, Sir Almroth 144
X-ray diffraction (crystallography)
‘Astbury-Yardley Tables’ 124
Bernal’s research 160, 254–55
Bragg and Bragg’s advancements of 100–102, 122–26
Bragg’s Law 100–101
of cytidine 256–57
of DNA
Beighton’s photographs 288–90, 289
Franklin and Gosling’s research 284, 319–20, 322
Photograph 51 322, 327–28, 328, 329, 333, 342, 345
Wilkins and Gosling’s research 265–68, 267, 293
Wilkins’ refinements to Crick–Watson model 354, 361
Wilkins’ research 315, 316
Wilkins, Stokes and Wilson research 346
Fourier transformation 126
Franklin’s work in Paris 280
of human hair 128, 154, 378
importance in DNA story 118
Laue’s development of 94–96, 96
Lawrence Bragg’s research 126
of natural fibres 155–58
Patterson function 292
of pepsin 255
Stokes’ ‘Waves at Bessel-on-Sea’ drawing 294–95
of thymonucleic acid 160–61, 224
of tobacco mosaic virus (TMV) 310–11, 323, 357
Vand’s theorem 307
of viruses 357, 358, 359
William Bragg’s Royal Institution research group 122–26
X-ray spectrometer 100
X-ray Study of some Nucleosides and Nucleotides, An (Furberg) 257
X-rays
causing chromosomal mutations 66, 230
eugenics, use in 174
waves 98–99
William Bragg’s research 95–96
X-Rays and Crystal Structure (Bragg and Bragg) 102
Yardley, Kathleen 123–26, 127
yeast nucleic acid 75, 85–86, 90, 181; see also RNA (ribonucleic acid)
yeast nuclein 70–71, 73–74
Zacharias, Eduard 35
Also by Gareth Williams
Angel of Death: The Story of Smallpox (2010)
Paralysed with Fear: The Story of Polio (2013)
A Monstrous Commotion: The Mysteries of Loch Ness (2015)
with Gema Frühbeck
Obesity: Science to Practice (2009)
with John Pickup
Textbook of Diabetes, editions 1–3 (1991–2002)
Handbook of Diabetes, editions 1–3 (1992–2002)
UNRAVELLING THE DOUBLE HELIX
Pegasus Books Ltd.
148 West 37th Street, 13th Floor
New York, NY 10018
Copyright © 2019 by Gareth Williams
First Pegasus Books hardcover edition October 2019
All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced in whole or in part without written permission from the publisher, except by reviewers who may quote brief excerpts in connection with a review in a newspaper, magazine, or electronic publication; nor may any part of this book be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or other, without written permission from the publisher.
Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data is available
ISBN: 978-1-64313-215-0
ISBN: 978-1-64313-283-9 (ebook)
Distributed by W. W. Norton & Company, Inc.
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