Maybe the language difference made Raza ignore Lucy’s every question though she tried an endless variety of vocalizations, gestures, and grunts. Something made him jumpy, constantly, but Lucy sniffed nothing other than the fragrant scrub, a family of chimps, and the ever-present Fire Mountain. Nor did she see any shift in the distant shadows to signal danger.
Still, his edginess made her anxious.
What is he hiding? Why does he never relax?
She turned toward the horizon hoping whatever connected sky to earth held firm, preventing danger from escaping and finding her. Garv credited Spider’s web with that task, said if it could capture Fly, it could connect those forces. Why it didn’t always work, Garv couldn’t explain. Herds and dust, sometimes fire, leaked through, as did Sun at the end of every day. Lucy tried to reach that place from many different directions but it moved away faster than she could run.
Another truth Lucy knew: Only in Sun’s absence did the clouds crack and send bolts of fire to burn the ground and flash floods to storm through the canyons. Sun’s caring presence kept these at bay.
A grunt startled her back to the monotony of the grassland. At the rear of their column, Baad rubbed his wrists, already swollen to the thickness of his arm. When she dropped back to ask if she could help, his face hardened but not before she saw the anguish in the set of his mouth and the squint of his eyes. The elders of her Group suffered too from gnarled hands. A common root, found everywhere, dulled the ache.
Why bring a male as old and worn as Baad without that root?
Lucy guessed he had been handsome in his youth with his commanding size, densely-haired body, and brawny chest. Now, the hair hung gray and ragged and a white line as thick as Lucy’s finger cut his face from temple to ear. In his eyes smoldered lingering anger, maybe from the shattered tooth that peeked through his parted lips.
Was that why he didn’t try to rut with her? Or did he consider her pairmated to Raza?
“Baad,” she bleated, mimicking the call sign Raza used. “This will help your wrist,” and handed him a root bundle from her neck sack. “Crack it open and swallow the juice.”
Baad sniffed the bulb, bit it, and slurped up the liquid. His jaw relaxed and the tension drained from his face, completely gone by the time they passed the hillock that had been on the horizon when Lucy first gave him the root.
“How did you know this would work?” Baad motioned as he watched her face.
Why didn’t he know was a better question. Lucy observed animals as they cared for their injuries. If Gazelle had a scrape on her flank, she bumped against a tree that wept sap so why shouldn’t Lucy rub the thick mucus on her own cut to heal it? If swallowing certain leaves rid Cousin Chimp of the white worms, why wouldn’t it do the same for Lucy? Over time, she’d collected the roots, blades, stems, bark, flowers, and other plant parts she and her Group came to rely on when sick.
But she didn’t know enough of Baad’s words to explain this so she shrugged. “I just knew.”
Baad remained at her side as though he wanted to talk more.
Lucy took the opportunity. “Baad. Why did you and Raza come for me?”
He made her repeat the question as he watched her hands, body movements, and face, and then answered, “Sahn sent us.”
His movement for ‘sent’ was odd. One finger grazed the side of his palm and pointed toward his body—the backtrail, the opposite direction of the forward trail.
“Sent you?”
“Because of the deaths.”
Memories washed across his face like molten lava down the slopes of Fire Mountain. His hand motions shouted a rage she never associated with death. Predators killed to feed their families or protect their territory, as they must. Why did that anger Baad?
“Can you repeat that? The deaths?”
This time, the closest she could interpret was ‘deaths without reason’ which made no sense. Death was never without reason. Though he must have noticed she didn’t understand, he moved on to a portrayal of the world she would soon live within. His location descriptions were clear. In fact, her Group also labeled places by their surroundings and what happened there—stream-where-hunters-drink, mountains-that-burn-at-night, and mound-with-trees. Locations were meaningless without those identifications. Who could find them if not for their surroundings?
His next question surprised her.
“Why did you come?”
Bile welled in Lucy’s throat. She couldn’t tell him how she failed everyone in her Group or explain that she wanted a better life for the child she carried. Instead, she grunted and pretended she misunderstood.
That night, Lucy slept fitfully, curled under a shallow overhang without the usual protection of a bramble bush barrier or a tree nest. Every time she awoke, Raza and Baad were staring into the dark night, faces tight and anxious, muscles primed.
When Sun reappeared to begin its journey across the sky, the group set out, Lucy again between Raza and Baad. She shadowed the monotonous bounce of Raza’s head, comforted by the muted slap of her feet, the thump in her chest, and the stench of her own unwashed body. As they trotted ever onward, she became increasingly nervous. Though everything from the berries to the vegetation, animals, and baobab trees reminded her of home, this territory belonged to another group of Man-who-makes-tools. Before today, she would no sooner enter or cross it as they would hers. But Raza neither slowed nor changed direction so all she could do to respect this land-not-hers was to move through without picking a stalk of grass, eating a single berry, or swallowing any of the many grubs and insects available. Here and there, Lucy caught glimpses of the Group that called this territory theirs as they floated in the periphery of her sight. She smelled their anger and fear, heard them rustling as they watched her pass, reminding her she had no right to be here. Raza and Baad didn’t seem to care or notice. Did they not control territories where they lived?
Before she could ponder this any further, she snorted in a fragrance that made her gasp and turn. There on the crest of a berm across the savanna, outlined against the blue of the sky, stood a lone figure, hair puffed out by the hot breeze, gaze on her.
“Garv!” Lucy mouthed before she could stop herself. He’s dead. I saw it.
No arm waved and no voice howled the agony of separation.
“Raza!” Baad jerked his head toward the berm.
“Man-who-preys?” Raza asked with a rigid parallel gesture.
Lucy’s throat tightened at the hand movement for danger.
“Who is Man-who-preys?” Lucy labored with the call sign. “We don’t prey. We are prey.” Why did this confuse Raza?
Raza dropped back and motioned, “I refer to the one called Man-who-preys—upright like us but tall and skinny.” He described the creature’s footprints with the distinctive rounded top connected to the bottom by a narrow bridge. She knew every print of every animal in her homeland. These didn’t exist.
“No. I’ve never seen those prints.”
He paused and watched her face. “You’re sure Mammoth slaughtered your males? Could it have been this animal?”
“No. I was there. I would have seen this stranger.”
Raza dropped back to talk to Baad. She tried to hear their conversation but they must have used hand motions. Who was this Man-who-preys and why did Raza think they caused the death of her Group’s males? Worse, if they followed Raza from his homeland, did that bring trouble to Feq?
Lucy easily kept up with Raza, her hand tight around an obsidian scraper as sharp and sturdy as the one the males gripped. Her wrist cords bulged like the roots of an old baobab, familiar with and accustomed to heavy loads and strenuous work. Both males remained edgy and tense, often running beside each other and sharing urgent hand motions. After one such exchange, Raza diverted from the route they had been following since morning to one less trodden. It’s what Lucy would do if worried about being tracked by a predator or to avoid a group of Man-who-makes-tools. They maintained a quicker-than-normal pace wel
l past the edge of her world. That suited her fine though she doubted that Man-who-preys could be more perilous than what preyed in her mind.
Click to purchase
About the Author
Jacqui Murray lives in California with her spouse and the world’s greatest dog. She has been writing fiction and nonfiction for 30 years and an adjunct professor in technology-in-education.
You can find Jacqui Murray on her blog:
https://worddreams.wordpress.com
Twitter:
https://twitter.com/WordDreams
LinkedIn
https://www.linkedin.com/in/jacquimurray
Bibliography
Allen, E.A., The Prehistoric World: or, Vanished Races Central Publishing House 1885
Brown Jr., Tom, Tom Brown’s Field Guide: Wilderness Survival Berkley Books 1983
Caird, Rod Apeman: The Story of Human Evolution MacMillan 1994
Calvin, William, and Bickerton, Derek Lingua ex Machina: Reconciling Darwin and Chomsky with the Human Brain MIT Press, 2000
Carss, Bob The SAS Guide to Tracking Lyons Press Guilford Conn. 2000
Cavalli-Sforza, Luigi Luca and Cavalli-Sforza, Francesco The Great Human Diasporas: The
History of Diversity and Evolution Perseus Press 1995 Conant,
Dr. Levi Leonard The Number Concept: Its Origin and Development Macmillan and Co. Toronto 1931
Diamond, Jared The Third Chimpanzee Harper Perennial 1992
Edey, Maitland Missing Link Time-Life Books 1972
Erickson, Jon Glacial Geology: How Ice Shapes the Land Facts on File Inc. 1996
Fleagle, John Primate Adaptation and Evolution Academic Press 1988
Fossey, Dian Gorillas in the Mist Houghton Mifflin 1984
Galdikas, Birute Reflections of Eden: My Years with the Orangutans of Borneo Little Brown and Co. 1995
Goodall, Jane In the Shadow of Man Houghton Mifflin 1971
Goodall, Jane The Jane Goodall Institute 2005 http://www.janFriendshipegoodall.com/chimp_central/chimpanzees/behavior/communication.asp
Goodall, Jane Through a Window Houghton Mifflin 1990
Grimaldi, David, and Engel, Michael Evolution of the Insects Cambridge University Press 2005
Human Dawn: Timeframe Time-Life Books 1990
Johanson, Donald and Simon, Blake Edgar From Lucy to Language Simon and Schuster 1996
Johanson, Donald and O’Farell, Kevin Journey from the Dawn: Life with the World's First
Family Villard Books 1990
Johanson, Donald and Edey, Maitland Lucy: The Beginnings of Humankind Simon and Schuster 1981
Johanson, Donald and Shreve, James Lucy’s Child: The Discovery of a Human Ancestor Avon 1989
Jones, Steve, Martin, Robert, and Pilbeam, David The Cambridge Encyclopedia of Human Evolution Cambridge University Press 1992
Leakey, Richard and Lewin, Roger Origins E.P. Dutton 1977
Leakey, Richard The Origin of Humankind Basic Books 1994
Leakey, Louis Stone Age Africa, Negro Universities Press 1936
Lewin, Roger In the Age of Mankind Smithsonian Books 1988
McDougall, J.D. A Short History of the Planet Earth John Wiley and Sons 1996
Morris, Desmond Naked Ape Dell Publishing 1999
Morris, Desmond The Human Zoo Kodansha International 1969
Rezendes, Paul Tracking and the Art of Seeing: How to Read Animal Tracks and Sign Quill: A Harper Resource Book 1999
Savage-Rumbaugh, Susan, et al Kanzi: The Ape at the Brink of the Human Mind John Wiley and Sons 1996
Spencer Larson, Clark et al Human Origins: The Fossil Record Waveland Press 1998
Stringer, Chris, and McSahn, Robin African Exodus: The Origins of Modern Humanity Henry Holt and Co. NY 1996
Strum, Shirley C. Almost Human: A Journey into the World of Baboons Random House 1987
Tattersall, Ian Becoming Human: Evolution and Human Uniqueness Harvest Books 1999
Tattersall, Ian et al Encyclopedia of Human Evolution and Prehistory, Chicago: St James Press 1988
Tattersall, Ian Fossil Trail: How We Know What We Think We Know About Human Evolution Oxford University Press 1997
Tattersall, Ian The Human Odyssey: Four Million Years of Human Evolution Prentice Hall 1993
Thomas, Elizabeth Marshall, The Old Way: A Story of the First People Sarah Crichton Books 2008
Tudge Colin Time Before History Touchstone Books 1996
Turner, Alan, and Anton, Mauricio The Big Cats and Their Fossil Relatives: An Illustrated
Guide to Their Evolution and Natural History Columbia University Press NY 1997
Vogel, Shawna Naked Earth: The New Geophysics Dutton 1995
Vygotsky, Lev The Connection Between Thought and the Development of Language in Primitive Society 1930
Walker, Alan and Shipman, Pat Wisdom of the Bones: In Search of Human Origins Vintage Books 1996
Waters, JD Helpless as a Baby http://www.jdwaters.net/HAAB%20Acro/contents.pdf 2001
Wills, Christopher Runaway Brain: The Evolution of Human Uniqueness Basic Books 1993
Reader’s Workshop Questions
Setting
What part did Nature and the land play in Xhosa’s ability to survive and thrive?
How does the setting figure as a character in the story?
Themes
Discuss Xhosa’s respect for all animals. Why do you think she felt this way?
Why did Xhosa and her kind survive Nature’s challenges? Discuss how her brain offset the ineffectiveness of her physical attributes?
We know Homo erectus died out, replaced by the more-advanced human, Archaic Homo sapiens. What characteristics and traits in this story help to explain why?
Character Realism
What traits made Xhosa a survivor?
Do you relate to Xhosa’s predicaments? To what extent does it remind you of yourself or a woman you know struggling to attain respect, fit into a ‘man’s’ world, or survive a toxic environment?
Character Choices
What moral/ethical choices did the characters in this book make? Discuss why the animals are referred to as ‘who’ rather than ‘that’ and why often they are addressed by proper nouns rather than simple nouns.
Discuss the dynamics between Xhosa, Nightshade, Hawk, and Pan-do. How did the People raise children? Do other primitive tribes handle families in this way?
What events triggered Xhosa’s evolution from passive to warrior?
Construction
Discuss how Xhosa communicated—with body language, gestures, facial expressions, and the rare vocalization. How effective do you think it was? How is it relevant today? What present-day animals communicate with methods other than words?
Discuss why Xhosa’s People didn’t use proper nouns to describe places.
Discuss Xhosa’s lack of a number system and how she described quantities (such as ‘Sun traveled a hand’ or ‘ticked them off on her fingers’). Discuss the limited number systems used by some primitive tribes even today.
How did early man make sense of the moon disappearing and reappearing over and over?
Reactions to the Book
Did the book lead to a new understanding or awareness of how man evolved to be who we are today? Did it help you understand something in your life that didn’t make sense before?
Did the book fulfill your expectations? Were you satisfied with the ending?
Other Questions
What do you think will happen to the characters in Book 2?
Discuss books you’ve read with a similar theme or set in the same time period.
(100%); filter: grayscale(100%); " class="sharethis-inline-share-buttons">share
Survival of the Fittest Page 29