The Habsburg Empire (1790-1918)

by C A Macartney

Olga, Grand Duchess, 1 f.

  Olmütz (Court in), 1 ff., 2, 3, 4

  Olmütz, Archbishop of, 1

  Omladina (Czech), 1, 2

  Omladina (Serb), 1, 2, 3

  Onciul, Dr Aurel Ritter von, 1

  ‘Oppositional Declaration’ (1847), 1

  Örményi, Jözsef, 1

  Orsova, 1

  Országos Kaszino, 1

  Orthodox Church, see Churches

  Orthodox Jews (Hungary), 1

  Oswiecim (Auschwitz), 1

  Otruba, G., 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6

  Ottakar, King of Bohemia, 1

  Otto, Archduke, 1

  Ottoman Empire, 1, 2 f., 3, 4, 5, 6 f., 7 f., 8 f., 9, 10, 11 f., 12, 13, 14 f., 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20 ff., 21

  Outer language of service, 1, 2

  Padua, 1, 2

  Padua, Armistice of, 1

  Paget, J., 1 f.

  Palacký, Františeck, 1 ff., 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 f., 7 f., 8, 9 f., 10, 11, 12, 13, 14 f., 15, 16 f., 17, 18, 19

  Palatine (Nádor), 1 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7

  Pálffy, Count Fidél, 1 f.

  Pálffy, Count József, 1

  Pálffy, Count Károly, 1

  Pálffy, Count Móritz, 1

  Palkovic, Georg, 1

  Palmer, A. W., 1, 2, 3, 4

  Palmerston, Lord, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5

  Pandurs, 1

  Pannasch, Col. A., 1

  Panslavism, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5

  ‘Para. 1’, see Emergency Paragraph;

  applications of, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5

  Paris, Treaty of (1815), 1

  Paris, Treaty of (1856), 1, 2

  Parliaments, Hungarian: 1867, 1 ff.; 1872, 1;

  1875, 1 ff;

  1881, 1 f.;

  1884, ibid.;

  1887, ibid.;

  1901, 1 ff.;

  1906, 1 ff.;

  1907, 1 ff.;

  1910, 1 ff.

  Parma, 1, 2, 3, 4

  Partito Populare, 1

  Partium, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6

  Party of 1848, 1, 2

  Party of the Federal Nobility, 1

  Party of Independence, 1, 2, 3, 4 ff., 5 ff., 6

  Party of Progress, 1

  Party of Pure Right, 1, 2 f., 3

  Party of Right, 1, 2, 3

  Party of Work, 1 f., 2, 3

  Pašić, N., 1

  Paskiewicz, Duke of Warsaw, 1 f.

  Passarowitz, Peace of, 1

  Passau, 1

  Patrimonial Courts, 1, 2, 3, 4; abolished, 1, 2, 3

  Patzelt, N., 1, 2, 3

  Paul, Emperor of Russia, 1

  Pavelić, M. A., 1

  Pavia, 1, 2

  Pázmándy, Dénes, 1, 2

  Peace Party (Hungary, 1849), 1

  Peasant Party (Croat), 1; see Radić, S., 1

  Peasants, 1 ff., 2 ff., 3 ff., 4 ff., 5, 6 ff., 7 ff., 8 ff., 9, 10 ff., 11 ff., 12 ff., 13 ff., 14, 15 ff., 16 f., 17 f., 18

  Pécs, 1, 2, 3

  Pejačević, Count Ladislas, 1

  Pejačević, Count Todor, 1

  Penal Patent, 1

  Penitent Sisters, 1

  Perczel, Mór, 1, 2

  Pereire, Banking House of, 1, 2

  Perényi, Count Z., 1, 2 f.

  Pergen, Count, J. A., 1, 2

  Pernerstorfer, Engelbert, 1

  Perthaler, Hans von, 1 f., 2, 3, 4

  Peschiera, battle of, 1

  Pest, 1 f., 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10

  Pesti Napló, 1

  Pethö, S., 1

  Petöfi, S., 1, 2, 3

  Pfersche, Emil, 1

  Pfingstprogramm, 1 ff.

  Pfleger, E. von, 1

  Philip, King of Spain, 1

  Piacenza, 1, 2

  Piarists, 1, 2

  Piasts, dynasty of, 1

  Pichler, Caroline, 1

  Piedmont, 1, 2, 3, 4 ff., 5, 6 7, 8 ff., 9, 10 f., 11, 12 ff.

  ‘Pig war’ (1904), 1

  Pilgrimage to Moscow, 1

  Pillersdorf, Franz Frh. von, 1, 2, 3, 4 f., 5, 6, 7 ff., 8 ff., 9 ff., 10, 11, 12 f., 13, 14

  Pilsudski, J., 1, 2

  Pinkas, Adolf, 1, 2, 3

  Pino, Baron F., 1

  ‘Pious Party’, 1 f., 2, 3

  Pipitz, Hofrat J. von, 1, 2

  Pirchegger, H., 1

  Pitreich, General N. Frh. von, 1

  Pius VIII, Pope, 1

  Pius IX, Pope, 1, 2

  Placetum Regium, 1, 2, 3, 4

  Plener, Ernst von, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7

  Plener, Ignaz von, 1 ff., 2 f., 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10

  Plevna, battle of, 1

  Podiebrad, Georg, 1

  Podolian Conservatives, 1

  Pogodin, M., 1, 2

  Poland, 1, 2 ff., 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16 f.

  Poland, First Partition of, 1, 2

  Poland, Second Partition of, 1, 2

  Poland, Third Partition of, 1

  Poles, 1, 2, 3, 4 ff., 5 ff., 6, 7, 8, 9, 10 ff., 11, 12 ff., 13 ff., 14 ff., 15 ff., 16, 17 ff., 18 f., 19 ff., 20, 21 f., 22, 23, 24, 25 f., 26 ff., 27 f., 28, 29 ff., 30 f., 31 ff., 32 f., 33 f., 34 ff., 35

  Police, 1, 2, 3, 4 ff., 5, 6

  Polish Club, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8

  Polish Legion, 1

  Polish Populists, 1 f.

  Polit, Michael, 1

  Polizeibetriebe, 1, 2, 3

  Pomaks, 1

  Poniatowski, Prince J., 1

  Popoviciu, Aureliu, 1, 2 f.

  Population statistics, 1 ff., 2 ff., 3, 4 f., 5 ff., 6, 7 ff., 8 ff., 9 ff., 10 f., 11 ff., 12 ff., 13 f.

  Populist Party, 1

  Porte, see Ottoman Empire

  Portugal, 1, 2

  Posen (Poznán), 1, 2

  Potocki, Count Alfred, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6

  Potsdam, Declaration of, 1

  Pozsega, 1

  Pozsony, 1 f., 2, 3 f., 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10

  Pragmatic Sanction, 1 f., 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16

  Prague, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9 f., 10, 11 ff., 12 ff., 13 ff., 14, 15, 16, 17

  Prague, Treaty of, 1, 2

  Prandstätter, Josef, 1

  Pratobevera, Frh. A., 1

  Prazak, Alois, 1 f., 2 f.

  Premyslides, dynasty of, 1

  Pressburg, Peace of, 1, 2

  Pribram, A. F., 1; cit., 1

  Prinetti, 1

  Privilege of Kassa, 1

  Privilegium Maius, 1, 2

  Privilegium Minus, 1

  ‘Progressive Conservatives’ (Hungarian), 1

  ‘Progressives’ (German-Austrian), 1, 2, 3, 4

  Prokeseh-Osten, 1

  Prokopowitsch, E., 1, 2

  Propinatio, 1, 2

  Prosvita, 1 f.

  Protestant Patent (1859), 1, 2

  Protestants, see Churches

  Provisoria (Hungary, 1849), 1 ff., 2

  ‘Provisorissimum’, 1

  Prpic, G. J., 1

  Prussia, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 f., 6 ff., 7 f., 8, 9, 10 ff., 11, 12, 13 ff., 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19 ff., 20, 21, 22 ff., 23 ff., 24, 25 f., 26 ff.

  Psenner, Dr L., 1

  Puchner, F.M.L. A. Frh. von, 1 f.

  Pulszky, F., 1 f., 2, 3, 4, 5

  Putz, 1, 2

  Quadrilateral, 1, 2

  Raab, Frh. von, 1

  Raab system, 1, 2, 3

  Raccognino Agreement, 1 ff.

  Radetzky, Count J., F.M., 1, 2 ff., 3, 4 f., 5, 6, 7 f., 8, 9 f., 10 ff., 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17

  Radić, Anton, 1

  Radić, Stjepan, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5

  Radical Party (Serbia), 1 f., 2, 3, 4

  Radowitz, J. M. von, 1, 2

  Railways, 1, 2, 3, 4 f., 5, 6 f., 7, 8 f., 9 f., 10, 11, 12, 13 f., 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19

  Raimund, Ferdinand, 1, 2

  Rainer, Archduke, sen., 1, 2, 3, 4 f.

  Rainer, Archduke, jun., 1, 2, 3, 4

  Rajačić, Bishop, 1, 2 f., 3 f., 4

  Rákóczi, Prince F., 1, 2 f., 3

  Rampolla, Cardinal,
1

  Randa, Prof. A., 1

  Rastatt, Treaty of, 1

  Rath, A. J., 1, 2, 3

  Ratio Educationis (Austrian), 1 f., 2 f.; (Hungarian), 1, 2

  Ratschky, Hofrat A. von, 1

  Rauch, Baron Levin, 1, 2, 3

  Rausch, Baron Pál, 1, 2

  Rauscher, Joseph Othmar von, 1, 2 f., 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10

  Ravelsberg, F. Strobl von, 1

  Realist Party, 1

  Rechberg, Count Johann, 1, 2 ff., 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8 ff.

  Redlich, Prof. Josef, 1; cit., 1 f., 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11 ff., 12 f., 13, 14, 15, 16, 17 f., 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27

  Reformation, 1, 2

  Reformed Church, see Churches (Calvinist)

  Regele, O., 1, 2 f., 3

  Regimental language, 1

  Règlement Organique, 1

  Reichenberg Convention, 1, 2, 3

  Reichshofrat, 1

  Reichskammergericht, 1

  Reichsrat (1849), 1, 2, 3; Narrower (1860), 1;

  Reinforced (1860), 1 ff.;

  (1867), 1 ff.;

  (1870), 1 ff.;

  (1873), 1 ff.;

  (1879), 1 ff.;

  (1885), 1 ff.;

  (1891), 1 ff.;

  (1897), 1 ff.;

  (1901), 1 ff.;

  (1907), 1 ff.;

  (1911), 1 ff.

  Reichstag (1848–9), 1 ff., 2 f., 3, 4, 5 ff.

  Reinohl, F., 1

  Reinsurance Treaty, 1

  Religious Fund, 1

  Renner, Karl, 1

  Reorganized Socialists, 1

  Repeal Movement, 1

  Rerum Novarum, Encyclical, 1

  ‘Reserved Rights’, Monarch’s (defence), 1, 2, 3

  Responsibility, Ministerial, Austria, 1, 2, 3, 4; Hungary, 1, 2

  Retsey, General A., 1

  Reuchlin, A., 1, 2, 3

  Reviczky, Count A., 1, 2, 3

  Rezek, Dr A., 1

  Ribay, Juray, 1

  Riedel, Frh. von, 1

  Rieger, F. L., 1 f., 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9 f., 10 f., 11 f., 12, 13 f., 14

  Riepl, R., 1

  Riesbeck, A., 1, 2

  Rilke, R. M., 1

  Ristić, 1

  Rittner, Dr E., 1

  Robot, 1 ff., 2 f., 3, 4, 5 f., 6, 7 ff., 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13

  Robot Patents, 1

  Rodić, General, 1 f.

  Rogge, W., 1, 2, 3, 4, 5

  Rokitansky, Karl, 1

  Roman Catholics, see Church

  Rosseger, Peter, 1

  Roth, Stefan Ludwig, 1, 2

  Rothschild, Anselm, 1 f., 2, 3

  Rothschild, James, 1 ff., 2, 3, 4

  Rothschild, Lionel, 1

  Rothschild, Salamon, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7 f., 8 f.

  Rottenhahn, Count, 1, 2

  Roumania, Kingdom of, 1, 2 f., 3, 4, 5, 6, 7; see Danubian Principalities, Moldavia, Wallachia

  Roumanian National Party of the Bukovina, 1

  Roumanians of Monarchy: in Bukovina, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 f., 6, 7, 8, 9 f., 10, 11, 12 f., 13, 14: in Hungary and Transylvania, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7 f., 8, 9, 10, 11 f., 12, 13, 14, 15 f., 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23 ff., 24 f., 25, 26;

  see also Vlachs

  Roumelia, Eastern, 1, 2

  Royal Bohemian Society of Sciences, 1

  Royal Free Boroughs, 1 ff., 2 f., 3, 4

  Rüdiger, F. J., Bishop, 1, 2

  Rudnay, Cardinal, 1 f.

  Rudolph I, German King, 1, 2

  Rudolph II, Emperor, 1

  Rudolph III, Duke, 1

  Rudolph IV, Duke, 1, 2

  Rudolph, Crown Prince, 1, 2

  Rukavina, Baron A., 1

  Rum, 1

  Ruptași, 1

  Russell, J., 1, 2, 3, 4

  Russia, 1, 2 ff., 3 ff., 4, 5 f., 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13 f., 14 ff., 15, 16, 17, 18, 19 ff., 20 ff., 21, 22 f., 23 ff., 24 ff., 25 ff., 26, 27 ff., 28, 29, 30 ff., 31 ff., 32 ff., 33 ff., 34 ff., 35 ff.

  Russian Revolution (1917), 1, 2

  Rustical Bank of Gablic, 1

  Rustical land, 1 f., 2 ff.

  Ruthenes, 1, 2 f., 3 f., 4, 5 ff., 6, 7 ff., 8 ff., 9 ff., 10 ff., 11, 12 f., 13 ff., 14, 15, 16 f., 17 ff., 18 f., 19 ff., 20 ff., 21, 22, 23, 24 ff., 25 ff., 26 f., 27, 28, 29 ff.

  Sacher-Masoch, L., 1, 2, 3 f., 4

  Safařik, Paul Josef, 1, 2, 3

  Șaguna, Mgr, 1, 2, 3, 4 ff.

  St Georgites, 1, 2, 3, 4 f.

  St Stephen, 1, 2

  Saki, 1

  Salisbury, Lord, 1

  Salm, Robert Altgraf in, 1

  Salonica Trial, 1

  Salzburg, 1 f., 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11

  Sandalled nobles, 1 f., 2, 3, 4, 5, 6

  San Lucia, battle of, 1, 2

  San Stefano, Peace of, 1

  Sandomir, 1

  Saphir, Moritz Gottlieb, 1

  Sapieha, Prince S., 1

  Sarajevo, 1, 2, 3, 4

  Sáros, County, 1

  Saurau, Count, 1, 2

  Saxons, Transylvanian, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 ff., 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18 ff., 19, 20, 21, 22 f.

  Saxony, 1, 2

  Sazonov, Serge, 1 ff., 2

  Schäffle, Dr A, 1, 2 ff., 3

  Schiff, 1

  Schiller, 1, 2, 3

  Schilling, Dr R., 1

  Schindler, Dr F. M., 1

  Schlegel, August Wilhelm, 1

  Schlegel, Dorothea, 1

  Schlegel, Friedrich, 1 f.

  Schleswig-Holstein, 1 f., 2 f.

  Schlick family, 1

  Schlieffen, von, 1

  Schlitter, A., 1, 2

  Schlözer, German diplomat, 1

  Schmerling, Anton, Ritter von, 1 f., 2, 3, 4 ff., 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10 f., 11, 12 f., 13 f., 14 ff., 15 f., 16, 17, 18, 19

  Schmidt, Konrad, 1

  Schmitt, Dr Eugen Heinrich, 1

  Schnürer, F., 1, 2, 3 f.

  Schoischnigg, Kabinettsrat, F., 1, 2

  Scholl, General, Frh. von, 1

  Schönaich, Baron von, 1, 2, 3

  Schönberg, 1

  Schönborn, family, 1

  Schönborn, Cardinal, 1

  Schönborn, Count von, 1, 2

  Schönbrunn, Convention of, 1

  Schönbrunn, Treaty of, 1 f., 2

  Schönerer, Georg von, 1, 2 f., 3 ff., 4, 5 f., 6

  Schratt, Katherina, 1

  Schreyvogel, Joseph, 1

  Schubert, Franz, 1, 2

  Schuler, O., 1

  Schulze-Delitsch, 1, 2

  Schuselka, F., 1 f., 2 f.

  Schwartner, F., 1 f.

  Schwarzenberg, Cardinal, 1

  Schwarzenberg, Prince Carlos, 1

  Schwarzenberg, Prince Egon, 1

  Schwarzenberg, Prince Felix, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9 ff., 10, 11 f., 12 ff., 13 ff., 14 ff., 15, 16 ff., 17, 18 ff., 19 f., 20, 21, 22, 23, 24

  Schwarzenberg, Prince Johann, 1

  Schwarzer, Ernst von, 1, 2, 3, 4 f.

  Schwind, M., 1

  ‘Scrape Quartet’, 1

  Sealsfield, A., 1, 2, 3

  Secret police, 1 f., 2 f., 3 ff., 4

  Sedan, 1

  Sedlnitzky, Count Joseph, 1, 2 f., 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9

  Seidler, Ignaz von, 1, 2

  Semmelweiss, Ignác, 1

  Semmering Pass, 1

  Sempach, battle of, 1

  Sennyey, Baron Pál, 1

  Serbia, 1 f., 2 f., 3 ff., 4 ff., 5, 6, 7 ff., 8 ff., 9 ff., 10 ff.

  Serbs (in Monarchy), 1, 2, 3, 4 ff., 5, 6 f., 7 ff., 8 f., 9, 10, 11, 12, 13 ff., 14, 15 ff., 16, 17 ff., 18, 19, 20 ff., 21, 22 ff., 23 f., 24 f., 25 f., 26, 27, 28 ff., 29 ff., 30 ff.

  Serfdom Patent, 1

  Serujac, General, 1

  Servitutenpatent (1853), 1

  Seton-Watson, R. W., 1, 2, 3; cit., 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14

  Seven Years War, 1

  Sezession, 1

  Shevchenko Society, 1

  Siczynski, R., 1
>
  Sieghart, R., 1, 2 f., 3 ff., 4

  Sigray, Count, 1

  Silagi, D., 1, 2, 3, 4

  Silesia, 1, 2 f., 3, 4, 5, 6 ff., 7 ff., 8, 9, 10, 11 f., 12, 13, 14 ff., 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21 f., 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27

  Simonyi, E., 1

  Simpson, F. A., 1

  Sina, Baron, 1 f., 2, 3, 4

  Singer, L., 1, 2

  Sinkay, George, 1 f., 2

  Sistova, 1

  Sixtus of Parma, Prince, 1 f.

  Skene, Alfred, 1

  Skerlecz, Baron, N., 1, 2, 3

  Skladkovsky, Dr Karl, 1

  Skoda, Joseph, 1, 2

  Skoda Works, 1

  Slava, 1

  ‘Slavery Law’, 1 f.

  Slavici, I., 1

  Slavonia, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10

  Slav Congress (1848), 1 f., 2; Stremayr Ordinances, 1 f., 2

  Slávy, József, 1 ff.

  Slomšek, Mgr A. M., 1

  Slovak Cultural Institute, 1, 2

  Slovak National Party, 1

  Slovaks, 1 ff., 2, 3, 4 f., 5 ff., 6, 7, 8 ff., 9, 10 ff., 11 ff., 12 ff., 13, 14, 15, 16 ff., 17, 18, 19 ff., 20 ff., 21 f., 22, 23, 24 f., 25 f., 26 f.

  Slovenes, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 ff., 7, 8, 9 ff., 10, 11, 12 ff., 13, 14 ff., 15, 16, 17 ff., 18, 19 f., 20, 21, 22 ff., 23, 24, 25

  Slovenska Jug, 1, 2 f.

  Slovo, 1

  Smetana, F., 1

  Smolka, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7

  Social Democrat Parties: Austria, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8 f., 9, 10 f., 11, 12 f., 13: Hungary, 1 ff., 2, 3, 4

  Social legislation (industry), before 1848, 1, 2, 3; in 1848, 1;

  later, in Austria, 1, 2;

  in Hungary, 1;

  (agriculture), in Hungary, 1

  Sokci, 1, 2

  Sokol, 1

  Solferino, battle of, 1

  Sommaruga, F. Frh. von, 1 f., 2

  Somogy, County, 1

  Sonderbund, 1 f.

  Sonnenfels, Josef, 1 f.

  Sophie, Archduchess (later, Empress Mother), 1 f., 2, 3, 4, 5 f., 6 f., 7 f., 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15

  Sopron, 1, 2, 3

  Sosnowski, M. von, 1

  Spanish Succession, War of, 1

  Spielmann, Baron Anton von, 1

  Spira, G., 1, 2

  Spitzmüller, Dr A. von, 1

  Sprachenzwanggesetz, 1, 2

  Springer, J., 1, 2 f., 3, 4

  Srbik, H., 1 f., 2, 3 f., 4, 5

  Srbska Rijeć, 1

  Staatsrat, 1, 2, 3 ff., 4, 5

  Staats-und Konferenzministerium, 1, 2; rat, 1, 2

  Staatskanzlei, 1