28. Ratner S. C. (1967). Comparative Aspects of Hypnosis. In J. E. Gordon (Ed.), Handbook of Clinical and Experimental Hypnosis (pp. 550–587). New York: Macmillan.
29. de Oliveira L., Hoffman, A., Menescal-de-Oliveira, L. (1997). The Lateral Hypothalamus in the Modulation of Tonic Immobility in Guinea Pigs. Neuroreport 8 (16), 3489–3493. Leite-Panissi, C. R. A., Coimbra, N. C., & Menescal-de-Oliveira, L. (2003). The Cholinergic Stimulation of the Central Amygdala Modifying the Tonic Immobility Response and Antinociception in Guinea Pigs Depends on the Ventrolateral Periaqueductal Gray. Brain Research Bulletin, 60, 167–178.
30. Marx, B. P., Forsyth, J. P., Gallup, G. G., Fuse, T., Lexington, J. (2008). Tonic Immobility as an Evolved Predator Defense: Implications for Sexual Assault Survivors. Clinical Psychology: Science and Practice 15, 74–94.
31. Kahlbaum, K. L. (1973). Catatonia (T. Pridan, Trans.). Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press. (Original work published 1874)
32. Conan Doyle, A. Services and Accounts; Personal Commercial Service Providers. In M. Ashley (Ed.), The Mammoth Book of New Sherlock Holmes Adventures. New York: Carroll & Graf.
33. Marx, B. P., Forsyth, J. P., Gallup, G. G., Fuse, T., Lexington, J. (2008). Tonic Immobility as an Evolved Predator Defense: Implications for Sexual Assault Survivors. Clinical Psychology: Science and Practice 15, 74–94.
34. Ibid.
35. Finn, R. (2003, January 1). Paralysis Common Among Victims of Sexual Assault. Clinical Psychiatry News. and Marx, B. P., Forsyth, J. P., Gallup, G. G., Fuse, T., Lexington, J. (2008). Tonic Immobility as an Evolved Predator Defense: Implications for Sexual Assault Survivors. Clinical Psychology: Science and Practice 15, 74–94.
36. See: Morgan, C. A., Wang, S., Southwick, S. M., Rasmusson, A., Hazlett, G., Hauger, R. L., Charney, D. S. (2000). Plasma Neuropeptide-Y Concentrations in Humans Exposed to Military Survival Training. Biological Psychiatry, 47 (10), 902–909.
37. Solomon, M., & Siegel, D. (Eds.). (2003). Healing Trauma: Attachment, Mind, Body, and Brain. New York: W. W. Norton & Company. Kessler, R., Sonnega, A., Bromet, E., Hughes, M., Nelson, C. (1995). Posttraumatic Stress Disorder in the National Comorbidity Survey. Archives of General Psychiatry, 52 (12), 1048–60.
38. Schore, A. N. (1999). Affect Regulation and the Origin of the Self: The Neurobiology of Emotional Development. London: Psychology Press.
39. Herman, J. (1997). Trauma and Recovery: The Aftermath of Violence: From Domestic Abuse to Political Terror. New York: Basic Books. Eckberg, M. (2000). Victims of Cruelty: Somatic Psychotherapy in the Healing of Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (illustrated ed.). Berkeley: North Atlantic Books.
40. Gallup, G., & Maser, J. (1977) Tonic Immobility: Evolutionary Underpinnings of Human Catalepsy and Catatonia. In J. D. Maser & M. F. P. Seligman (Eds.), Psychopathology: Experimental Models San Francisco: Freeman.
41. Terr, L. (1992). Too Scared to Cry: Psychic Trauma in Childhood. New York: Basic Books. Levine, P. A., & Kline, M. (2007). Trauma through a Child’s Eyes: Awakening the Ordinary Miracle of Healing. Berkeley: North Atlantic Press.
42. Levy, D. (1945). Psychic Trauma of Operations in Children. American Journal of Diseases of Childhood, 69 (1), 7–25.
43. Everything Is Not Okay. (July 1993). Reader’s Digest.
44. Starr, A., et al. (2004). Symptoms of Posttraumatic Stress Disorder after Orthopaedic Trauma. Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery, 86, 1115–1121. Sanders, M. B., Starr, A. J., Frawley, W. H., McNulty, M. J., & Niacaris, T. R. (2005). Posttraumatic Stress Symptoms in Children Recovering from Minor Orthopaedic Injury and Treatment. Journal of Orthopaedic Trauma, 19 (9), 623–628.
45. Ibid., ii.
46. Geisz-Everson, M., & Wren, K. R. (2007). Awareness under Anesthesia. Journal of PeriAnesthesia Nursing, 22, 85–90.
47. Liska, J. (2002). Silenced Screams. Park Ridge, IL: AANA Publishing, Inc.
48. Kahlbaum, K. L. (1973). Catatonia (T. Pridan, Trans.). Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press. (Original work published 1874)
49. Hess, W. R. (1949). Das Zwuchenhim. Basel: Schwabe.
50. van der Kolk, B. A., McFarlane, A., & Weisaeth, L. (Eds.). (2006). Traumatic Stress: The Effects of Overwhelming Experience on Mind, Body, and Society. New York: Guilford Press.
51. Murray, H. (1967). Dead to the World: The Passions of Herman Melville. In E. S. Schneidman (Ed.), Essays in Self-Destruction, 3-29. New York: Science House.
52. Damasio, A. (2000). The Feeling of What Happens: Body and Emotion in the Making of Consciousness. Boston: Mariner Books.
CHAPTER 5
53. Schore, J., & Schore, A. (2008). Modern Attachment Theory: The Central Role of Affect Regulation in Development and Treatment. Clinical Social Work Journal, 36 (1), 9–20.
54. Salzen, E. A. (1991). On the Nature of Emotion. International Journal of Comparative Psychology, 5, 47–110. Bull, N. (1951). The Attitude Theory of Emotion New York: Nervous and Mental Diseases Monographs. Morris, D. (1956). The Feather Postures of Birds and the Problem of the Origin of Social Signals. Behavior 9, 75–113.
55. Levine, P. A. (1978). Stress and Vegetotherapy. Journal of Energy and Character. Levine, P. A. (1991). Revisioning Anxiety and Trauma. In M. Sheets-Johnstone (Ed.), Giving the Body Its Due. New York: SUNY Press. Levine, P. A. (1996). Waking the Tiger: Healing Trauma. Berkeley: North Atlantic Books.
56. Kahlbaum, K. L. (1973). Catatonia (T. Pridan, Trans.). Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press. (Original work published 1874)
57. Bernard, C. (1957). An Introduction to the Study of Experimental Medicine. Mineola, NY: Dover Publications. (Original work published 1865)
CHAPTER 6
58. Porges, S. W. (2001). The Polyvagal Theory: Phylogenetic Substrates of a Social Nervous System. International Journal of Psychophysiology 42, 123–146.
59. Ekman, P. (1980). Biological and Cultural Contributions to Body and Facial Movement in the Expression of Emotions. In A. O. Rorty, Explaining Emotions. Berkeley: University of California Press.
60. Jackson, J. H. (1958). Evolution and Dissolution in the Nervous System. In Selected Writings of John Hughlings Jackson (pp. 45–84). London: Staples.
61. Lanius, R. A., Williamson, P. C., Densmore, M., et al. (2001). Neural Correlates of Traumatic Memories in Posttraumatic Stress Disorder: A Functional MRI Investigation. American Journal of Psychiatry, 158, 1920–1922.
62. Ibid. Lanius, R. A., Williamson, P. C., Densmore, M., et al. (2004). The Nature of Traumatic Memories: A 4-T fMRI Functional Connectivity Analysis. American Journal of Psychiatry, 161, 36–44.
63. Blakeslee, S. (2008). The Body Has a Mind of Its Own: How Body Maps in Your Brain Help You Do (Almost) Everything Better. New York: Random House.
64. Levine, P. (1977). Accumulated Stress Reserve Capacity and Disease. Doctoral thesis, University of California–Berkeley, Department of Medical Biophysics, Microfilm 77-15-760. Levine, P. (1986). Stress. In M. Coles, E. Donchin, and S. Porges (Eds.), Psychophysiology: Systems, Processes, and Application; A Handbook. New York: Guilford Press.
65. Souther, A. F., & Banks, M. S. (1979). The Human Face: A View from the Infant’s Eye. Paper presented at the biennial meeting of the Society for Research in Child Development, San Francisco, March 15–18.
66. Lorenz, K. (1949). King Solomon’s Ring. London: Methuen.
67. Markoff, J. (2009). Scientists Worry Machines May Outsmart Man. New York Times, Science section, July 26.
68. Carey, B. (2009). After Injury, Fighting to Regain a Sense of Self. New York Times, Science section, August 9.
69. Buber, M. (1971). I and Thou. New York: Free Press.
70. Porges, S. W. (1998). Love: An Emergent Property of the Mammalian Autonomic Nervous System. Psychoneuroendocrinology, 23 (8), 837–861.
71. Lanius, R. A., & Hopper, J. W. (2008). Reexperiencing/Hyperaroused and Dissociative States in Posttraumatic Stress Disorder. Psychiatric Times, 25 (13).
72. Damasio, A. R. (2000). The Feeling of What Happens. New York: Harves
t Books.
73. Van der Kolk, B. A., & McFarlane, A. (2006). Traumatic Stress: The Effects of Overwhelming Experience on Mind, Body, and Society. New York: Guilford Press.
74. Van der Hart, O., Nijenhuis, E. R. S., & Steele, K. (2006) The Haunted Self: Structural Dissociation and the Treatment of Chronic Traumatization. New York: W. W. Norton. Courtois, C. A., & Ford, J. D. (Eds.). (2009). Treating Complex Traumatic Stress Disorders: An Evidence-Based Guide. New York: Guilford Press. Fosha, D. (2000). The Transforming Power of Affect: A Model for Accelerated Change. New York: Basic Books. Paivio, S. C., & Pascual-Leone, A. (2010). Emotion-Focused Therapy for Complex Trauma: An Integrative Approach. Washington, DC: American Psychological Association.
75. Darwin, C. (1872). The Expression of Emotions, Man, and Animals. New York: Appleton.
76. Hadhazy, A. (2010). Think Twice: How the Gut’s “Second Brain” Influences Mood and Well-Being. Scientific American, February 12.
77. Lowry, T. (1967). Hyperventilation and Hysteria. Springfield, IL: Charles C. Thomas. Robert Whitehouse, PhD, personal communication, 2008.
78. Porges, S. W. (2009). The Polyvagal Theory: New Insights into Adaptive Reactions of the Autonomic Nervous System. Cleveland Clinic Journal of Medicine, 76 (suppl. 2).
79. Levine, P. A. (2008). Healing Trauma: A Pioneering Program for Restoring the Wisdom of Your Body. Boulder, CO: Sounds True. Figure used with permission from Sounds True, www.soundstrue.com.
80. Richter, C. D. (1957). On the Phenomenon of Sudden Death in Animals AND Man. Psychosomatic Medicine, 19 (3), 191–198.
CHAPTER 7
81. Sperry, R. W. (1952). Neurology and the Mind-brain Problem. American Scientist, 40, 291–312.
82. Held, R., & Hein, A. (1963). Movement-Produced Stimulation in the Development of Visually Guided Behaviours. Journal of Comparative and Physiological Psychology, 56, 872–876.
83. Held, R. (1965). Plasticity in Sensory-Motor Systems. Scientific American, 213, 84–94.
84. Edelman, G. (1987). Neural Darwinism: The Theory of Neural Group Selection. New York: Basic Books.
85. Rizzolatti, G., & Craighero, L. (2004). The Mirror-Neuron System. Annual Review of Neuroscience, 27, 169–192.
86. Preston, S. D., & de Waal, F. B. M. (2002). Empathy: Its Ultimate and Proximate Bases. Behavioral and Brain Sciences, 25, 1–72.
87. Havens, L. (1979). Explorations in the Uses of Language in Psychotherapy: Complex Empathic Statements. Psychiatry, 42, 40–48.
88. Ekman, P. (1980). Biological and Cultural Contributions to Body and Facial Movement in the Expression of Emotions. In A. O. Rorty (Ed.), Explaining Emotions. Berkeley: University of California Press.
89. Sherrington, C. (2010). The Integrative Action of the Nervous System. Republished by Nabu Press (2010).
90. Gisell, A. (1945). Embryology of Behavior. New York: Harper.
91. Levine, P., & Macnaughton, I. (2004). Breath and Consciousness. In I. Macnaughton (Ed.), Body, Breath, and Consciousness: A Somatics Anthology. Berkeley: North Atlantic Books. Robert Whitehouse, PhD, personal communication, 2008. Lowry, T. (1967). Hyperventilation and Hysteria. Springfield, IL: Charles C. Thomas.
92. Levine, J. D., & Fields, H. L. (1984). Placebo Analgesia—A Role for Endorphins? Trends in Neurosciences, 7 (8), 271–273.
93. Leite-Panissi, C. R. A., Coimbra, N. C., & Menescal-de-Oliveira, L. (2003). The Cholinergic Stimulation of the Central Amygdala Modifying the Tonic Immobility Response and Antinociception in Guinea Pigs Depends on the Ventrolateral Periaqueductal Gray. Brain Research Bulletin, 60, 167–178.
94. Boyesen, G. (1994). Über den Körper die Seele heilen: Biodynamische Psychologie und Psychotherapie (7th ed.). Munich: Kösel, 1994.
95. Gendlin, E. (1982). Focusing (2nd ed.). New York: Bantam Books.
CHAPTER 8
96. Cooper, J. (1994). Speak of Me as I Am: The Life and Work of Masud Khan. London: Karnac Books.
97. Myron Sharaf (author of Fury on Earth: A Biography of Wilhelm Reich), personal communication.
98. Phelps, E. A., et al. (2009). Methods and Timing to Treat Fears. New York Times, December 10, 2009.
99. LeDoux, J., & Gorman, J. (2001). A Call to Action: Overcoming Anxiety through Active Coping. American Journal of Psychiatry, 158, 1953–1955.
100. Damasio, A. (1999). The Feeling of What Happens. San Diego: Harcourt.
101. Tulku, T. (1975). Reflections of Mind: Western Psychology Meets Tibetan Buddhism (4th ed.). Berkeley: Dharma Publishing.
102. Van der Kolk, B., et al. (1996). Dissociation, Somatization, and Affect Dysregulation: The Complexity of Adaptation of Trauma. American Journal of Psychiatry, 153 (7), 83–93.
103. Danieli, Y. (1998). International Handbook of Multigenerational Legacies of Trauma (Springer Series on Stress and Coping). New York: Plenum.
104. Lifton, R. J. (1996). The Broken Connection: On Death and the Continuity of Life. Arlington, VA: American Psychiatric Publishing.
105. Levine, P. A., & Kline, M. (2006). Trauma through a Child’s Eyes: Awakening the Ordinary Miracle of Healing. Berkeley: North Atlantic Books.
106. Levine, P. A., & Kline, M. (2008). Trauma-Proofing Your Kids: A Parents’ Guide for Instilling Confidence, Joy and Resilience. Berkeley: North Atlantic Books.
107. Terr, L. (1992). Too Scared to Cry: Psychic Trauma In Childhood. New York: Basic Books.
CHAPTER 10
108. Goodall, J. (1999). Reason for Hope: A Spiritual Journey (p. 188). New York: Warner Books.
109. Eibl-Eibesfeldt, I. (1971). Love and Hate: The Natural History of Behavior Patterns. New York: Holt, Reinhart and Winston.
110. de Waal, F. (2005). Our Inner Ape. New York: Penguin.
111. Sapolsky, R. M. (2005). Monkeyluv. New York: Scribner.
112. Hauser, M. (2006). Moral Minds: How Nature Designed Our Universal Sense of Right and Wrong. New York: Ecco. Hauser, M. (2000). Wild Minds: What Animals Really Think. New York: Henry Holt. Bekoff, M. (2007). Minding Animals: Awareness, Emotions, and Heart (reprint ed.). New York: Oxford University Press.
113. Darwin, C. (2004). The Descent of Man (p. 100). New York: Penguin.
114. Sapolsky, R. M. (2004). Why Zebras Don’t Get Ulcers (3rd ed.). New York: Holt Paperbacks.
115. Darwin, C. (2009). The Expression of the Emotions in Man and Animals. London: Cambridge University Press. Regrettably, this edition omits Darwin’s magnificent drawings.
116. Ibid., p. 239.
117. Lorenz, K. (1966). On Aggression (p. 240). London: Methuen.
118. Meerloo, J. A. (1971). Intuition and the Evil Eye: The Natural History of a Superstition. Wassenaar, Netherlands: Servire.
119. Llinás, R. R. (2002). I of the Vortex: From Neurons to Self. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.
120. Blakeslee, S. (2006). Cells That Read Minds. New York Times, Science section, January 10.
121. Richter, C. P. (1957). On the Phenomenon of Sudden Death in Animals and Man. Psychosomatic Medicine, 19, 191–198.
122. Lacey, J. I. (1967). Somatic Response Patterning and Stress: Some Revisions of Activation Theory. In M. H. Appley & R. Trumbell (Eds.), Psychological Stress: Issues in Research. New York: AppletonCenturyCrofts.
CHAPTER 11
123. Papez, J. (1937). A Proposed Mechanism of Emotion. Archives of Neurology and Pathology, 38, 725–743.
124. Maclean, P. (1990). The Triune Brain in Evolution: Role in Paleocerebral Functions. New York: Springer.
125. Jung, C. G. (1969). The Structure and Dynamics of the Psyche (p. 152). Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.
126. Hess, W. R. (1981). Biological Order and Brain Organization: Selected Works of W. R. Hess. New York: Springer.
127. Gellhorn, E. (1967). Principles of Autonomic-Somatic Integrations. St. Paul: University of Minnesota Press.
128. Damasio, A. (2005). Descartes’ Error: Emotion, Reason, and the Human Brain. New York: Penguin.
129. Damasio, A. (1999). The Feeling of What Happens: Body and Emotion in th
e Making of Consciousness. San Diego: Harcourt.
130. Ferrier, D. (1886). The Functions of the Brain (p. 401). London: Smith, Elder.
131. Leitch, M. L. (2005). Just Like Bodies, Psyches Can Drown in Disasters. New York Times, May 31.
CHAPTER 12
132. Budbill, D. (2005). While We’ve Still Got Feet. Port Townsend, WA: Copper Canyon Press.
133. Ray, R. A. (2008). Touching Enlightenment: Finding Realization in the Body. Boulder, CO: Sounds True.
134. Dhar, P. L. (2005). Holistic Education and Vipassana. Available at http://www.buddhismtoday.com/index/meditation.htm.
135. Hume, D. (1980). A Treatise of Human Nature: Being an Attempt to Introduce the Experimental Method of Reasoning into Moral Subjects. New York: Oxford University Press.
136. Krishnamurti, J. (2007). As One Is: To Free the Mind from All Conditioning. Prescott, AZ: Hohm Press.
137. Parabola magazine, 2002.
CHAPTER 13
138. Damasio, A. (2000). The Feeling of What Happens: Body and Emotion in the Making of Consciousness. San Diego: Harcourt.
139. Goleman, D. (1997). Emotional Intelligence: Why It Can Matter More Than IQ. New York: Bantam.
140. Van der Kolk, B. A., & van der Hart, O. (1989). Pierre Janet and the Breakdown of Adaptation in Psychological Trauma. American Journal of Psychiatry, 146 (12), 1530–1540.
141. Myron Sharaf, personal communication.
142. Fosha, D. (2000). The Transforming Power of Affect: A Model for Accelerated Change. New York: Basic Books.
143. Binet, A. (1908). “Qu’est ce qu’une émotion? Qu’est ce qu’un acte intellectuel?” L’Année Psychologique, 17, 1–47.
144. Panksepp, J. (2004). Affective Neuroscience: The Foundations of Human and Animal Emotions (Series in Affective Science). New York: Oxford University Press.
In an Unspoken Voice Page 40