Mitter, Armin, and Wolle, Stefan, Untergang auf Raten: Unbekannte Kapitel der DDR-Geschichte (Munich, 1993).
Moses, John, and Munro, Gregory, ‘The Role of the Churches in the Collapse of the GDR’, in Alter and Monteath, Rewriting the German Past, 222–52.
Oezdamar, Emine Sevgi, ‘Lieber Besson’, in Franck (ed.), Grenzübergänge, 128–40.
Palmowski, Jan, Inventing a Socialist Nation: Heimat and the Politics of Everyday Life in the GDR, 1945–1990 (Cambridge, 2009).
Parkes, Stuart, Understanding Contemporary Germany (London, 1997).
Passerini, Luisa (ed.), Memory and Totalitarianism (Oxford, 1992).
Pence, Katherine, and Betts, Paul (eds.), Socialist Modern: East German Everyday Culture and Politics (Ann Arbor, 2008).
Perks, Robert, Oral History: Talking about the Past (2nd edn., London, 1995).
Perks, Robert, and Thomson, Alistair (eds.), The Oral History Reader (2nd edn., London, 2006).
Philipsen, Dirk, We Were the People: Voices From East Germany’s Revolutionary Autumn of 1989 (London, 1993).
Pittaway, Mark, Eastern Europe 1939–2000 (New York, 2004).
Plock, Ernest D., East German–West German Relations and the Fall of the GDR (Oxford, 1993).
Preuss, Ulrich K., ‘Political Institutions and German Unification’, in Caldwell and Shandley (eds.), German Unification, 137–52.
Pridham, Geoffrey, The Democratization of Eastern Europe (London, 1994).
Pritchard, Gareth, The Making of the GDR, 1945–1953 (Manchester, 2000).
Rehlinger, Ludwig A., Freikauf: Die Geschäfte der DDR mit politisch Verfolgten 1963–1989 (Berlin, 1991).
Richthofen, Esther von, Bringing Culture to the Masses: Control, Compromise and Participation in the GDR (New York, 2009).
Ritchie, Donald, Doing Oral History: A Practical Guide (New York, 2003).
Ritter, Gerhard A., The Price of German Unity: Reunification and the Crisis of the Welfare State (Oxford, 2011).
Rodden, John, Repainting the Little Red Schoolhouse: A History of East German Education, 1945–1995 (Oxford, 2002).
Ross, Corey, The East German Dictatorship: Problems and Perspectives in the Interpretation of the GDR (London, 2002).
Ross, Corey, ‘Protecting the Accomplishments of Socialism? The Remilitarization of Life in the German Democratic Republic’, in Patrick Major (ed.), The Workers’ and Peasants’ State: Communism and Society in East German under Ulbricht (Manchester, 2002), 78–94.
Rubin, David (ed.), Remembering our Past: Studies in Autobiographical Memory (Cambridge, 1995).
Rusch, Claudia, Meine Freie Deutsche Jugend (Frankfurt am Main, 2003).
Sandford, John, ‘The Peace Movement and the Church’, in Gässner and Wallace (eds.), The German Revolution of 1989, 124–43.
Saunders, Anna, Honecker’s Children: Youth and Patriotism in East(ern) Germany, 1979–2002 (Manchester, 2007).
Scharf, Thomas, ‘Older People: Coping with the Challenges of Everyday Life’ in Kolinsky (ed.), Between Hope and Fear, 201–25.
Schöpflin, George, Politics in Eastern Europe (Oxford, 1993).
Schreiter, Anne, ‘Bin ich ostdeutsch? Vom Umgang mit den kleinen Unterschieden’, in Hacker et al. (eds.), Dritte Generation Ost, 78–80.
Schweizer, Peter (ed.), The Fall of the Berlin Wall: Reassessing the Causes and Consequences of the End of the Cold War (Stanford, Calif., 2000).
Seibel, Wolfgang, ‘The Quest for Freedom and Stability: Political Choices and the Economic Transformation of East Germany, 1989–1991’, in Caldwell and Shandley (eds.), German Unification, 99–120.
Seifter, Pavel, ‘Foreword’, in McDermott and Stibbe (eds.), Revolution and Resistance in Eastern Europe, pp. xiii–xiv.
Sheffer, Edith, Burned Bridge: How East and West Germans Made the Iron Curtain (Oxford, 2011).
Stämmler, Johannes, ‘Ich entdecke den Osten neu: Ein Interview mit dem Chefredakteur der SUPERillu, Robert Schneider’, in Hacker et al. (eds.), Dritte Generation Ost, 161–9.
Stämmler, Johannes, ‘Wir, die stumme Generation Ost’, in Hacker et al. (eds.), Dritte Generation Ost, 212–15.
Starke, Uta, ‘Young People: Lifestyles, Expectations and Value Orientations since the Wende’, in Kolinsky (ed.), Between Hope and Fear, 155–75.
Stevenson, Patrick, and Theobald, John (eds.), Relocating Germanness: Discursive Disunity in Unified Germany (Basingstoke, 2000).
Stitziel, Judd, ‘Shopping, Sewing, Networking, Complaining: Consumer Culture and the Relationship between State and Society in the GDR’, in Pence and Betts (eds.), Socialist Modern, 253–86.
Swain, Geoffrey, and Swain, Nigel, Eastern Europe since 1945 (Basingstoke, 2009).
Taylor, Frederick, The Berlin Wall: 13 August 1961–9 November 1989 (London, 2009).
Taylor Allen, Ann, ‘Too Emancipated?: Women in the Soviet Union and Eastern Europe, 1945–1989’, in Taylor Allen (ed.), Women in Twentieth-Century Europe (Basingstoke, 2008), 97–114.
Thiedemann, Elviera, Es kame in langer lichter Herbst: Tagebuch der Wendezeit 1989/90 (Berlin, 2000), 46–7.
Thomaneck, Jürgen A. K., ‘From Euphoria to Reality: Social Problems of Post-Unification’, in Lewis and McKenzie (eds.), The New Germany, 7–30.
Thompson, Paul, The Voice of the Past (3rd edn., Oxford, 2000).
Veith, Ines, Die Frau vom Checkpoint Charlie (Munich, 2006).
Veith, Ines, Leben und Alltag … der DDR-Flüchtlinge (Kempen, 2010).
Warchold, Katja, ‘ “So etwas ist in meiner DDR nich vorgekommen”: Erinnerungen an ein Aufwachsen in der DDR und im vereinten Deutschland’, in Hacker et al. (eds.), Dritte Generation Ost, 58–72.
Weber, Hermann, ‘Rewriting the History of the German Democratic Republic: The Work of the Commission of Inquiry’, in Alter and Monteath (eds.), Rewriting the German Past, 197–207.
Weber, Jürgen, Germany 1945–1990: A Parallel History (New York, 2004).
Wessendorf, Jana, and Wessendorf, Anne, ‘Wendekinder:. Zwei Schwestern im Gespräch’, in Hacker et al. (eds.), 81–92.
Wilkinson Johnson, Molly, Training Socialist Citizens: Sports and the State in East Germany (Brill, 2008).
Windmöller, Eva, and Höpker, Thomas, Leben in der DDR (Hamburg, 1980).
Wolle, Stefan, Die heile Welt der Diktatur: Alltag und Herrschaft in der DDR 1971–1989 (Berlin, 2001).
Zilch, Dorle, Millionen unter der blauen Fahne (Rostock, 1994).
Zimmermann, Hartmut (eds.), DDR Handbuch (3rd edn., Cologne, 1985), 2 vols.
Magazine Articles
‘Alle wollen an die Ostsee reisen’, Der Tagesspiegel, 23 May 1963.
‘Bin ich ostdeutsch? Vom Umgang mit den kleinen Unterschieden’, SUPERillu, 30 (2012), 13.
‘Bless Our Pax Americana’, by Charles Krauthammer, Washington Post, 22 March 1991.
‘Der Ossi: Ausländer im eigenen Land’, by Rebecca Pates and Andreas Debski, Märkisches Allgemeine, 13 December 2012.
‘Divided Germany Appears as Year of War and Wall Anniversaries Begin’, by Philip Oltermann, The Guardian, 2 January 2014.
‘Es geht um mehr als Bäumepflanzen: Interview mit einer Schweriner Umweltinitiative’, Kirche im Sozialismus, 5–6 (1980).
‘Geboren in der DDR, aufgewachsen in der BRD’, by Nikola Richter, Der Tagesspeigel, 6 July 2011.
‘Germany Still Divided 18 Years after the Fall of the Wall’, Der Spiegel, 11 Sept. 2007.
‘Homesick for a Dictatorship: Majority of Eastern Germans feel life better under Communism’, by Julia Bonstein, Spiegelonline, 7 March 2009.
‘Painful Memories of an East German Gulag: I thought I was in a Nazi Movie’, Mario Roellig’s story as told by David Crossland, Spiegelonline, 5 June 2009.
‘Spiegel Spezial, Vereint aber Fremd’, Der Spiegel, 1 (1991), 32–48.
‘Wenn DDR-Bürger Urlaub machen’ [When GDR Citizens Go on Vacation], by Wille Bremkes, Frankfurter Rundschau, 30 August 1980.
‘Wir, die stumme Generation: Was
haben unsere Eltern in der DDR gemacht? Es wird Zeit, dass wir sie danach fragen’, by Johannes Stämmler, Die Zeit online, 18 August 2011.
Films
Am Ende Kommen Touristen (2007).
Das Leben der Anderen (2006).
Goodbye, Lenin! (2003).
Index
A-Levels (Abitur) 42, 45, 48, 51, 62, 67, 94–5, 100, 139, 143
abortion 34
Alexanderplatz 27
Allied occupation 2–3
atomization 77, 79, 104, 118, 155
Berlin Airlift 2
Berlin Blockade 2
Berlin Wall 1–5, 9–17, 23–5, 27, 29, 32, 37, 39, 41, 51, 71, 73, 76, 83–8, 91, 93, 97, 100–4, 107–10, 112, 119–22, 130–1, 133, 140–1, 147–9, 151–2, 154, 157–9, 161, 164–5, 169–71, 173, 175, 179
Besserwessi 111
Beziehungen (connections) 59
books 31, 46, 48, 77, 102
border, inner-German xii, 3–5, 8–9, 17, 27–8, 32, 39, 41–2, 45, 50, 54, 61–4, 69–71, 77, 82–4, 107–8, 112, 118, 133, 150, 169
Brandt, Willy 6, 169
BStU 73, 85, 120
Bulgaria 50, 57, 103, 116
Capitalism xiii, 1–3, 11, 25, 35, 47, 55, 101, 111, 121, 128, 145–6, 148, 159, 166, 171, 176–7
cars 3–4, 6, 110, 145, 149, 161, 172, 174
censorship 18, 102
children 4, 13, 15–17, 24–5, 30, 61, 63, 94, 96–8, 103, 109, 111, 116, 120–1, 123, 128, 130, 136–7, 141, 152, 154–9
Christian Democratic Union (CDU) 9, 32
Christianity xii, 9, 16, 31–2, 83, 94–8, 100–1, 112, 175–6
Church 8, 48–9, 81, 94–5, 98–101, 111, 114
Church-State agreement (March 1978) 98–9
class 11, 14, 101–2, 176, 178
clothing 46, 61, 72–3, 76, 101–2, 122, 139, 152, 154, 157
Cold War xii, 3, 8–9, 24, 35, 69, 101, 117, 136, 169, 172
collaboration, ‘unofficial’ 24, 86, 95–6, 112–13, 118, 134–5, 199
Communism xiii, 2, 10–11, 14, 28, 30, 32, 35, 38, 42, 71, 90, 92, 98, 101–2, 116, 121, 125–6, 134, 144, 146, 151, 165, 170, 179
complaints 164
Concordat of 1978: 98–9
conscription 98
Consumerism 5, 17, 60, 107, 111, 156, 168–9, 179
corruption 51, 94, 154, 178
crime 24, 71, 92, 101, 112, 121, 123, 150, 173
Czechoslovakia 5, 50, 57, 102–3, 116, 123, 151, 182
dachas 58, 107
demonstrations in 1989: 8, 16, 27–8, 33, 106, 126, 148
dictatorship xiii, 14, 25, 50, 67, 86, 89, 91, 94, 119–20, 164
discrimination, religious, see Christianity
discussion, space for 56, 100, 118, 129, 164
dissent 9–10, 27–8, 32, 49, 104, 122, 139, 165; see also demonstrations in 1989
Dresden 8, 24, 117, 145
East German identity 11, 99, 161, 170
Eastern Europe 5–6, 9, 31, 70–1, 103, 117, 122, 144, 177, 182
economic problems 5, 47, 81, 128, 166, 168, 172
economy 5–7, 32, 47, 62, 81, 128, 166, 168, 172
education 3, 10, 13, 15–17, 24, 47–8, 96, 100, 135, 143, 150, 154, 175
Eingaben (petitions) 164
elections 7–8, 10, 27, 32–3, 35, 51, 93–4, 126, 164
elite lifestyle 178
emancipation of women 30, 33–5, 63, 100, 156
emigration 3, 5, 24, 37, 40, 42, 45, 57, 63, 70, 79, 82, 121, 175
employment of women 30, 100, 166
environmental concerns 8, 12, 23, 48–50, 98–99, 167
family 13, 15, 39, 46–7, 51, 55, 59–60, 62–3, 79, 86, 93, 96–7, 101–3, 107–8, 115–16, 118, 121, 134–6, 148–9, 152, 158, 168, 176
FDJ (Free German Youth) 51, 115–16, 118, 123–4, 135–6, 140, 143
fear 46–7, 54, 63, 72, 75, 79, 81, 83–5, 89–91, 94, 105, 111, 145, 148, 150, 157–8, 163, 173, 176, 179
Felix Dzerzhinsky Guards Regiment 163
flag, GDR 10, 142
food 5, 11, 37, 58–9, 75, 80, 108–10, 149–50, 168, 178
freedom of speech 1, 8, 55, 98, 115–16, 146
Friedrichstrasse Railway Station 29, 42, 69
fruit 5, 47, 59, 108
Gaus, Günter 18, 58
gender 30, 33–5, 63, 100, 156, 166
Genscher, Hans-Dietrich 133, 148
Glasnost 6, 16, 54
Goodbye, Lenin! 2
Gorbachev, Mikhail 6, 8, 16, 30, 33, 54, 123, 142
Hager, Kurt 54
Helsinki Accords 70
higher education, access to 94, 96, 139
Hitler, Adolf 119
Hitler Youth 14, 136
HO (Handelsorganisation) shops 158
Hohenschönhausen 19, 67, 72–3, 77, 80, 85, 87, 89, 93, 104, 119, 177
holidays 50, 54, 68, 79, 88–9, 103, 106, 117, 126, 152, 165
homosexuality 67, 73
Honecker, Erich 14, 54, 92, 98, 141–2, 152
Housing 25, 58, 130, 157, 168
human rights 92, 99, 120, 175
Hungary 5–8, 32, 50, 54, 57, 70–1, 103, 141
Hoyerswerda 167
identity, see East German Identity
ideology 6, 11–12, 15–16, 30, 35, 47–8, 51, 54, 56, 90, 101, 113, 116, 119, 134–6, 143–4, 152, 157, 164, 166, 170
IMs, see collaboration
Independent Women’s Association (Unabhängige Frauenverband) 30, 33–5
industry 49, 167
informers, see collaboration
integration 56, 166, 177–8
interrogation 61, 75, 77–80, 84–5, 87–8, 176–7
Intershops 16, 59, 109, 121
Iron Curtain xii, 8–9, 24, 70–1, 117, 140–1, 169, 172
Jammerossi 111, 165
jeans 17, 41, 60–1, 102, 110
Jugendweihe 16, 95, 125, 135
Kádár, Janos 7
Kohl, Helmut 9, 32, 112, 126, 128, 168
Leipzig 8, 18, 28, 98, 168
leisure 11, 58, 14
LILA 140
literature, see books
Lives of Others 2
living standards 3, 5–7, 47, 81, 128, 168, 172
Luther, Martin 99
luxury goods 108, 178
Marxism-Leninism xiii, 2, 10–11, 14, 28, 30, 32, 35, 38, 42, 71, 90, 92, 98, 101–2, 116, 121, 125–6, 134, 144, 146, 151, 165, 170, 179
Mauerfall (fall of Wall) 1, 12, 17, 19, 23–5, 27, 37, 54, 56, 63–4, 73, 85–6, 91, 103, 107–10, 112, 120, 130–1, 148–9, 151, 154, 157–8, 161, 165
McDonalds 17, 108, 149
memory 20–3, 170–2
Mielke, Erich 91, 142–4
military education 96, 98, 119, 122, 136–7, 139
military service 98, 139
Monday Demonstrations 8
money 25, 38, 55, 58 69, 81, 88, 102, 107–10, 145–6, 150, 152, 154, 156, 158, 168
music 31, 96–7, 99, 122–3
National anthem 10, 76
NATO 10
Nazi past 14, 60, 68, 72, 119, 123, 163
New Forum (Neues Forum) 32–3, 127
new Länder 9
‘niche society’ 18, 58
normality xii, 18, 29, 33, 76, 87, 94, 136
nostalgia 21, 37, 67, 113, 129–30, 171–2, 174
opposition 9–10, 27–8, 32, 49, 104, 122, 139, 165
oral history 20, 22
Ostalgie 21, 37, 67, 113, 129–30, 171–2, 174
Ostpolitik 5
pacifism 8, 28, 32, 98, 123
Party of Democratic Socialism (Partei des Demokratischen Sozialismus or PDS) 10, 35–6
peace movements, see pacifism
Peaceful Revolution (friedliche Revolution) 27, 127
pensioners 46, 137
Perestroika 6, 16, 54, 123
petitions 164
planned economy 62, 65
Poland 5, 8, 32, 50, 54, 57, 103, 116
political prisoners 24, 77, 81–2, 104, 119, 162
political transition, post-socialist xii–xiii, 2, 9, 11–13, 18–9, 22, 24, 56, 110, 112–4, 145, 150, 152, 163, 172, 178–9
pollution 49, 167
Poppe, Ulrike 127
Pozsgay, Imre 7
prices, and subsidies 5–6, 9, 58, 152, 206
prison 19, 24, 42, 60, 67, 71–80
privatisation 166
professions: and flight to the West 3
propaganda 13, 16, 23, 25, 35, 57, 60, 101, 111, 135–7, 150
punks 104, 121–3
radio 9, 29, 63, 77, 107, 121–3, 129, 140
religion xii, 9, 16, 31–2, 83, 94–98, 100–1, 112, 175–6
religious discrimination xii, 9, 16, 31–2, 83, 94–8, 100–1, 112, 115, 175–6
rent 25, 58, 130, 157
repression 21, 42, 119
Republikflucht, see emigration
resistance, political 9–10, 27–8, 32, 49, 104, 122, 139, 165
reunification 2, 9–38, 109–13, 119, 128, 130–1, 140–3, 156, 161–72, 176, 178
revolution 25, 27, 42, 127
Rock music 121–3
Round Table Talks 32
Schabowski, Günter 8, 28, 107
School 15–9, 24, 47, 51, 56, 60, 62, 95–7, 100, 102, 121, 135, 137–41, 143, 154–5
SED 6,8, 10, 13–14, 16, 21, 28, 30, 32–3, 35–6, 50, 54, 58, 60, 62, 81, 84, 92, 94, 98–9, 109, 113, 119, 122–3, 134, 137, 141, 144, 152, 161, 163–5, 172, 177
shopping 16, 36–7, 47, 59, 63, 102, 109–10, 121, 150, 157–8
shortages 51, 58–9, 102
Social Contract 6
Social Democratic Party 9
Socialism xiii, 2, 10–11, 14, 28, 30, 32, 35, 38, 42, 71, 90, 92, 98, 101–2, 116, 121, 125–6, 134, 144, 146, 151, 165, 170, 179
‘Socialism with a human face’ 28
‘socialist personality’ 16, 122, 136
socialization 17, 56, 177
Solidarity 7
Soviet Union 2, 6–8, 15, 30, 137, 142
Staatsbürgerkunde (Citizenship classes) 47, 101, 143
Staatssicherheitsdienst, see Stasi
standard of living, see living standards
Stasi xii, 2, 5, 19, 21, 24, 31–2, 35, 37–8, 47, 63, 67–73, 78, 80–88, 91–6, 102–5, 112–16, 118–23, 130, 135, 137, 139, 142, 145–6, 155, 157, 161–5, 170, 176–8
Born in the GDR Page 22