11. Cf. Thomas J. interview, June 2012.
12. Berdahl, Where the World Ended, 78; Hubertus Knabe, Umweltkonflikte im Sozialismus: Möglichkeiten und Grenzen gesellschaftlicher Problemartikulation in sozialistischen Systemen: Eine vergleichende Analyse der Umweltdiskussion in der DDR und Ungarn (Cologne, 1994), 312.
13. Knabe, Umweltkonflikte im Sozialismus, 121.
14. Knabe, Umweltkonflikte im Sozialismus, 128–9, 143.
15. ‘Es geht um mehr als Bäumepflanzen: Interview mit einer Schweriner Umweltinitiative’, Kirche im Sozialismus, 5–6 (1980); cf. Felix R. interview, April 2013; Hubertus Knabe, Umweltkonflikte im Sozialismus, 315–16, 318, 346.
16. Exhibition at the Tränenpalast in Berlin.
17. Knabe, Umweltkonflikte im Sozialismus, 325.
18. Cf. Katharina Furian interview, June 2012; Anne Marie B. interview, June 2012; Hans-Michael S. interview, April 2012.
19. Rusch, Meine Freie Deutsche Jugend, 129.
20. Uwe Wunderlich quoted in Heins, The Wall Falls, 109.
21. Sheffer, Burned Bridge, 167.
22. Cf. Heike K. interview, February 2013; Hanno H. interview, January 2013.
23. Kurt Hager interview with Der Stern (10 April 1987); Andreas Glaeser, Divided in Unity: Identity, Germany and the Berlin Police (Chicago, 2000), 109.
24. Cf. Katharina Furian, interview June 2012; DTA 1071/1, Anonymous diary, 1988–1989, pp. 97, 140.
25. Peter Grieder, ‘ “To Learn from the Soviet Union is to Learn How to Win”: The East German Revolution, 1989–1990’, in Kevin McDermott and Matthew Stibbe (eds.), Revolution and Resistance in Eastern Europe: Challenges to Communist Rule (Oxford, 2006), 157.
26. Glaeser, Divided in Unity, 110.
27. Roland Jahn, ‘Wissen, wie es war’, in Michael Hacker et al. (eds.), Dritte Generation Ost: Wer wir sind, was wir wollen (Berlin, 2012), 75.
28. Cf. Heike K. interview, February 2013; Hans-Joachim D. interview, February 2013; Jonathan Grix and Paul Cooke (eds.), East German Distinctiveness in a Unified Germany (Birmingham, 2002), 10.
Chapter 3
1. Christine Leuenberger, ‘From the Berlin Wall to the West Bank Barrier: How Material Objects and Psychological Theories Can Be Used to Construct Individual and Cultural Traits’, in Katharina Gerstenberger and Jana Evans Braziel (eds.), After the Berlin Wall: Germany and Beyond (London, 2011), 60.
2. Cf. Hanno H. interview, January 2013.
3. Cf. Claudia S. interview, June 2012; Katharina Furian interview, June 2012; Heike K. interview, February 2013; DTA 1071/1, Anonymous diary, 1988–1989, p. 125.
4. Cf. Dirk L. interview, March 2013.
5. Cf. Anne Marie B. interview, June 2012.
6. Robert Ide, Geteilte Träume: Meine Eltern, die Wende und ich (Munich, 2009), 79; Jonathan Grix, The Role of the Masses in the Collapse of the GDR (London, 2000), 23–4.
7. Derek Lewis, ‘The GDR: Wende and Legacy’, in Lewis and John R. P. McKenzie (eds.), The New Germany: Social, Political and Cultural Challenges of Unification (Exeter, 1995), 58; Elizabeth A. Ten Dyke, Dresden: Paradoxes of Memory in History (New York, 2001), 209.
8. Ruth Hoffman, Stasi-Kinder: Aufwachsen im Ueberwachungsstaat (Berlin, 2012), 256.
9. Roger Willemsen, ‘Ein kleines Winken’, in Julia Franck (ed.), Grenzübergänge: Autoren aus Ost und West erinnern sich (Frankfurt am Main, 2009), 157; Ide, Geteilte Träume, 62.
10. Jürgen A. K. Thomaneck, ‘From Euphoria to Reality: Social Problems of Post-Unification’ in Lewis and McKenzie (eds.), The New Germany, 27–8.
11. Eva Windmöller and Thomas Höpker, Leben in der DDR (Hamburg, 1980), 88; Hans-Jürgen van der Gieth, Leben und Alltag im geteilten Deutschland (Kempen, 2001), 26.
12. Daphne Berdahl, Where the World Ended: Re-Unification and Identity in the German Borderland (Berkeley and Los Angeles, 1999), 120.
13. Berdahl, When the World Ended, 118–21.
14. Björn Held, ‘Bei der tiefen Stimme der “Gloriosa” ’, in Werner Filmer and Heribert Schwann (eds.), Alltag im anderen Deutschland (Düsseldorf, 1985), 121–2; Anne Marie B. interview, June 2012; Matthias S. interview, February 2012; Judd Stitziel, ‘Shopping, Sewing, Networking, Complaining: Consumer Culture and the Relationship between State and Society in the GDR’, in Katherine Pence and Paul Betts (eds.), Socialist Modern: East German Everyday Culture and Politics (Ann Arbor, 2008), 253; Eva Kolinsky (ed.), Between Hope and Fear: Everyday Life in Post-Unification East Germany (Keele, 1995), 30; Anne McElvoy, The Saddled Cow: East Germany’s Life and Legacy (London, 1992), 233; Berdahl, Where the World Ended, 15.
15. Cf. Dirk L. interview, March 2013.
16. Cf. Anne Marie B. interview, June 2012.
17. Cf. Anna-Maria G. questionnaire, February 2012; Angela H. interview, October 2011.
18. Cf. Heike K. interview, February 2013.
19. Cf. Andreas S. interview, April 2012; cf. Ide, Geteilte Träume, 62.
20. The name of Lisa’s boyfriend has been changed.
21. Hoffman, Stasi-Kinder, 26, 84.
22. Cf. Ralph Hoppe interview, June 2012; Katharina Furian interview June 2012.
23. Cf. Christian Luchmann interview, April 2012; Jürgen Weber, Germany 1945–1990: A Parallel History (New York, 2004), 212; Andreas Glaeser, Divided in Unity: Identity, Germany and the Berlin Police (Chicago, 2000), 2.
24. Cf. Thomas J. interview, June 2012; Claudia S. interview, June 2012; Anne Marie B. interview, June 2012.
25. Cf. Thomas J. interview, June 2012.
26. SED rule was most notably challenged in the uprising of June 1953.
27. DTA 1071/1, Anonymous diary, 1988–1989, pp. 12, 34.
28. Cf. Dirk L. interview, March 2013.
29. Cf. Claudia S. interview, June 2012.
Chapter 4
1. Dagmar Herzog, ‘East Germany’s Sexual Evolution’, in Katherine Pence and Paul Betts (eds.), Socialist Modern (Ann Arbor, 2008), 37; see also Josie McLellan, Love in the Time of Communism (Cambridge, 2011).
2. Cf. Angelique L.’s questionnaire from February 2012; Felix R.’s interview, April 2013.
3. Gottfried’s name has been changed to protect his anonymity.
4. Exhibition at the Tränenpalast in Berlin.
5. Uwe Kolbe, ‘Tabu’, in Julia Franck (ed.), Grenzübergänge: Autoren aus Ost und West erinnern sich (Frankfurt am Main, 2009), 39.
6. Claudia Rusch, Meine Freie Deutsche Jugend (Frankfurt am Main, 2003), 16; Anne McElvoy, The Saddled Cow: East Germany’s Life and Legacy (London, 1992), 102–3. See also Paul Betts, Within Walls: Private Life in the German Democratic Republic (Oxford, 2010).
7. Werner Filmer and Heribert Schwann (eds.), Alltag im anderen Deutschland (Düsseldorf, 1985); Ernest D. Plock, East German–West German Relations and the Fall of the GDR (Oxford, 1993), 69–70.
8. Jürgen Weber, Germany 1945–1990: A Parallel History (New York, 2004), 150–1.
9. Mario later discovered that the GDR falsified the maps they sold, distorting distances. For further details see Edith Sheffer, Burned Bridge: How East and West Germans Made the Iron Curtain (Oxford, 2011), 197.
10. Peter Erler and Hubertus Knabe, The Prohibited District: The Stasi Restricted Area Berlin Hohenschönhausen (Berlin, 2008), 18; Thassilo Borchart quoted in Cornelia Heins, The Wall Falls: An Oral History of the Reunification of the Two Germanies (London, 1994), 156; Ines Veith, Die Frau vom Checkpoint Charlie (Munich, 2006), 22.
11. Erler and Knabe, The Prohibited District, 46; Anthony Glees, ‘Social Transformation Studies and Human Rights Abuses in East Germany after 1945’, in Chris Flockton and Eva Kolinsky (eds.), Recasting East Germany: Social Transformation after the GDR (London, 1999), 173.
12. Erler and Knabe, The Prohibited District, 62.
13. Ekkehard Kaul quoted in Gilbert Furian (ed.), Mehl aus Mielkes Mühlen: Politische Häftlinge und ihre Verfolger (Berlin, 2008), 222–3.
14. DTA 1071/1, Anonymous diary, 1988–1989, p. 97.
15. Kla
us Freymuth quoted in Furian (ed.), Mehl aus Mielkes Mühlen, 69–70; DTA 1511,2, Angela Kowalczyk, March 1982.
16. Bärbel Schleim quoted in Furian (ed.), Mehl aus Mielkes Mühlen, 76; Gilbert Furian quoted in Furian (ed.), Mehl aus Mielkes Mühlen, 167.
17. Ruth Hoffman, Stasi-Kinder: Aufwachsen im Ueberwachungsstaat (Berlin, 2012), 100–1.
18. Ines Veith, Leben und Alltag … der DDR-Flüchtlinge (Kempen, 2010), 21.
19. Veith, Leben und Alltag … der DDR-Flüchtlinge, 37.
20. Ulrike Poppe quoted in Heins, The Wall Falls, 335–6; Martin Bernhardt quoted in Furian (ed.), Mehl aus Mielkes Mühlen, 134; Ulrike Poppe quoted in Heins, The Wall Falls, 335–6; David Gill quoted in Heins, The Wall Falls, 333; Veith, Leben und Alltag … der DDR-Flüchtlinge, 34.
21. Sheffer, Burned Bridge, 201; Klaus Freymuth quoted in Furian (ed.), Mehl aus Mielkes Mühlen, 67.
22. Hoffman, Stasi-Kinder, 176.
23. Erler and Knabe, The Prohibited District, 11, 42; Dr Wulf Rothenbaecher quoted in Heins, The Wall Falls, 118, 123; Veith, Leben und Alltag … der DDR-Flüchtlinge, 44–5; David Childs, The Fall of the GDR: Germany’s Road to Unity (Edinburgh, 2001), 27; McElvoy, The Saddled Cow, 190.
24. Ludwig A. Rehlinger, Freikauf: Die Geschäfte der DDR mit politisch Verfolgten 1963–1989 (Berlin, 1991).
25. Heinz Loesner quoted in Furian (ed.), Mehl aus Mielkes Mühlen, 106.
26. Jutta Zschau quoted in Furian (ed.), Mehl aus Mielkes Mühlen, 132.
27. Cf. Peggy M., interview January 2013; Carola Koehler, interview June 2012; Hanna K., interview December 2011.
28. DTA, Reg. Nr. 2166,1, 13 November 1989.
29. Derek Lewis, ‘The GDR: Wende and Legacy’, in Lewis and John R. P. McKenzie (eds.), The New Germany: Social, Political and Cultural Challenges of Unification (Exeter, 1995), 68.
30. Cf. Claudia S. interview, June 2012; Rusch, Meine Freie Deutsche Jugend, 115; Mike Dennis, ‘The East German Family: Change and Continuity’, in Flockton and Kolinsky (eds.), Recasting East Germany, 88–9.
31. Hans-Joachim Maaz, Behind the Wall: The Inner Life of Communist Germany (New York, 1995), 79.
32. DTA 1071/1, Anonymous diary, 1988–1989, p. 148.
33. Cf. Anne Marie B. interview, June 2012; Rusch, Meine Freie Deutsche Jugend, 148.
34. Amongst other places, the prison at Hohenschönhausen had lino flooring.
35. Erler and Knabe, The Prohibited District, 21; Heins, The Wall Falls, 340.
36. McElvoy, The Saddled Cow, 73–6; Heins, The Wall Falls, 98.
37. Cf. Matthias S. interview, February 2012; A. James McAdams, Judging the Past in Unified Germany (Cambridge, 2001), 15, 66.
38. Konrad Jarausch, Hinrich C. Seeba, and David P. Conradt, ‘The Presence of the Past’, in Jarausch (ed.), After Unity (Berghahn, 1997), 53; Marianne Birthler, ‘Epilogue: The End of Dictatorship and Its Aftermath: Personal Reflections of the Federal Commissioner for the Records of the State Security Agency of the German Democratic Republic’, in Peter C. Caldwell and Robert R. Shandley, German Unification: Expectations and Outcomes (London, 2011), 178; McElvoy, The Saddled Cow, 134.
39. Wolfgang Schäuble quoted in Heins, The Wall Falls, 257.
40. Heins, The Wall Falls, 331.
Chapter 5
1. Mario Röllig interview, December 2011.
2. Victor Sebetsyen, Revolution 1989: The Fall of the Soviet Empire (New York, 2009).
3. Angela H. interview, October 2011.
4. Cf. Angela H. interview October 2011; Christoph Klessmann, Kinder der Opposition: Berichte aus Pfarrhäusern in der DDR (Gütersloh, 1993), 68; Michael Hacker et al. (eds.), Dritte Generation Ost: Wer wir sind, was wir wollen (Berlin, 2012), 51.
5. John Sandford, ‘The Peace Movement and the Church’, in Gert-Joachim Gaessner and Ian Wallace (eds.), The German Revolution of 1989: Causes and Consequences (Oxford, 1993), 127; Hans-Jürgen van der Gieth, Leben und Alltag im geteilten Deutschland (Kempen, 2001), 44; Daphne Berdahl, Where the World Ended: Re-Unification and Identity in the German Borderland (Berkeley and Los Angeles, 1999), 91.
6. Klessmann, Kinder der Opposition, 41–2, 131.
7. Cf. Angela H. interview June 2012; Anne Marie B. interview, June 2012; Friedrich Schorlemmer quoted in Cornelia Heins, The Wall Falls: An Oral History of the Reunification of the Two Germanies (London, 1994), 218.
8. Cf. Anne Marie B. interview, June 2012.
9. Mary Fulbrook, Anatomy of a Dictatorship: Inside the GDR, 1949–1989 (Oxford, 1995), 50.
10. Angela H. interview, October 2011; see also Anna-Maria G. questionnaire, February 2012.
11. Klessmann, Kinder der Opposition, 98.
12. Anne-Marie B. interview, June 2012; Angela H. interview, October 2011; Claudia Rusch, Meine Freie Deutsche Jugend (Frankfurt am Main, 2003), 35.
13. Rusch, Meine Freie Deutsche Jugend, 27.
14. Cf. Hans-Michael S. interview, April 2012; Matthias S. interview, February 2012; Angela H. interview, October 2011; DTA 1071/1, Anonymous diary, 1988–1989, pp. 91, 123; Klessmann, Kinder der Opposition, 7; Andrea Backhaus in Hacker et al. (eds.), Dritte Generation Ost, 18.
15. DTA 1071/1, Anonymous diary, 1988–1989, p. 136; Peter Grieder, ‘ “To Learn from the Soviet Union is to Learn How to Win”: The East German Revolution, 1989–1990’, in Kevin McDermott and Matthew Stibbe (eds.), Revolution and Resistance in Eastern Europe: Challenges to Communist Rule (Oxford, 2006), 162.
16. David Childs, The Fall of the GDR: Germany’s Road to Unity (Edinburgh, 2001), 43.
17. Karl Cordell, ‘The Church: Coming to Terms with Change’, in Kolinsky (ed.), Between Hope and Fear (Keele, 1995), 123–7.
18. Konrad Jarausch, Hinrich C. Seeba, and David P. Conradt, ‘The Presence of the Past’ in Jarausch (ed.), After Unity (Berghahn, 1997), 41.
19. Cf. Angela H. interview, October 2011.
20. Geoffrey Pridham, The Democratization of Eastern Europe (London, 1994), 52; DTA 1071/1, Anonymous diary, 1988–1989, p. 82; Rusch, Meine Freie Deutsche Jugend, 124.
21. Heins, The Wall Falls, 212.
22. Cf. Matthias S. interview, February 2012.
23. Ann Taylor Allen, Women in Twentieth Century Europe (London, 2008), 132–49.
24. Cf. Angela H. interview, October 2011; Klessmann, Kinder der Opposition, 94, 103–4.
25. Cf. Thomas S. questionnaire, February 2012; Edith Sheffer, Burned Bridge: How East and West Germans Made the Iron Curtain (Oxford, 2011), 227.
26. Elizabeth A. Ten Dyke, Dresden: Paradoxes of Memory in History (New York, 2001), xxi; cf. Heike K. interview, February 2013.
27. DTA 1071/1, Anonymous diary, 1988–1989, p. 127.
28. Cf. Matthias S. interview, February 2012; Anne Marie B. interview, June 2012; Thomas J. interview, June 2012; Romy Koehler and Susanne Herrmann-Sinai, ‘Denken in Grenzen’, in Hacker et al. (eds.), Dritte Generation Ost, 182.
29. Exhibition notes at the DDR Museum, Berlin.
30. Cf. Anna-Maria G. questionnaire, February 2012; Hans-Michael S., interview April 2012; Thassilo Borchart quoted in Heins, The Wall Falls, 102; Judd Stitziel, ‘Shopping, Sewing, Networking, Complaining: Consumer Culture and the Relationship between State and Society in the GDR’, in Katherine Pence and Paul Betts (eds.), Socialist Modern (Ann Arbor, 2008), 253.
31. Cf. Anna-Maria G. questionnaire, February 2012; Thomas J., interview June 2012.
32. Juliane Koehler, ‘Wie in einem alten Film: Eindrücke einer Klassenfahrt in die DDR’, Die Zeit, Nr.3 v.15.1. 1982, p. 41, quoted in Gieth, Leben und Alltag im geteilten Deutschland, 37–8.
33. Cf. Hanno H. interview, January 2013; Dyke, Dresden, 177.
34. Wille Bremkes, ‘Wenn DDR-Bürger Urlaub machen’ [When GDR Citizens Go on Vacation], Frankfurter Rundschau, 30 August 1980.
35. Gilbert Furian (ed.), Mehl aus Mielkes Mühlen: Politische Häftlinge und ihre Verfolger (Berlin, 2008).
36. Paul Betts, Within Walls: Private Life in the German Democratic Republic (Oxf
ord, 2010).
37. Angela H. interview, October 2011.
38. Andreas Glaeser, Divided in Unity: Identity, Germany and the Berlin Police (Chicago, 2000), 44.
39. Sheffer, Burned Bridge, 234.
40. Kristina Matschat quoted in Heins, The Wall Falls, 321.
41. Angela H. interview, October 2011; Rusch, Meine Freie Deutsche Jugend,64; Hacker et al. (eds.), Dritte Generation Ost, 44, 80, 83; ‘Bin ich ostdeutsch? Vom Umgang mit den kleinen Unterschieden’, SUPERIllu, 30 (2012), 13.
42. Berdahl, Where the World Ended, 157–8; Anne McElvoy, The Saddled Cow: East Germany’s Life and Legacy (London, 1992), 209.
43. Rusch, Meine Freie Deutsche Jugend, 86; Childs, The Fall of the GDR, 28.
44. Cf. Thomas S. questionnaire, February 2012.
45. Cf. Heike K. interview, February 2013; Robert Ide, Geteilte Träume: Meine Eltern, die Wende und ich (Munich, 2009), 121.
46. Berdahl, Where the World Ended, 167, 173.
47. Cf. Dirk L. interview, March 2013; Hans-Joachim D. interview, February 2013; Ruth Hoffman, Stasi-Kinder: Aufwachsen im Ueberwachungsstaat (Berlin, 2012), 144.
48. Cf. Angela H. interview, October 2011.
Chapter 6
1. Armin Mitter and Stefan Wolle, Untergang auf Raten (Munich, 1993), 7.
2. Katharina Furian interview, June 2012.
3. Jonathan Grix, The Role of the Masses in the Collapse of the GDR (London, 2000), 23–4.
4. Cf. Hanno H. interview, January 2013.
5. Cf. Ralph Hoppe interview, June 2012; Thomas J. interview, June 2012; DTA 1071/1, Anonymous diary, 1988–1989, p. 106. See also Claudia Rusch, Meine Freie Deutsche Jugend (Frankfurt am Main, 2003), 28.
6. Mary Fulbrook, Dissonant Lives (Oxford, 2011), 384; Matthias S. interview, February 2012; Ralf Matschat quoted in Cornelia Heins, The Wall Falls: An Oral History of the Reunification of the Two Germanies (London, 1994), 154; Stuart Parkes, Understanding Contemporary Germany (London, 1997), 7; Ruth Hoffman, Stasi-Kinder: Aufwachsen im Ueberwachungsstaat (Berlin, 2012), 74.
7. Cf. Ralph Hoppe interview, June 2012.
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