The Book of Love- The Story of the Kamasutra

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The Book of Love- The Story of the Kamasutra Page 25

by James McConnachie


  family version of Arabian Nights 142

  Life of Burton 174

  and Roman Catholicism 79, 95, 107, 120, 142

  and travel to India 120–3

  Burton, Richard Francis xiii, xiv, xvii, 65–102, 202

  and Anthropological Society of London 80–3, 90

  appearance 77, 107–9

  biographies xv, 246–7

  career

  British Consul in Damascus 76–7, 105–6

  British Consul in Santos (Brazil) 90–2, 105

  British Consul in Trieste 105–7, 109–10, 118, 120, 123, 128–9, 142, 172–3

  in Indian Army 65–75, 89

  and intelligence work 66–7

  friendships

  and Arbuthnot 92–6, 110, 118–22, 145–6, 172–3

  and Milnes 80, 85, 90, 92, 109, 118–19, 122, 143, 156

  and Swinburne 68, 79, 89, 110, 184

  health and illness 109–10, 121, 173

  and Indian erotic tradition 71–5, 92–7, 120, 122

  as linguist 65, 66–7, 72, 75, 77, 92, 109, 128

  and Mrs Grundyism 140–1

  private life

  affairs with women 67, 69–71

  and book collecting 72–3

  and Cannibal Club 83, 88, 90, 122

  clandestine marriage 79, 107

  and homosexuality 67–9, 97, 184

  impotence 121, 142

  and sadism 86–7, 89–90, 108–9, 157

  and recovery of Kamasutra 66, 75, 76–7, 100–1, 118–20

  and sexual education 168–9

  and sexual ignorance in marriage 160–1

  translations

  Ananga Ranga 95–100, 105, 130–2, 144, 169–70, 222

  Arabian Nights xiv, 81, 89, 91, 128–30, 141–2, 144, 170–1, 184

  Kamasutra 106–7, 123–4, 128–9, 132–3, 140, 142–4, 147–50, 155, 162–3, 174, 179–82, 193, 232–3

  The Perfumed Garden of the Sheik

  Nefzaoui 172–4, 186, 193, 220

  travels

  in India 71–2, 76

  to Mecca 76–8, 120

  Nile expedition 76, 78–80

  return to India 120–3

  writings

  Goa and the Blue Mountains 71, 72

  The Kasîdah of Hâjî Abdû El-Yezdi 137–8

  A Mission to Gelele, King of Dahome 86

  ‘Past Loves’ 70

  Personal Narrative of a Pilgrimage to Al-Madinah and Mecca 76

  Stone Talk 83

  ‘Terminal Essay’ 81, 92

  Vikram and the Vampire 91, 130, 149

  Cameron, Charles Duncan 90

  Campbell, J. MacNabb 126

  Cannibal Club

  and Bradlaugh 146

  and Burton 83, 88, 90

  and Milnes 84, 88–90, 122

  Carlile, Richard 163–4

  Carpenter, Edward 184

  Carracci, Agostino 220

  Casada, James 68–9

  Castleman, Michael 233

  censorship 186–7

  and Burton 81, 122, 141–2, 158, 169

  Chakladar, Haran Chandra 7, 200–1

  Chandra, Moti 201

  Chandragupta II ‘Vikramaditya’ 8

  Chesser, Eustace 221

  Chopra, Deepak 214–15

  Christianity, and Hinduism 82–3

  cities, of 3rd-century India 9–11

  civilization, and sex xviii, 193, 197, 235

  Clements, Robert J. 194

  clitoris, awareness of xvii, 52, 162, 215

  Codrington, Oliver 126

  Colebrooke, H.T. 73–4, 111, 113, 115

  Comfort, Alex xiv, 170, 195

  and The Joy of Sex 196–7, 250–1

  Comstock Act 186

  conception, and orgasm 160, 167

  conduct books xi, xiii, 27

  Corsellis, Col. 67–8

  courtesans (ganikas) 10, 13, 15–17, 19, 61, 217

  theatrical role 39

  Crasta, Richard 226–7

  creativity, and kama 3–4

  cunnilingus 216

  Cunningham, Alexander 96

  Customs Consolidation Act 1876 146

  Daji, Bhau 112, 116–17

  dance, and sex 39–40, 48–9, 61, 71

  Dane, Lance 224

  Daniélou, Alain xviii, 203–10, 244, 250

  Dattaka 19, 20–1, 24

  Dennett, Mary Ware 187–8

  devadasis (temple-dancer prostitutes) 61, 71, 80

  dharma

  definition 23–4

  and kama 26, 29, 199

  Doniger, Wendy xv, 22, 232–4, 239, 240, 241, 245–6

  Drujon, Fernand 151

  Drysdale, George 164–5

  Dubois, Jean-Antoine 114

  Duncan, J. Matthews 160–1

  Durgaprasad, Pandit 181–2, 199

  Dutton, E.P. 191

  East India Company 73, 120–1

  Eden, George 61

  editions of the Kamasutra

  1883 Kama Sutra xv, 106, 123, 132, 184, 187, 202–3, 209, 215, 225, 232–3, 239

  Burton’s footnotes 19, 129, 132, 149

  publication/first printing xv–xvi, 137, 140, 143–4, 147–58, 179

  second printing 154–6, 180

  of Archer 192–5

  Bengali 199

  of Daniélou 203–10, 250

  of Doniger and Kakar xv, 22, 232–4, 239

  Hindi–Sanskrit 199–200

  illustrated xi, 20, 58–60, 189, 214, 223–5

  metrical version 57

  popular xi–xii, 213–4, 250–1

  pirated xiv, 133, 180–1, 186, 204

  Sanskrit 181–3, 199

  of Schmidt 183–4, 189, 199

  of Upadhyaya 201–2, 223–4

  education, sexual 14, 158–9, 161–2, 164, 167–9, 187, 204–5

  The Elements of Social Science 164–5, 167

  Elliott, Henry 77

  Ellis, Havelock 149, 184–5, 186, 201, 224

  Every Woman’s Book 163, 167

  fellatio 209, 216

  Fellowship of the New Life 184, 185

  Fitzgerald, Edward, The Rubaiyat of Omar Khayyam 137, 170–1, 232–3

  flagellation 87, 88–90, 94, 99, 151

  flirtations 28

  Forberg, Friedrich-Karl 219

  Foucault, Michel 250

  Freely, Maureen 233

  Gaball, James Henry 99, 148–9

  Gambers, H. S. 201

  Gandhi, Mohandas K. 199, 201

  ganikas (courtesans) 10, 13, 15–16, 19, 61

  Gentry, Curt 193

  Ghotakamukha 19, 63

  Gitagovinda 48–9, 62, 198, 244

  Golden Book of Love 220

  Golden Fountain Press 189–90

  Gonardiya 103

  Goncourt, Edmond and Jules de 85–87

  Gonikaputra 19

  Gulistan 144

  Gupta dynasty 7, 8, 35, 58

  Haldeman-Julius, Emanuel 187

  Hamilton 222

  Hand, Augustus 186–7

  Hankey, Frederick 85–7, 89–90, 94, 128, 180, 220

  Instruction Libertine 99, 156

  Harappa, discovery 96–7

  Harris, Frank 108

  A Hindu Book of Love 187

  Hinduism

  and asceticism and sensuality 4–6, 44–9, 166, 194, 197–9, 231

  and Christianity 82–3

  creation myth 3–4

  and homosexuality 207–8

  and Islam 55

  and religious significance of lingam 45, 72, 130

  see also trivarga

  Hirsch, Charles 148

  Hodgson, Studholme 89–90, 94

  homosexuality

  and Burton 67–9, 97, 184

  and Daniélou 206–10

  and Kamasutra 15, 200, 207–10, 213, 251

  Hooper, Anne 214

  The Horn Book: A Girl’s Guide to Good and Evil 220

  Houghton, Lord see Milnes, Richard Monckton

  Hunt, Jam
es 80

  Index Librorum Prohibitorum xvi, 99–100, 148, 152–3

  India

  3rd-century 8–11, 35–6

  and British Raj 69, 110–13, 121, 192, 198

  conflicting modern attitudes to sex xii, 44, 226–31, 251–2

  erotic tradition xiii, 17–19, 35–62, 71–2, 115, 181–5, 189, 195, 197–200, 221, 224–5, 230, 241, 243

  and homosexuality 207–10, 251

  and Islam 55, 92, 198, 209–10

  pre-Classical 96–7

  traditional scholarship 110, 112, 126, 199

  Indian Penal Code 198, 229

  Indraji, Bhagvanlal xvi, 149, 193, 224, 232–3, 247

  and Arbuthnot 117–18, 122, 127

  and Bühler 115–17, 124–6, 181

  and Indian palaeography 126–7

  and translation of Kamasutra 123–5, 127, 128, 133, 181–3

  intercourse, in painting 60

  Irwin, Robert 129

  Islam

  and Burton 76–78, 145

  and India 55, 57–9, 92, 144, 230

  and sex 198, 209–10

  Iyengar, K. Rangaswami 199, 200

  Jacobi, Hermann 114–15

  Jayadeva, Gitagovinda 48–9, 62, 198, 244

  Jayamangala 7–8, 53–5, 118, 122–3, 181, 205

  Jones, Sir William 61–2, 73, 110

  The Joy of Sex (manual) 196–7, 250–1

  Kakar, Sudhir xv, 22, 231–2, 241, 251, 252

  Kalidasa 198

  Raghuvamsa 41

  The Recognition of Shakuntala 11, 42–3, 73, 242

  Kalyanamalla, Ananga Ranga 55–7, 92, 94–101, 105, 114, 131–2, 139, 169–70

  kama

  and Buddhism 5

  as life-goal 23–4, 28–9, 44–5

  medieval manuals xvii, 49–57

  as pleasure 22, 54

  preservation of teaching 19–22

  as primal desire 3–4

  in Sanskrit drama 36

  as sex 22–4, 54

  Kama, son of Brahma 4–5, 51, 55

  Kama Shastra (1873 printing) see Ananga Ranga

  Kama Shastra Society 122–3, 143–9, 155, 169–70, 172–4, 179, 193

  kama shastra 52–7, 60–1, 72, 92, 100, 114, 118–20, 167, 198, 243

  kama-kalas (ways to make love) 14

  Kamasutra

  author see Vatsyayana

  books

  Aphrodisiacs 19, 21, 211

  Courtesans 15, 20, 177, 216–17

  General Observations 11–14

  Other Men’s Wives 15, 25–6, 135, 198

  Sex 14, 20, 30, 33

  Virgins 15

  Wives 15, 20, 63–4, 103, 216–17

  commentaries on 7–8, 53–4, 57, 118, 122–3, 205, 228

  commodification 174–5, 213–35

  date 5, 7–8, 38

  English translations xv, xvii, 100, 106–7, 123–30, 132–3, 137, 174, 179–80, 181, 199, 239

  as exotic sexual compendium xiv, 153, 194

  genealogy 17–19, 24, 37–8

  and homosexuality 15, 200, 207–10, 213, 251

  and illustration xi, 20, 58–60, 189, 214, 223–5

  influence on Sanskrit literature 38–44, 55–8

  and medieval literature xvii, 49–56, 223

  in modern India 227–31

  and nagarakas 11–14, 24, 28, 39, 202

  neglect 57–8, 61

  pronunciation of word 237

  rediscovery xiii, 66, 73–7, 100–2, 114–15, 118–20, 122, 181

  as religious tract 204–6

  as repository of erotic wisdom xiv, 153, 194

  reviews and reactions 151–5, 194

  structure 22, 27

  style 20–1, 28, 53–4, 129, 154

  success 35

  and trivarga 23–4

  in the West xiii–xiv, xvi–xviii, 73–5, 100–2, 106–7, 174–5, 181–95, 202–3, 210, 213–27

  and women xiii, 15, 26, 51, 169, 185, 215–18, 226, 233

  see also editions

  KamaSutra condom 229–230

  Kapoor, Indira 228

  Kautilya, Arthashastra 26–8

  Kennedy, Dane xv, 246

  Khajuraho, temple complex 46–7

  Khanna, Girija 231

  Kimber, William 191–2

  Knight, Joseph 152

  Knowlton, Charles 146, 163

  Kokkoka, Ratirahasya 51–3, 114, 195–6

  Krishna, love-dance see rasa-lila

  Kucumara 19

  kula prakriya rite 45

  Kumbha, King 48

  Kundalini serpent 44, 47

  lady-boys 15

  Lalitavistara 12–13

  Lamairesse, Pierre Eugène 204

  Lawrence, D. H., Lady Chatterley’s Lover xvii, 188, 190

  Laws of Manu 24–5, 28, 72, 115, 198, 207, 240

  libertarianism, sexual xviii, 147, 155, 164

  libertines (type of man) 10, 13

  lingams 45, 72, 129–30, 204

  Liseux, Isidore 172, 180–1

  Little Blue Book series 187

  The Little Clay Cart (Sanskrit play) 10, 41

  Lodi dynasty 55

  love bites 39, 41, 52, 191, 217, 296

  Love in a Dead Language (novel) 127, 227, 252

  love marks 39, 41, 43, 52, 156–7, 217–18

  Lovell, Mary S. xv, 246

  Macaulay, Thomas Babington 111

  McLynn, Frank 142

  McQueen, Norman 193

  Madhavacharya, Pandit 199–200, 208

  Magha, Sisupalavadha 43

  magic, and Tantrism 50–1

  Mahabharata 4, 17, 114, 239–40, 241

  Malayavati, Queen 7

  Mallanaga see Vatsyayana (Mallanaga)

  Manavadharmashastra see Laws of Manu mantras 44

  Manu see Laws of Manu

  manuals, sex xi, 49–57, 162, 185, 188, 194–197, 210, 214–15, 221, 226

  manuscripts

  illuminated 57, 58–9

  palm-leaf 20, 59

  Markun, Leo 187

  marriage, and sexual ignorance 158–62, 228

  marriage manuals 162, 194, 195

  see also manuals, sex

  Martial (Marcus Valerius Martialis) 218

  Martin, H. Newell 161

  massage 15, 16, 207, 214

  masseurs 15, 207

  meditation, and distraction of kama 4–5, 6

  Milnes, Richard Monckton and Arbuthnot 94

  and Burton 80, 85, 90, 92, 109, 118–19, 122, 143, 156

  and Cannibal Club 84, 88–90, 122

  biography 249

  collection of erotica 84–5, 118–19, 153, 180, 220

  and Kamasutra 118, 155–6

  Palm Leaves 84–5

  The Rodiad 87

  and sadism 86–7, 88–9

  and Swinburne 85, 87–9

  miniature paintings, erotic xi, 57, 59, 202, 224

  moaning 30

  monogamy 25

  Moraes, Dom 222

  Morley, John 87

  Mrs Grundyism 140–1, 164, 171

  Mughal dynasty 55, 59, 197–8

  Müller, F. Max 144–5, 182–3

  My Secret Life 99, 156, 162

  Mylius, Klaus 202–3

  nagarakas (citizens) 10–11, 25

  and art 58

  and erotic techniques 14, 169

  and homosexuality 207–9

  and Kamasutra 11–17, 24, 28, 39, 202

  and sex for sex’s sake 26

  and theatre 38, 41

  and women 15–16

  Nair, Mira xii, 230–1

  Nandi, and original Kamasutra 17

  Napier, Sir Charles 67

  National Secular Society 83, 146

  Natyashastra 21, 36–41, 48–9, 57, 58, 242

  nautch girls 61, 71, 80

  nayaka/nayika (male/female protagonists)

  in Ananga Ranga 57

  in Natyashastra 38, 41, 57

  and Rajput art 59–60

  Nehru, Jawaha
rlal 199, 209

  Nicholson, E.W.B. 182

  Nietzsche, Friedrich 24–5

  Obscene Publications Act 1857 146–7, 152, 190

  Oldenberg, Hermann 124–5

  Olympia Press 190

  orgasm 43, 96, 166–7

  and conception 160, 167

  kama as 23

  in Kamasutra 43, 54, 215, 217–18, 234

  in Tantrism 44

  Oriental Translation Fund 183

  Orientalism 111, 128, 141, 144–5, 177, 205

  Ovid (Publius Ovidius Naso), Ars

  Amatoria 97, 106, 179, 218–19

  Owen, Robert Dale 163

  Padamsee, Alyque 229–30

  Padmasri, Nagarasarvasva 49–50, 53

  painting, Persian 58–9

  see also miniature paintings, erotic

  Pataliputra (Patna), and origins of

  Kamasutra 7–8, 19

  Patanjali

  Mahabhasya 21

  Yoga-sutras 44

  Paterson, James 193

  patriarchy, Western xiv, 111, 197, 204

  Payne, John 132, 143

  translation of Arabian Nights 128, 141, 147–8

  The Pearl (pornographic magazine) 87

  perfume, importance 12–13, 36

  permissiveness 29–30, 157–8, 227, 231

  Peterson, Peter 113, 181–2

  Pieruccini, Cinzia 203

  Pilpay, folk fables 72

  pleasure

  and adultery 26

  defence of 6, 28–9, 234

  importance 1, 37

  and sensuality 22, 44, 54, 158, 160–3, 165–7, 186

  for women xiii, 26, 160–2, 167–9, 185, 215–18, 226

  poetry, Sanskrit 41–4, 46, 48–9, 243

  politics, and sex 88, 186, 226

  pornography

  and Ashbee 99, 154

  attacks on 146

  and Kamasutra xvi, 150–1, 154–6, 174–5, 180–1, 186, 189–90, 234

  and Milnes 85–7

  and private printing 87, 99, 148–9

  and ragamalas 59–60

  and sexual positions 220

  in USA 188

  portraiture, erotic 61

  positions, sexual 92, 196–7, 206

  in Ananga Ranga 131–2

  in Kamasutra xiv, 14, 39–40, 147, 218, 221–3, 225–6

  in Natyashastra 38

  in Western traditions 196–7, 218–23, 225

  postures see positions, sexual

  posture books 61

  Potter, Sarah 89–90, 94

  Praudhapriya 57

  Price, James Russell 161

  printing, private 87, 99, 148–9, 179

  procreation, and sex 22–3, 25, 147, 198, 200

  prostitutes 15–16, 217

  dancers (devadasis) 39, 61, 71, 80

  in theatre 37, 39

  punarbhu (widow) 15

  Quaritch, Bernard 150, 152, 170

  quarrelling 40–1, 217–18

  ragamalas (garlands of ragas) 59–60

  Rajputs, and erotic art 59–60

 

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