—— The Twentieth Century Test 1884–1912, Macmillan, New York, 1947
—— The 150th Anniversary and Beyond 1912–1948, The Office of The Times, Printing House Square, 1952
—— Struggles in War and Peace 1939–1966, Times Books, London, 1984
Hotz, Robert (editor), Way of a Fighter: The Memoirs of Claire Lee Chennault, G. P. Putnam, New York, 1949
Hughes, Richard, Foreign Devil: Thirty years of reporting from the Far East, Century, London, 1972
Isaacs, Harold R., The Tragedy of the Chinese Revolution, Stanford University Press, Stanford, 1951
Jordan, Donald A., China’s Trial by Fire: The Shanghai War of 1932, University of Michigan Press, Ann Arbor, 2001
Jukes, Geoffrey, The Russo-Japanese War 1904–1905, Osprey, London, 2002
Maggie Keswick (editor), The Thistle and the Jade: 175 years of Jardine Matheson, Francis Lincoln, Hong Kong, 1982
Knightley, Phillip, Australia: A Biography of a Nation, Vintage, London, 2001
Kuhn, Irene, Assigned to Adventure, Harrap, London, 1938
Lamont-Brown, Raymond, Kempeitai: Japanese Dreaded Military Police, Sutton, England, 1998
Lary, Diana, The Chinese People at War: Human Suffering and Social Transformation, 1937–1945, Cambridge University Press, New York, 2010
Lattimore, Owen, China Memoirs: Chiang Kai-shek and the war against Japan, University of Tokyo Press, 1990
Leck, Greg, Captives of Empire: The Japanese Internment of Allied Civilians in China 1941–1945, Shandy Press, 2006
Lethbridge, H. J., All About Shanghai: A standard guidebook, Oxford University Press, Oxford, 1983
Leo Ou-fan Yeh, Shanghai Modern: The flowering of a new urban culture in China 1930–1945, Harvard University Press, Cambridge, Massachusetts, 1999
Lo Hui-Min (editor), The Correspondence of G. E. Morrison, 1895–1912, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, Massachusetts, 1976
Long, Gavin, The Six Years War, Australian War Memorial, Canberra, 1973
Lynch, Michael, The Chinese Civil War 1945–49, Osprey, London, 2008
Li, Laura Tyson, Madame Chiang Kai-shek: China’s eternal First Lady, Atlantic Monthly Press, New York, 2006
McDonald, Lachie, Bylines: Memoirs of a war correspondent, Kangaroo Press, 1998
Macmanus, James, Ocean Devil: The Life and Legend of George Hogg, Harper Perennial, London, 2008
Marder, Arthur L., Old Friends, New Enemies: The Royal Navy and the Imperial Japanese Navy – Strategic illusions 1936–1941, Clarendon Press, Oxford, 1981
Meo, L. D., Japan’s Radio War on Australia 1941–1945, Melbourne University Press, Melbourne, 1968.
Morrison, Alastair, The Road to Peking, Self-published, Canberra, 1993
Morrison, G. E., An Australian in China, Oxford University Press, Hong Kong, 1985
Murphey, Rhoads, Shanghai: Key to modern China, Harvard University Press, Cambridge, 1953
Mydans, Carl, More than Meets the Eye, Hutchinson, London, 1961
Osmond, Warren G., Frederic Eggleston: An intellectual in Australian politics, Allen & Unwin, Sydney, 1985
Pakula, Hannah, The Last Empress: Madame Chiang Kai-shek and the birth of modern China, Weidenfeld & Nicholson, London, 2010
Pal, John, Shanghai Saga, Jarrolds, London, 1963
Pott, F. L. Hawks, A Short History of Shanghai, Kelly & Walsh, Shanghai, 1928
Pottinger, George, Sir Henry Pottinger, First Governor of Hong Kong, Sutton Publishing, England, 1997
Powell, John B., My Twenty-Five Years in China, Macmillan, New York, 1945
Preston, Diana, The Boxer Rebellion: China’s War on Foreigners 1900, Constable & Robinson, London, 1999
Pringle, Henry F., The Experiences of a Civilian Prisoner-of-War in Shanghai and Beijing, China, 1942–1945, Privately published, Canberra, 2005
Ransome, Arthur, The Chinese Puzzle, Allen & Unwin, London, 1927
Rasmussen, O. D., What’s Right with China: An answer to foreign criticisms, Commercial Press, Shanghai, 1927
—— The Reconquest of Asia, Hamish Hamilton, London, 1934
Rea, Kenneth W. and John C. Brewer, The Forgotten Ambassador: The Reports of John Leighton Stuart, 1946–1949, Westview Press, Boulder, 1981
Roberts, Andrew, Salisbury, Victorian Titan, Weidenfeld & Nicolson, London, 1999
Sayer, Geoffrey Robley, Hong Kong, 1862–1919: Years of discretion, Hong Kong University Press, Hong Kong, 1975
Seagrave, Sterling, The Soong Dynasty, Harper & Row, New York, 1985
—— Dragon Lady: The Life and Legend of the Last Empress of China, Macmillan, London, 1992
Sergeant, Harriet, Shanghai, John Murray, London, 1991
Service, John S., The Amerasia Papers: Some problems in the history of US-China relations, University of California, Berkeley, 1971
Shaw, Ralph, Sin City, Everest Books, London, 1973
Sheean, Vincent, Between the Thunder and the Sun, Macmillan, London, 1943
Sherwood, Stephanie, Shanghai Recollections, Mini-Publishing, Sydney, 2004
Smedley, Agnes, China Correspondent, Pandora Press, London, 1984
—— China Fights Back, Left Book Club, London, 1938
Spence, Jonathan, To Change China: Western advisers in China 1620–1960, Little, Brown, 1969
—— The Gate of Heavenly Peace: The Chinese and their Revolution 1895–1980, Penguin, London, 1982
—— The Search for Modern China, W. W. Norton, New York, 1999
Schedvin, Boris, Emissaries of Trade: A History of the Australian Trade Commissioner Service, Department of Foreign Affairs and Trade, Canberra, 2008
Springfield, Maurice, Hunting Opium and Other Scents, Norfolk and Suffolk Publicity, Halesworth, Suffolk, 1966
Stead Sisters, The, Stone-Paper-Scissors: Shanghai 1921–1945, Oxon Publishing, 1991
Spurling, Hilary, Burying the Bones: Pearl Buck in China, Profile Books, London, 2010
Sternberg, Josef von, Fun in a Chinese Laundry, Mercury House, New York, 1988
Stilwell, Joseph W., The Stilwell Papers (arranged and edited by Theodore H. White), Macdonald, London, 1949
Sues, Ilona Ralf, Shark’s Fins and Millet, Little, Brown, Boston, 1944
Sun, Youli, China and the Origins of the Pacific War 1931–1941, St Martin’s Press, New York, 1993
Tennant, Kylie, Evatt: Politics and Justice, Angus & Robertson, Sydney, 1970
Timperley, H. J., What War Means: The Japanese terror in China, Victor Gollancz, London, 1938
Thorne, Christopher, The Limits of Foreign Policy: The West, the League and the Far Eastern Crisis of 1931–1933, Hamish Hamilton, London
—— The Far Eastern War: States and societies 1941–45, Counterpoint, London, 1980
—— Allies of a Kind: The United States, Britain and the War against Japan 1941–1945, Hamish Hamilton, London, 1978
Trevor-Roper, Hugh, Hermit of Peking: The hidden life of Sir Edmund Backhouse, Penguin, England, 1979
Tse Tsan Tai, The Chinese Republic: Secret History of the Revolution, South China Morning Post, Hong Kong, 1924
Tuchman, Barbara W., Stilwell and the Experience in China 1911–45, Macmillan, New York, 1970
Twomey, Christina, Australia’s Forgotten Prisoners: Civilians interned by the Japanese in World War Two, Cambridge University Press, Melbourne, 2007
Vagabond, The (John Stanley James), Occident and Orient: Sketches on both sides of the Pacific, George Robertson, Melbourne, 1882
Wakeman Jr, Frederic, Policing Shanghai 1927–1937, University of California Press, Berkeley, 1995
—— The Shanghai Badlands: Wartime terrorism and urban crime 1937–1941, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 1996
—— Sp
ymaster: Dai Li and the Chinese Secret Service, University of California, Berkeley, 2003
Warner, Marina, The Dragon Empress: The Life and Times of Tzu Hsi 1835–1908, Vintage, London, 1972
Wasserstein, Bernard, Secret War in Shanghai: Treachery, Subversion and Collaboration in the Second World War, Profile Books, London, 1998
Wasserstrom, Jeffrey N., Global Shanghai 1850–2010, Routledge, London, 2009
Wickert, Erwin (editor), The Good German of Nanking: The Diaries of John Rabe, Little, Brown, London, 1999
Willoughby, Major-General Charles A., Sorge: Soviet Master Spy, William Kimber, London, 1952
Wood, Frances, No Dogs and Not Many Chinese: Treaty Port Life in China 1843–1943, John Murray, 1998
Woodhead, H. G. W., A Journalist in China, Hurst & Blackett, London, 1934
Wright, Arnold (senior editor), Twentieth Century Impressions of Hong Kong, Shanghai and Other Treaty Ports of China, Lloyds, London, 1908
Wright, Mary Clabaugh, China in Revolution: The First Phase 1900–1913, Yale University Press, New Haven, 1968
Lectures
George Ernest Morrison Lectures 1932–1941, East Asian History, Number 34, December 2007, Institute of Advanced Studies, Australian National University, Canberra
Magazines and newspapers
Harper’s Magazine
Life Magazine
The New Yorker
The New York Review of Books
Time Magazine
United China Magazine
The Advertiser, Adelaide
The Age, Melbourne
The Argus, Melbourne
The Brisbane Courier
The Canberra Times
The Courier-Mail, Brisbane
The Daily Telegraph, Sydney
The Manchester Guardian (later The Guardian, London)
The Herald, Melbourne
The Mercury, Hobart
The New York Times
Sydney Morning Herald
The Times, London
The West Australian, Perth
The Western Mail, Perth
Abend, Hallett: New York Times correspondent in Shanghai from 1928 to 1941. He used W. H. Donald as a go-between with the Young Marshal, Chang Hsueh-liang, and Chiang Kai-shek.
Alley, Rewi: New Zealander who worked with Eleanor Hinder’s factory inspectorate and founder of the Gung Ho industrial co-operative scheme.
Anderson, Dame Adelaide: Melbourne-born member of the Shanghai Labour Commission, who tackled the problem of child labour in Shanghai sweatshops.
Anderson, Roy Scott: China-born American who worked with W. H. Donald on the Double Tenth Revolution and later shared a compound with him in Peking.
Armstrong, Jean: Sydney journalist targeted by the Japanese for her Christian beliefs and whose health was ruined by incarceration during World War II.
Auden, W. H. and Christopher Isherwood: Celebrated British writers who travelled to Shanghai in 1938 in search of a war and wrote a darkly humorous book about their experiences. They met W. H. Donald in Hankow who introduced them to Mayling Soong Chiang.
Bennett, James Gordon: Proprietor of the New York Daily Herald who hired W. H. Donald as South China Correspondent in 1905 and agreed to him moving to Shanghai in 1911.
Blacket, Captain Wilfred: Member of the Australian Security Service who travelled to Shanghai and Tokyo in an attempt to bring three Australian collaborators to justice.
Borodin, Michael (real name: Mikhail Markovich Gruzenberg): Americanised Russian adviser to Sun Yat-sen who organised the Kuomintang along Soviet lines. Expelled from China in 1927, he died in a Siberian labour camp after falling foul of Stalin.
Bowden, V. G. ‘Gordon’: World War I hero, novelist and businessman who became Australia’s trade commissioner to Shanghai in 1935. Bowden moved into the International Settlement with his wife Dorothy and three young children, Ivor, June and Doreen. The young Australian diplomats Arthur Nutt and Norman Wootton worked at his side advancing Australia’s political and commercial interests. Wootton was with him when he was murdered by a Japanese soldier in February 1942. After three and a half years in a POW camp on Sumatra, Wootton returned to Shanghai as commercial counsellor. He never recovered from his wartime experiences and later committed suicide.
Chang Hsueh-liang (Zhang Xueliang, the Young Marshal): Manchurian warlord and opium addict who employed W. H. Donald as adviser and who kidnapped Chiang Kai-shek in 1936 but released him after Donald’s intervention. Although under house arrest for many years, he eventually settled in Hawaii and lived to be 100.
Chang Jen-chun: Viceroy of Canton and Nanking who befriended W. H. Donald after he door-stepped his Cantonese yamen on an overnight trip from Hong Kong.
Chang Tso-lin (Zhang Zoulin, the Old Marshal): Chang Hsueh-liang’s father who captured Peking and was then assassinated by the Japanese for losing it to Chiang Kai-shek.
Chennault, Claire Lee: Head of the Flying Tigers, a group of American airmen who volunteered to fight the Japanese in China. He was a great supporter of W. H. Donald.
Chiang Kai-shek, Generalissimo (Jiang Jieshi): Nationalist leader who purged the Communists in Shanghai in 1927 and won a power battle with Wang Ching-wei (Wang Jingwei) for control of the Kuomintang. During the Sino-Japanese War, he was sus- pected of conserving his military strength to fight the Communists. In the end, he lost China to Mao Tse-tung (Mao Zedong).
Chou En-lai (Zhou Enlai): Mao Tse-tung’s chief lieutenant who attempted to set up a Shanghai commune in 1927 and narrowly escaped assassination during Chiang’s anti-Communist purge. Rose to become prime minister and foreign minister of the People’s Republic of China.
Clark Kerr, Sir Archibald: Australian-born British ambassador to China who supported Rewi Alley’s Gung Ho industrial co-operative scheme to save China’s secondary industry from the Japanese.
Clune, Frank: Australian author who travelled widely in China – and who exposed the Shanghai Club’s claim to have the longest bar in the world.
Copland, Sir Douglas: Australia’s Minister to China in 1946 who complained about the non-prosecution of Australian collaborators and who warned that Chiang Kai-shek would lose his battle with the Communists.
Deng Xiaoping: Veteran of the Long March, he survived Mao’s Cultural Revolution to lead China into an age of ‘socialism with Chinese characteristics’.
Donald, William Henry: Lithgow-born journalist and friend of George Ernest Morrison who wrote Sun Yat-sen’s manifesto after the Chinese Revolution of 1911 in which he played an important role. He was a complex man with a secret lust for power and was close to the centre of Chinese politics until 1940. His wife Mary left him in 1919 and he never forgave her. He was interned in the Philippines but survived the war only to die of lung cancer in Shanghai in November 1946.
Eggleston, Sir Frederic: Australia’s first Minister to China in 1941 was based at Chungking and was noted for the stimulating conversation at his salon and the clarity of his reports to Canberra. Denounced the embryonic pan-Asian movement as a threat to colonial supremacy.
Farmer, William Arthur ‘Buzz’: Australian reporter who arrived in Shanghai for a holiday in 1937 and was pressed into service as a war correspondent. He later joined Chiang Kai-shek’s Nationalists and worked with Donald in Hankow and Chungking. Wrote a first-class war book, Shanghai Harvest, under the name Rhodes Farmer.
Feng Yu-hsiang (Feng Yuxiang, a.k.a. the Christian General): Famous for baptising his troops with a garden hose, his men were responsible for the murder of Australian reporter Basil Riley.
Fernandez, Roy: Australian orphan who became inspector of the Shanghai Municipal Police and was interned in Shanghai in 1943.
Fernandez, Roy Jr: Australian diplomat who was raised in Shanghai and was interned in the Philippines with W.
H. Donald and then in Shanghai with his father.
Galen, General (Vasily Konstantinovich Blucher): Soviet general who played a major role in Chiang’s early victories was expelled from China in 1927 and executed on Stalin’s orders.
Gilbert, Rodney: American journalist who started a freelance agency with W. H. Donald in Peking and later wrote What’s Wrong with China.
Hinder, Eleanor Mary: Australian-born feminist who waged war on child labour and the mui tsai slave system as industrial secretary of the Shanghai Municipal Council. Stranded in Shanghai in 1941, she was repatriated to Canada the following year.
James, John Stanley (a.k.a. Julian Thomas, The Vagabond): Journalist who wrote brilliant colour articles about Shanghai for the Melbourne Argus in 1881 which formed the basis of his excellent book Occident and Orient.
Jenkins, Graham: Reuters correspondent who was sentenced to death by Chiang Kai-shek’s secret police for revealing that the Red Army had crossed the Yangtze and was heading for Shanghai.
Kung, H. H.: Chinese banker who married Ayling Soong, eldest of the three Soong sisters, and became China’s minister of finance. Suspected of corruption.
Lawrance, Les: Queensland speedway star who returned to Shanghai after a professional visit to work as head of the transport section of the Shanghai Telephone System, a position that put him in the frontline in the 1937 Battle of Shanghai.
Li Hung-chang (Li Hongzhang): China’s most prominent statesman for 25 years, an extraordinary feat of survival in the treacherous Manchu Court. He died of natural causes shortly after signing the Boxer Protocol in 1901.
Li Yuan-hung: Chinese general who became military governor of Hunah during the Double Tenth Revolution, then vice president under Yuan Shi-kai and ultimately president of the Chinese Republic.
McDonald, Colin Malcolm: Australian reporter who followed in the footsteps of G. E. Morrison as Peking correspondent of The Times. He was on board the USS Panay when it was sunk by Japanese planes.
McHugh, James M.: Naval attaché at the American Embassy, Nanking, and officer in charge of Far Eastern intelligence, he befriended Donald and used him to get close to the Chiangs.
Mao Tse-tung (Mao Zedong): Founding member of the Chinese Communist Party who saw clearly that the battle for China would be decided by its peasantry. Escaped to Yenan with the Long March in 1934 and led the fight against the Nationalists and the Japanese throughout the Sino-Japanese War. Triumphed over Chiang Kai-shek in the Chinese civil war and announced the founding of the People’s Republic of China on 1 October 1949.
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