(27 March 2002).
53. Marshall Berman, All That Is Solid Melts into Air: The Experience of Modernity (New York: Penguin Books, 1982).
54. Alvin Toffler, The Third Wave (New York: William Morrow, 1980).
55. Lawrence Lessig, The Future of Ideas: The Fate of the Commons in aConnected World (New York: Random House, 2001).
56. C. M. Kornbluth, “The Marching Morons,” Galaxy, April 1951.
57. Sean Griffin, “Walt Disney Programs,”
58. Jack Valenti, “Home Recording of Copyrighted Works,” Hearings Before Subcommittee on Courts, Civil Liberties, and the Administration of Justice of theCommittee on the Judiciary, House of Repreentatives, Ninety-Seventh Congress, 12, 13, 14 April; 24 June; 22 and 23 September 1982,
59. Electronic Frontier Foundation, “Consensus at Lawyerpoint: Being a True Account of the Undertakings of the Broadcast Protection Discussion Group,”
60. Motion Picture Association of America, “Content Protection Status Report,”
61. Electronic Frontier Foundation, “Hollywood Wants to Plug the Analog Hole,”
62. Cory Doctorow, telephone interview by the author.
63. Dan Gillmor, “Bleak Future Looms If You Don’t Take a Stand,” Mercury News, 23 March 2002,
64. Yochai Benkler, “From Consumers to Users: Shifting the Deeper Structures of Regulation Toward Sustainable Commons and User Access,” Federal Communications Law Journal 52, 3 (2000): 561,
65. James Madison, Letter to W. T. Barry, 4 August 1822, < http://www.jmu.edu/madison/madison.htm#Purpose > (29 March 2002).
66. Steven Johnson, Emergence: The Connected Lives of Ants, Brains, Cities, and Software (New York: Scribner, 2001), 100.
67. Anthony Townsend, telephone interview by author, November 2001.
68. Anthony M. Townsend, “Life in the Real-Time City: Mobile Telephones and Urban Metabolism,” Journal of Urban Technology 7, 2 (August 2000), 87.
69. Jeff Goldman, “The City Transformed,” TheFeature.com, 22 November 2001,
70. Townsend, “Life in the Real-Time City,” 104.
71. William J. Mitchell, City of Bits: Space, Place, and the Infobahn (Cambridge: MIT Press, 1995). See also: The City of Bits Web Site,
72. William J. Mitchell, “The Revenge of Place,” in Proceedings, Third International Space Syntax Symposium, Atlanta, 2001,
73. Andy Clark, “Natural-Born Cyborgs?” in Cognitive Technology: Instruments of Mind, Proceedings of the 4th International Conference on Cognitive Technology, ed. M. Benyon, C. Nehaniv, and K. Dautenhahn (Berlin: Springer-Verlag, 2001), 17.
74. Ibid., 17.
75. Ibid., 20.
76. Ibid., 24.
77. Howard Rheingold, Tools for Thought (New York: Simon & Schuster, 1985).
78. Vannevar Bush, “As We May Think,” Atlantic Monthly, July 1945.
79. Rheingold, Tools for Thought.
80. Ibid., 138.
81. J.C.R. Licklider, “Man-Computer Symbiosis,” IRE Transactions on Human Factors in Electronics HFE1, March 1960, 4. Reprinted in In Memoriam: J.C.R. Licklider, 19151990 (Palo Alto: Digital Systems Research Center, 1990), 1.
82. M. Mitchell Waldrop, The Dream Machine: J.C.R. Licklider and the Revolution That Made Computing Personal (New York: Viking, 2001).
83. D. C. Engelbart, “A Conceptual Framework for the Augmentation of Man’s Intellect,” in Vistas in Information Handling, vol. 1, ed. D. W. Howerton and D. C. Weeks (Washington, D.C.: Spartan Books, 1963), 129.
84. Wright, Nonzero.
85. Ibid., 16.
86. Ibid., 22.
87. Ibid., 2223, 24.
88. Ibid., 152.
89. Ibid., 154.
Index
Aaltonen, Aleksi
Abrahamsson, Joel
Abuzz Web site
Active tags
Adar, Eytan
Ad-hocracies
Adorno, Thomas
Afghanistan
African grasslands
Agriculture
Ahtisaari, Marko
AI (artificial intelligence)
AIDS
AirSnort
Alexa Internet
Algorithms
Allen, Myles R.
Allexperts Web site
Almaden Research Laboratory (IBM)
Altair computer
Altruism
Always-on connections
Amazon Web site, xix
Anderson, David P.
Andreesen, Marc
Animism. See Technoanimism Antheil, George
Anthrax
Anthropology
AOL (America Online)
Apache server
Apollo space program See also NASA (National Aeronautics and Space Administration)
Apple Computer
Airports
Learning Communities group
and wireless networks
Arabianranta (Arabian Shore)
Architecture
Arcus
Arena 2000 project (Helsinki)
Armond, Paul de
Army (United States)
Aronsson, Lars
ARPA (Advanced Research Projects Agency)
ARPAnet See also ARPA (Advanced Research Projects Agency)
Arquilla, John
Artificial reality See also Virtual reality (VR)
"As We May Think" (Bush)
ASCI White supercomputer
Askme.com Web site
AT&T (American Telephone & Telegraph)
Bell Labs
MediaOne merger
and wireless networks
Atari Research Laboratory
Atlantic Monthly
ATMs (automatic teller machines)
Atomic bomb, development of
Atoms. See Bits and atoms Attentive billboards
Auctions and the Prisoner's Dilemma
and Reed's Law
and reputation systems
See also Auctionweb
eBay Web site Auctionweb
Augmented reality
Aula project (Helsinki)
Australia
Automobiles: GPS devices in manufacturing of
Axelrod, Robert
Baker and McKenzie
Barcode readers
Barpoint service
Battle of Seattle
Baudrillard, Jean
BAWUG (Bay Area Wireless Users Group)
BBC (British Broadcasting Corporation) News
Beatles
Becker, Gene
Behlendorf, Brian
Bell Canada
Bell Labs See also AT&T (American Telephone & Telegraph)
Bellovm, Steve
Benkler, Yochai
Bennahum, David
Bentham, Jeremy
Benzon, William
Berners-Lee, Tim
Big game hunting See also Hunting
Big Sky Telegraph system
Billboards, attentive
BIND software
Bioacoustics research
Biology and reputation systems
and self-organizing systems
and threshold models
Bits and atoms: dance of
"marriage of,"
BlackBerry pagers
Blink.com Web site
Blogs
Bluetooth
Bluetooth Special Interest Group
BMW (Bavarian Motor Works)
Boingo
Botfighters
Botswana
Bozofilters
BPDG (Broadcast Protection Discussion Group)
Bricklin, Dan
Britain See also United Kingdom
Bronowski, Jacob
Browsers, advent of
Brunner, John
Bryant Park
Bryant Park Restoration Corporation
Bug's Life, A (film)
Building Wireless Community Networks (O'Reilly Associates)
Buildings, computer chips in See also Smart rooms
Burning Man festival
Bush, Vannevar
Business plans
Butera, William
Cable: Internet access
modems
television
Cancer
Capitalism
Carnegie Bosch Institute
Carpenter, Loren
Center for Bits and Atoms (MIT)
Chechen rebels
Chicken game See also Game theory
Chwe, Michael Suk-Young
Circuit-switched networks
Cities, digital
Cisler, Steve
Citizen Watch Company
CITRIS (Center for Information Technology Research in the Interest of Society)
City of Bits (Mitchell)
Civil libertarians
Clark, Andy
Climate change
Clothing. See Wearable computing Clynes, Manfred
Coase, Ronald
Coaxial cable
Coca-Cola
Collabnet
Collaborative filtering systems
Collective action dilemmas
Colombia
Colonization
Columbia University
Commons "cornucopia" of the
innovation, the Internet as a
and reputation systems
tragedy of the
and wireless networks
Communications Act (1934)
Communism
Communities, virtual in Helsinki
LunarStorm community
and the open-source movement
origins of
and reputation systems
"The Well" community
Community computation. See also p2p (peer-to-peer) computing Competition
Computer(s): Altair computer
laptop
mainframe
operating systems for
super-
tablets See also PCs (personal computer)
"Computer for the 21st Century, The" (Weiser)
Computer Power and Human Reason (Weizenbaum)
Computer Prisoner's Dilemma Tournament
"Conceptual Framework for the Augmentation of a Man's Intellect, A" (Engelbart)
Congress
Conn, Grad
Constitution (United States)
Consume the Net
Contextual Computing Group
Contracts
CoolTown
Cooperation theory: and the alchemy of cooperation
and cooperation amplification
and cooperation catalysts
and CPR research
and the end-to-end principle
and the Internet as an innovation commons
and mutual aid
and Shelling points
and social networks, as driving forces
Copyleft license
"Cornucopia of the Commons, The" (Bricklin)
Counter-power
CPUs (central processing units)
and ad-hocracies
clustering
cycles
and grid computing
Intel, advent of
and Moore's Law
and the search for extraterrestrial intelligence
Crandall, Richard
Credit: cards verification services
Critical Mass
Crown Prince of Tonga
Cryptography
Cyberman (documentary)
Cybernetics See also Cyborgs (cybernetic organisms)
Cyberspace
Cybiko
Cyborgs (cybernetic organisms)
Cyborgspace
DAN (Direct Action Network)
Dance, of bits and atoms
See also Bits and atoms
DARPA (Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency)
Darwin, Charles
"Dataveillance,"
Dawkins, Richard
Dayton, Sky
Deadlock game
Defense Department
Delarocas, Chrysanthos
Democracy
in Mongolia
and non-zero-sum games
and reputation systems
and wireless networks
Dense-packet radio networks
Dery, Mark
Digia
Digital: cities
passport technology
Disciplinary methods See also Punishment
Disk space: and ad-hocracies sharing
Disney (company)
Disney, Walt
Distributed processing. See also p2p (peer- to-peer) computing
DNA
DoCoMo
and AT&T Wireless
headgear developed by
and ImaHima
i-mode service
and p2p software
and smart objects
and spam
Doctorow, Cory See also i-mode service Dotcom era, xiv
Dr. Dre (rap artist)
Dresher, Melvin. 42 Dubai
Duke University
Dunbar, Robin
Dyson, Esther
EarthLink
eBay Web site
and Reed's Law
and reputation systems See also Auctions
Economic theory
Ego strokes
Einstein, Albert
Electronic cottage, notion of
Electronic Frontier Foundation
Elektrosmog
Ellis, Jim
Ellul, Jacques
E-mail junk (spam)
origins of
and reputation systems See also Texting
Emergence (Johnson)
Emergency communications
Encryption
algorithms
and number theory
and reputation systems
and smart objects
Encyclopedia of Everything
End-to-end principle
Engelbart, Douglas
Engestrom, Jyri
ENGwear
Enlightenment
Enoki, Keiichi
Entropia
Epinions Web site
Ericsson (company)
Ericsson, Richard
Erlangen University
Escape Velocity: Cyberculture at the End of the Century (Dery)
Estrada, Joseph
Ethernet
Ethics
Ethnography
European Central Bank
Evolutionary theory
and Darwin
and extinction
and non-zero-sum games
and reputation systems
Evolution@home
Evolution of Cooperation, The (Axelrod)
ExpertCentral Web site
Experts-Exchange
Extinction, of species
Extraterrestrial intelligence See also SETI(Search for Extraterrestrial Intelligence) project Exxon
Eye contact, human discourse without
EyeTaps
Facial recognition systems
Fanning, Shawn
FAQs (Frequently Asked Questions)
FARC guerrillas
Federal Communications Commission (FCC)
and interference problems
and open-spectrum advocates
and MeshNetworks
Project 802 committee
Federal Express
Federal Radio Commission (FRC)
Feedback Forum
Fehr, Ernst
&
nbsp; Feiner, Steven
Feudalism
File sharing
Finland
Firefly
First Amendment See also Constitution (United States)
Fish, research on
Fisher, Scott
Flamers
Flame wars
Flocking behavior
Flood, Merill.
Folderol
Folding@home
Food sharing, emergence of
Forestry resources
Fortunati, Leopoldina
Forums
Foucault, Michel
France
France Telecom
Frankel, Justin
Frankfurt School
Fraud
Frauenfelder, Mark
FRC (Federal Radio Commission)
Free riders, dilemma of
Free Software Foundation
Freitas, Nathaniel
Frequency hopping
Fukuyama, Francis
Furniture, computer chips in, See also Smart rooms Future, "shadow" of
Future of Ideas, The (Lessig)
Gachter, Simon
Game theory
and Botfighters
and the Chicken game
and the Deadlock game
and economic theory
location-based
and non-zero sum games
and the Prisoner's Dilemma game
and the Public Goods Game
and reputation systems
and the Stag Hunt game
and the Ultimatum Game
and zero-sum games
Gartner Consulting
Gates, Bill
Gedye, David
Gelernter, David
General Motors
"Generation Txt,"
Genetics
Genome research
GeoNote system
Georgia Institute of Technology
German National Research Center for Information Technology
Germany
Gershenfeld, Neil
GFNs (group-forming networks)
Gigabit wireless
Gillette
Gilliat, Bruce
Glance, Natalie
Glaxo
Global positioning system (GPS) devices
in automobiles
development of
military uses of
and spread-spectrum technology
and the WorldBoard infrastructure
Global System for Mobile Communications (GSM) networks
"Gnomes of San Jose, The" (Doctorow)
Gnutella
GnutellaNet
Godell, Lars
Goffman, Erving
Google
Gordon, H. Scott
Gossip, social function of
Gould, Gordon
Gould, Stephen J.
GPL (GNU Public License)
GPS (global positioning system) devices,
in automobiles
development of
military uses of
and spread-spectrum technology
and the WorldBoard infrastructure
Smart Mobs Page 35