Chapter 13
1 John Keats, ‘Letter to Benjamin Bailey’, 18 July 1818, in The Complete Works of John Keats, vol. IV, edited by H. Buxton Forman, Glasgow, Gowars & Gray, 1901.
2 John Keats, ‘On First Looking into Chapman’s Homer’ in The Poems of John Keats, Arranged in Chronological Order with a Preface by Sidney Colvin, vol. I, London, Chatto & Windus, 1924.
3 The Iliads of Homer, Prince of Poets, Never Before in any Language Truly Translated, Done According to the Greek by George Chapman, London, George Newnes, 1904.
4 William Blake, ‘On Virgil’ in The Complete Writings of William Blake, edited by Geoffrey Keynes, Oxford, Oxford University Press, 1957.
5 William Blake, ‘Preface’ to Milton: A Poem in 2 Books to Justify the Ways of God to Man, in The Complete Poems, edited by Alicia Ostriker, London and New York, Penguin Books, 1977.
6 William Blake, ‘On Homer’s Poetry’ in The Complete Writings of William Blake, op. cit.
7 William Blake, ‘Letter to the Rvd. Dr. Trusler, 23 August 1799’, The Poetry and Prose of William Blake, edited by David V. Erdman, commentary by Harold Bloom, Garden City, New York, Doubleday & Co., 1965.
8 William Blake, ‘On Boyd’ in The Complete Writings of William Blake, op. cit.
9 William Blake, ‘On Dante’ in The Complete Writings of William Blake, op. cit.
10 The Illuminated Blake, edited by David V. Erdman, Garden City, New York, Doubleday & Co., 1974.
11 Cf. William Blake, ‘The Marriage of Heaven and Hell: The Voice of the Devil’ in William Blake, ‘On Boyd’ in The Complete Writings of William Blake, op. cit.
12 William Blake, ‘Public Address’, pp. 60 and 20, The Poetry and Prose of William Blake, op. cit.
13 Lord Byron, ‘Letter to Octavius Gilchrist, 15 September 1821’ in Byron: A Self-Portrait: Letters and Diaries, 1789–1824, edited by Peter Quennell, 2 vols, New York, Charles Scribner’s Sons, 1950.
14 Lord Byron, ‘Letter to John Murray, 17 September 1817’, Byron: A Self-Portrait, op. cit.
15 John Stuart Mill, ‘Notes on Some of the More Popular Dialogues of Plato’ in The Collected Works of John Stuart Mill, edited by J. M. Robson, vol. XI, Toronto, Toronto University Press, 1978.
16 Percy Bysshe Shelley, ‘A Defence of Poetry’ in Essays and Letters, edited by Ernest Rhys, London, Walter Scott, 1887.
17 Herbert Read, Byron, London, Longmans, Green & Co., 1951.
18 Lord Byron, Don Juan, VII: 633–44 in Byron: The Oxford Authors, edited by Jerome J. McGann, Oxford and New York, Oxford University Press, 1986.
19 Lord Byron, Don Juan, VIII: 621–4 in Byron: The Oxford Authors, op. cit.
20 Lord Byron, Don Juan, VIII: 70–72.
21 Odyssey, IV: 605.
22 Odyssey, II: 1.
23 The Odyssey [1961] and the Iliad [1974] translated by Robert Fitzgerald, New York, Farrar, Straus & Giroux, 2004.
24 Jorge Luis Borges, ‘Las versiones homéricas’, in Discusión, op. cit.
25 Iliad, XVI: 703–7 and 407–13.
26 Iliad, XVI: 415–19.
27 Lord Byron, ‘The Destruction of Sennacherib’ in The Poetical Works, The Only Complete and Copyright Text in I Volume, edited with a Memoir by E. H. Coleridge, London, John Murray, 1905.
28 Enrique Banchs, ‘El tigre’ in La urna [1911], Buenos Aires, Proa, 2000.
29 Ogden Nash, ‘Very Like a Whale’ in Selected Verse, New York, Random House, 1946.
30 Madame de Staël, De la littérature considerée dans ses rapports avec les institutions sociales [1800] edited by P. van Tiegham, 2 vols, Geneva and Paris, Librairie Garnier, 1959.
Chapter 14
1 Donald Phillip Verene, Vico’s Science of Imagination, Ithaca and London, Cornell University Press, 1981.
2 Giambattista Vico, La scienza nuova, §819, Turin, Torinese, 1952.
3 Richard Ellmann, James Joyce, new and revised edition, Oxford and New York, Oxford University Press, 1982.
4 Iliad, II: 573–82.
5 Donald Phillip Verene, Vico’s Science of Imagination, op. cit.
6 Giambattista Vico, La scienza nuova, op. cit., §873.
7 Ulrich Joost, ‘Friedrich August Wolf’ in Walther Killy, Literatur Lexicon, Band XII, Munich, Bertelsmann, 1992.
8 Johann Joachim Winckelmann, Gedanken über die Nachahmung der griechischen Werke in der Malerei und Bildhauerkunst [1755], Stuttgart, Philipp Reclam, 1995.
9 Denis Diderot, ‘Salon de 1767’ in Oeuvres complètes, annotées par J. Assézat et M. Tourneux, Paris, Garnier frères, 1875–9.
10 Cf. ‘Grecs (philosophie des)’ in L‘Encyclopédie de Diderot et d’Alembert, edition facsimile, Milan, Franco Maria Ricci, 1977–8.
11 Cicéron, L’Orateur: Du meilleur genre d’orateurs, II: 62.
12 Johann Peter Eckermann, Gesprüche mit Goethe in den letzten Jahren seines Lebens [1837–48] Herausgegeben von Fritz Bergemann, 2 Bände, Frankfurt-am-Main, Suhrkamp Verlag, 1981.
13 J. W. von Goethe, ‘Brief an Schiller’, 17 Mai 1795, in Werke, Band 2, textkritisch durchgesehen von Erich Trunz, Munich, C. H. Beck, 1981.
14 J. W. von Goethe, ‘Brief an Schiller’, 27 December 1797, in Werke, Band 2, op. cit.
15 J. W. von Goethe, ‘Brief an Humboldt’, 26 Mai 1799, in Werke, Band 2, op. cit.
16 Among many others: Herder’s Auch eine Philosophie der Geschichte zur Bildung der Menschheit (1774), Alteste Urkunde des Menschengeschlechts (1774), Ideen zur Philosophie der Geschichte der Menschheit (1784–91) etc., Wieland’s Geschichte des Agaton (1766–7), Die Abderiten (1774), Neue Götter-Gespräche (1791) etc., Heinse’s Ardinghello (1789), Schlegel’s Über die Diotima (1795), Uber das Studium der griechischen Poesie (1797), Die Griechen und Römer (1798) etc., Karl Philipp Moritz’s, Die Götterlehre (1791), Hölderlin’s Hyperion (1797–9), Empedocles (1797–1800) etc.
17 Cf. E. R. Curtius, Europäische Literatur und Lateinisches Mittelalter, XVIII, Bern, A. Francke AG, 1948.
18 J. W. von Goethe, ‘Der ewige Jude’ in Goethes Poetische Werke, Band 2, Stuttgart, J. G. Cotta’sche Buchhandlung Nachfolger, 1950–54.
19 E. R. Curtius, Europäische Literatur und Lateinisches Mittelalter, I, op. cit.
Chapter 15
1 Nicholas Boyle, Goethe, the Poet and the Age, vol. I, ‘The Poetry of Desire’, Oxford and New York, Oxford University Press, 1992.
2 J. W. von Goethe, Die Leiden des Jungen Werther, I, in Werke, Band 6, textkritisch durchgesehen von Erich Trunz und kommentiert von Benno von Wiese, Munich, C. H. Beck, 1981.
3 Friedrich Schiller, ‘Über naïve und sentimentalische Dichtung’ in Schillers Werke, herausgegeben von Ludwig Bellermann, Achter Band, Leipzig and Vienna, Bibliographisches Institut, 1905.
4 Carl Gustav Jung, ‘Schiller’s Ideas on the Type Problem’ in Psychological Types, a Revision by R. F. C. Hull of the Translation by H. G. Baynes, vol. 6 of the Collected Works, Princeton, NJ, Princeton University Press, 1971.
5 Friedrich Schiller, ‘Über naïve und sentimentalische Dichtung’ in Schillers Werke, op. cit.
6 Quoted in David Luke’s Introduction to J. W. von Goethe, Faust, Part II, translated by David Luke, Oxford and New York, Oxford University Press, 1994.
7 Ibid.
8 Iliad, II: 189–90.
9 Iliad, III: 219.
10 Iliad, III: 187–90.
11 Iliad, VI: 424–6.
12 Christopher Marlowe, Doctor Faustus (1588?, first published 1604), lines 62–3, in The Plays of Christopher Marlowe, Oxford and London, Oxford University Press, 1939.
13 Christopher Marlowe, Doctor Faustus, lines 1354–6.
14 Iliad, III: 191.
15 Edgar Allan Poe, ‘To Helen’ (1848) in Poems, vol. X of The Complete Works of Edgar Allan Poe, collected and edited by Edmund Clarence Stedman and George Edward Woodberry, New York, Charles Scribner’s Sons, 1914.
16 Iliad, III: 200.
17 Goethe, Faust, Part II, translated by David Luke, op. cit., lines 8838–40.
/> 18 Ibid., line 6197.
19 Goethe, Die Leiden des Jungen Werther, I, in Werke, Band 6, op. cit.
20 J. W. von Goethe, Dichtung und Wahrheit in Werke, Band 9, textkritisch durchgesehen von Liselotte Blumenthal und kommentiert von Erich Trunz, Munich, C. H. Beck, 1981.
Chapter 16
1 Friedrich Nietzsche, ‘What I Owe to the Ancients’, Part 2, in Twilight of the Gods, in The Portable Nietzsche, edited and translated by Walter Kaufmann, London, Penguin Books, 1954.
2 Friedrich Nietzsche, ‘Homer und die klassische Philologie’ in Werke in drei Bänden, herausgegeben von Karl Schlechta, Munich, Carl Hanser Verlag, 1973.
3 Friedrich Nietzsche, ‘Homer Contest’ in The Portable Nietzsche, op. cit.
4 Friedrich Nietzsche, The Birth of Tragedy Out of the Spirit of Music, translated by Shaun Whiteside, edited by Michael Tanner, new revised edition, London and New York, Penguin Books, 2003.
5 Ibid.
6 Lesley Chamberlain, Nietzsche in Turin, London, Quartet Books, 1996.
7 Sigmund Freud, ‘Our Attitude Towards War’ in Civilization, Society and Religion: Group Psychology, Civilization and Its Discontents and Other Works, translated from the German under the general editorship of James Strachey, London, Penguin Books, 1985.
8 Peter Gay, Freud: A Life for Our Time, New York and London, W. W. Norton & Co., 1988.
9 Odyssey, XI: 550–52.
10 Iliad, XXI: 123–6.
11 Freud, ‘Our Attitude Towards War’, op. cit.
12 Gay, Freud: A Life for Our Time, op. cit.
13 Quoted in Gay, Freud: A Life for Our Time, op. cit.
14 Ibid.
15 Freud, ‘Our Attitude Towards War’, op. cit.
16 Sigmund Freud, ‘Moses and Monotheism’ [1939] in The Origins of Religion, translated from the German under the general editorship of James Strachey, London, Penguin Books, 1985.
17 Bruno Bettelheim, Freud and Man’s Soul, New York, Alfred A. Knopf, 1983.
18 Carl Gustav Jung, ‘On the Relation of Analytical Psychology to Poetry’ in The Spirit in Man, Art and Literature, translated by H. G. Baynes, Princeton, Princeton University Press, 1966.
19 Iliad, XXIV: 695–9.
20 Rupert Brooke, The Collected Poems, with an introduction by George Edward Woodberry, New York, Dodd, Mead & Co., 1923.
Chapter 17
1 Heinrich Schliemann, Troy and Its Remains: A Narrative of Researches and Discoveries Made on the Site of Ilium and in the Trojan Plain, edited by Philip Smith [translated by L. Dora Schmitz, 1875], New York, Arno Press, 1976.
2 Ibid.
3 Michael Wood, In Search of the Trojan War, London, BBC Books, 1985.
4 Ibid.
5 Ibid.
6 Quoted in Philip Smith’s Introduction to Schliemann, Troy and Its Remains.
Chapter 18
1 Samuel Butler, The Authoress of the Odyssey: Who and What She Was, When and Where She Wrote [1897], Second Edition With a New Preface by Henry Festing Jones, London, Jonathan Cape, 1922.
2 Ibid.
3 Ibid.
4 Ibid.
5 Odyssey, IX: 23–9.
6 Robert Bittlestone, Odysseus Unbound: The Search for Homer’s Ithaca, Cambridge, Mass., and London, Cambridge University Press, 2006.
7 Butler, The Authoress of the Odyssey, op. cit.
8 Moses Finley, The World of Odysseus [1956], London and New York, Pelican Books, 1962.
9 J. W. von Goethe, Dichtung und Wahrheit, op. cit.
10 Samuel Butler, The Notebooks, Selections arranged and edited by Henry Festing Jones, London, Jonathan Cape, 1912.
11 T. E. Lawrence, ‘Translator’s Note’ in The Odyssey of Homer, op. cit.
12 Margaret Atwood, The Penelopiad: The Myth of Penelope and Odysseus, Edinburgh and New York, Canongate, 2005.
13 Ibid.
14 Butler, The Authoress of the Odyssey, op. cit.
15 Atwood, The Penelopiad, op. cit.
16 Odyssey, XXII: 494–5.
17 Mary Josefa MacCarthy, A Nineteenth-Century Childhood, London, William Heinemann, 1924.
18 Rudyard Kipling, ‘When ’Omer Smote ’Is Bloomin’ Lyre’ in The Seven Seas, London, Methuen & Co., 1896.
Chapter 19
1 Durs Grünbein, Galilei vermißt Dantes Hölle und bleibt an den Maßen hängen, Frankfurt-am-Main, Suhrkamp Verlag, 1996.
2 Quoted in Richard Ellmann, James Joyce, new and revised edition, Oxford and New York, Oxford University Press, 1982.
3 Quoted in ibid.
4 Quoted in ibid.
5 W. B. Yeats, ‘The Autumn of the Body’ in Ideas of Good and Evil, quoted by Richard Ellmann, The Consciousness of Joyce, Toronto and New York, Oxford University Press, 1977.
6 Cf. Ellmann, The Consciousness of Joyce.
7 Ibid.
8 Vladimir Nabokov, ‘Ulysses’ in Lectures on Literature, edited by Fredson Bowers, Introduction by John Updike, New York and London, Harcourt Brace Jovanovich, 1980.
9 James Joyce, Ulysses, London, Sydney, Toronto, The Bodley Head, 1960, p. 382.
10 A. E. Housman, ‘Fragment of a Greek Tragedy’ [1883] in Trinity Magazine, Oxford, February 1921.
11 Quoted in Ellmann, James Joyce, op. cit.
12 Quoted in ibid.
13 Neither story is in Homer: Ulysses’ is told by Hyginus, Fabulae 95, Achilles’ in Apollodorus (attr.) The Library. Cf. Robert Graves, The Greek Myths, revised edition, London and New York, Penguin Books, 1960.
14 Iliad III: 265–8.
15 Alfonso Reyes, ‘Odiseo’ en Algunos ensayos, prólogo y selección Emmanuel Carballo, México, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, 2002.
16 Michael Grant, History of Rome, London, Weidenfeld Nicolson, 1978.
17 Virgil, Aeneid, II: 164.
18 Odyssey, XI: 138.
19 Dante Alighieri, Commedia, Inferno, XXVI: 90–142.
20 Alfred, Lord Tennyson, ‘Ulysses’ in Selected Poems, chosen and edited by Michael Millgate, Oxford and New York, Oxford University Press, 1963.
21 Mario Vargas Llosa, ‘Odiseo en Mérida’, El País: Madrid, 30 July 2006.
22 Nikos Kazantzakis, The Odyssey: A Modern Sequel, translated by Kimon Friar, New York, Simon & Schuster, 1985.
23 Iliad, VI: 277.
24 José Hernández, Martín Fierro, ‘La vuelta de Martín Fierro’, Prólogo por las profesoras María Teresa Gramuglio y Beatriz Sarlo; notas por el profesor Andrés Avellaneda, Buenos Aires, Centro Editor de América Latina, 1979, 15: 2319–24.
25 Victor Bérard, Les Phéniciens et l’Odysée, 2 vols, Paris, Armand Colin, 1902–3.
26 Richard Ellmann, The Consciousness of Joyce, op. cit.
27 James Joyce, Ulysses, op. cit., p. 279.
28 George K. Anderson, The Legend of the Wandering Jew, third printing, Hanover and London, Brown University Press, 1991. Anderson argues that to associate Bloom with the Wandering Jew is an oversimplification.
29 Odyssey, 1: 2.
30 Samuel Johnson, A Preface to Shakespeare [1765] in The Major Works, edited by Donald Greene, Oxford and New York, Oxford University Press, 2000.
Chapter 20
1 Jean Paulhan and Dominique Aury (eds), La patrie se fait tous les jours, Paris, Editions de Minuit, 1947.
2 Jean Giraudoux, ‘Note sur le texte’ in Théâtre complet, edited by Jacques Body, Paris, Gallimard, 1982.
3 Jean Giraudoux, La guerre de Troie n’aura pas lieu in Théâtre complet, op. cit.
4 Quoted by Colette Weil, ‘Préface’ in Jean Giraudoux, La guerre de Troie n’aura pas lieu, Paris, Grasset, 1991.
5 Cf. Marie-Jeanne Durry, L’Unìvers de Gìraudoux, Paris, Mercure de France, 1961.
6 Jean Giraudoux, ‘Bellac et la tragédie’, quoted by Colette Weil, ‘Préface’ in Jean Giraudoux, La guerre de Troie n’aura pas lieu, op. cit.
7 Marguerite Yourcenar, Les yeux ouverts: entretiens avec Mathieu Galey, Paris, Editions du Centurion, 1980.
8 Doris Lessing, African Laught
er: Four Visits to Zimbabwe, London, HarperCollins, 1992.
9 Derek Walcott, The Antilles: Fragments of Epic Memory: The Nobel Lecture, New York, Farrar, Straus & Giroux, 1993.
10 Odyssey, XI: 1.
11 Derek Walcott, Omeros, London, Faber and Faber, 1990, I: 1:1.
12 Ezra Pound, The Cantos, revised edition, London, Faber and Faber, 1975, I: 1.
13 Walcott, Omeros, op. cit., III: 27: 3.
14 Ibid., III: 27: 3.
15 Ibid., I: 3: 2.
16 Italo Calvino, Perché leggere i classici, Milan, Arnoldo Mondadori, 1991.
17 C. P. Cavafy, ‘Trojans’ in Collected Poems, bilingual edition, translated by Edmund Keeley and Philip Sherrard, edited by George Savidis, London, The Hogarth Press, 1975.
18 Cavafy, ‘Ithaka’ in ibid.
19 Cavafy, ‘The City’ in ibid.
20 Timothy Findley, Famous Last Words, Toronto and Vancouver, Clarke, Irwin & Co.,1981.
21 Ezra Pound, Hugh Selwyn Mauberley, London, Faber and Faber, 1920.
22 Timothy Findley, ‘Famous Last Words’ in Inside Memory: Pages From a Writer’s Workbook, Toronto, HarperCollins, 1990.
23 David Ingham, ‘Bashing the Fascists: The Moral Dimensions of Findley’s Fiction’ in Studies in Canadian Fiction, 15, 2 (1990).
24 Grand Hotel, directed by Edmund Goulding, MGM, 1932.
25 T. S. Eliot, ‘The Hollow Men’ in Collected Poems 1909–1962, London, Faber and Faber, 1962.
26 Pound, The Cantos, op. cit., LXXIV.
27 Findley, Famous Last Words, op. cit.
Chapter 21
1 Alessandro Baricco, Omero, Iliade, Milan, Feltrinelli, 2004.
2 Quoted by Diogenes Laertius, Vies et doctrines des philosophes illustres, traductions sous la direction de M.-O. Goulet-Cazé, Paris, Livre de Poche, 1999, IX: 1–6.
3 Celso, El Discurso verdadero contra los cristianos, introducción y notas de Serafin Bodelón, Madrid, Alianza, 1988.
4 Dante Alighieri, De monarchia in Le Opere di Dante. Testo critico della Società Dantesca Italiana, edited by M. Barbi et al., Milan, Società Dantesca Italiana, 1921/22, II: 5: 22.
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