Makhtab al-Khidimat (MAK) founding, 41, 106
parting ways with bin Laden, 109
Basayev, Shamil, 67–68
bin Laden, Bakr, 88
bin Laden, Mahrous, 95
bin Laden, Muhammed, 85, 86–88, 94
bin Laden, Osama. See also al Qaeda; jihad against U.S. and allies
Afghan jihad, lessons from, 97–98, 114–17
Afghan jihad activities, 97–101, 303, 305, 308
Afghanistan, return to, 163–64
Afghanistan activities, 129, 130–31, 155, 166–67
analogous to historical figures, 5–14, 205–6, 288–89
anti-American sentiments, 46–50, 94–95
assassination attempts, 156–59, 167
character and personality, 3, 75–81, 105, 114, 303–5
as cult hero, 25
early years of, 88–89, 93, 94
education of, 79–80, 89, 91–93
family of, 90–91
family origins, 85–86
finances
bank use, 37–38
donations to, 38–41
Islamic NGOs, 40–42
narcotic trafficking, 43–44
personal fortune, 31, 35–38
sources of funding, 31–32, 35
health of, 310
history, understanding of, 46–49, 283–84
influence of, 9, 10–11, 34–35
influence of father on, 88–90
leadership team
Afghan jihad connections, 101–3
education of, 80–81
marriages of, 93–94
media’s portrait of, xix–xx, 299–303, 316–21
Pakistan, departure for, 128
philosophy of, 3, 205–6, 316–17
popularity of, 121–23, 127, 164, 303–14
reaction to U.S. troops, 123–27
relationship with mother, 88–89
religious philosophy, 19, 305–6
research on, 315–21
Saudi Arabia, return to, 119, 121–28
sponsorship of, 22–23
Sudan, departure from, 155–59
Sudan activities, 129–30, 132–38
travels, international, 140–41
understanding, obstacles to, 17–30
U.S.-focused policy, 182–88, 231–32, 258–59
violence use by, 7
war with Christendom, 257–58
warfare philosophy, 206–9, 282
bin Mahfouz family, 270
biological weapons, 72–74, 133–34, 197–203, 260
Bosnia, 48, 154, 260
Britain, 263–64, 292, 293, 294–95
Brown, John, 5–7, 9, 11
Bunyan, John, 5, 7–9, 11, 288
casualties
civilian, 207
Egypt, 292
Kashmir, 233
military, 207, 209, 260, 278
Muslims as, 59–60, 71, 73–74
CBRN (chemical, biological, radiological, or nuclear) weapons, 72–74, 133–34, 197–203, 260
chemical weapons, 72–74, 133–34, 197–203, 260
Christian proselytizing, 272–73
civilizations, clash of, 27–29, 272–74, 287
Cole (U.S. destroyer), 7, 85, 215
Crusaders, 4, 24, 46–50, 56, 272
Crusaders war, 209–31
cults, 25
East Africa
al Qaeda expansion, 138–40
embassy bombings, 24, 25, 59, 208–9, 211, 212–13, 311
Egypt, 292
Egyptian Islamic Jihad (EIJ), 181, 182–86, 250–52, 262, 266, 268–69
experts, 20–23, 279–81
al-Fahdli, Tariq, 102–3, 146
France, 263, 264–65
Gama’at al-Islamiyya (IG), 181, 182–86
El-Hage, Wadih, 81, 102, 138, 139–40, 190, 237, 239, 243
HAMAS (Islamic Resistance Movement), 50, 225, 242, 261–62
Hamza, Mustafa, 80, 103, 138, 153, 185, 190
Henry, Patrick, 5, 10
Hizballah, 20, 21, 195–97, 209
Human Concern International (HCI), 42, 152
Ibrahim, Annis, 44
Ibrahim, Dawood, 44
imperial hubris, 25–30
Indonesia, 235–36
insurgencies, 269–70. See also specific groups
Iran, 195–97
Iraq, 123–28, 134–37, 194–95
Islam. See also Muslims
democracy movement, 114
encompassing nature of, 305–6
history of, 283–85
superiority of, 19
war against, xxi–xxii, 54–57, 272–74
Islamic nongovernmental organizations (NGOs), 40–42, 152, 238
Islamic Resistance Movement (HAMAS), 50, 225, 242, 261–62
Israel, 20, 50, 261–63, 274
Jefferson, Thomas, 5, 9–10
jihad against U.S. and allies
declaration of, 4, 11–13, 46–47, 145
goals of, 4
themes of
betrayal within Muslim world, 50–54
cooperation to attain goals, 57–60
duty of every Muslim, 60–62, 68–71, 76, 80, 269
enemies, 4, 46–50
incitement by bin Laden, 65–68, 75–76
self-defense, 54–57, 72–74
weapons, choices of, 71–74
youth, obligation of, 61–65
jihads
types of, 55
Western perception of, 4–5
Julaidan, Wa’il, 101
Kashmir, 212, 233–35
Kosovo, 48, 260
Kuwait, 123–28
Lebanon, 48, 195
Lincoln, Abraham, 291, 295–97
Makhtab al-Khidimat (MAK), 41–42, 106
martyrdom, 6–7, 33, 68
Masood, Ahmed Shah, 164–66
money, power of, 32–35, 280
Moro Islamic Liberation Front (MILF), 42, 100, 104, 192–93, 232–33, 249–50
mujahedin. See also Afghanistan
bin Laden assistance to, 103–5
confidence of, 23, 115
U.S. aid to, 26, 53–54, 115–16
Musharraf, Pervez, 175, 178–80, 271
Muslim Brotherhood, 92, 281–82
Muslims. See also Islam
as casualties, 59–60, 71, 73–74
duty to participate in jihad, 60–62, 68–71, 76, 80, 269
foreign policy of U.S., 19–20, 29–30
media’s portrait of, 300–301
Muslim media’s portrait of bin Laden, 317–19
patience of, 79–80
treatment of, by U.S., 252–54
U.S. education of, 42
Muwaffaq Foundation, 42, 200
narcotic trafficking, 42–44
National Islamic Front (NIF), 129, 132, 137–38
nuclear weapons, 72–74, 133–34, 197–203, 260
oil and natural resources, 51, 52–53
Omar, Mullah Muhammed, 167, 169–74, 278
Paine, Thomas, 5, 13–14
Pakistan, 174–80
Palestine, 20, 48, 261–62. See also HAMAS
Pentagon, 215, 243
Philippines, 191–93, 232–33, 260
Pilgrim’s Progress (Bunyan), 8–9, 288–89
al Qaeda. See also bin Laden, Osama
activities, worldwide, 150–55
attack sites, possible, 265–69, 283–85
Egyptian Islamic Jihad (EIJ) merger, 252
expansion of, 181–82, 188–89
in East Africa, 138–40
Philippines, 191–93
Somalia, 189–91
formation of, 110
gains for, 209–31, 232–36
Iraq, cooperation with, 134–37
leadership of, 270–71, 287–88
losses and setbacks for, 236–51, 276
losses for targeted governments, 231–32
patience of, 23–25
religious characteristics, 20–2
1
sponsorship of, 193–97
support for, 137–38, 145, 276
targets of, 259–61
Britain, 263–64, 292
Egypt, 292
France, 263, 264–65
Israel, 261–63
United States, 94–95, 182–88, 231–32, 258–59, 260–61, 271–72, 287–88, 292–94
Qutb, Mohammed, 92–93
radiological weapons, 72–74, 133–34, 197–203, 260
Rahman, Shaykh Omar Abdul, 97, 185–86, 210
al-Rashidi, Ali-Amin, 102
religion, 19–20
civilizations, clash of, 27–29, 272–74, 287
fanaticism, 32–33
Roosevelt, Theodore, 205–6
Salim, Mamdouh Mahmoud, 80–81, 101–2, 238
al-Saud family
betrayal of Islamic beliefs, 50–53
indictments against, 11–12
relationship with bin Laden family, 87–88, 91, 95–96
Saudi Arabia
betrayal of Islamic beliefs, 50–53, 69
bin Laden assassination attempts, 156–59
financial support for bin Laden, 39–40
Saudi Bin Laden Group, 85, 86–87, 95
Sea Hawk, 257–58
Services Office, 41, 106
Somalia, 48, 146, 148–49, 152, 189–91
Sudan, 193–94
Taliban movement
activity of, 26
aid from bin Laden, 164, 169–73
denunciation of U.S., 173–74
hosting of bin Laden, 167–70
losses and setbacks for, 277
narcotic trafficking, 42–44
warfare philosophy, 277, 278
Tammiyah, Taqi al-Din Ibn, 92
terrorism
jihads versus, 4–5
states sponsorship of, 21–22
support for networks, 22–23
terrorist, xix–xx
terrorist chiefs, 22–23
training camps
Arab-only camps, 106–7
establishment of, 105–7, 145
funding of, 101, 106, 137
goals of, 106
location of, 137
military curriculum, 141–43
United States
American Revolution, 9–10
attributes of Americans, xix–xxi, 17–18
foreign policy, 19–20, 29–30, 258–59
goals of, 285–86
jihad against (See jihad against U.S. and allies)
Muslims, treatment of, 252–54
patience of, 17, 25
response to al Qaeda forces, xxii–xxiii, 278–80, 282–83, 292–95, 311–12
responsibility of Americans, 291, 295–97
support for policies of, 271–72
as target of Islamic groups, 182–88, 231–32
understanding of bin Laden and al Qaeda, xix–xxi, 3–5, 275–76, 278–81, 294–95, 296
Wali Khan Amin Shah, 101, 154
war
Crusaders war, 209–31
against Islam, xxi–xxii, 54–57, 272–74
as obsolete, 18
warfare philosophy of bin Laden, 206–9, 282
warfare philosophy of Taliban, 277, 278
weapons
chemical, biological, radiological, or nuclear (CBRN) weapons, 72–74, 133–34, 197–203, 260
choices of, 71–74
World Islamic Front, 186–88
World Trade Center, 59, 152, 215, 243
Yasin, Shaykh Ahmad, 59, 68, 225
Yemen, 85–86, 122, 137–38, 146, 147–48, 151
Yousef, Ramzi Ahmed, xxii, 81, 152, 154, 320
al-Zawahiri, Ayman, 61–62, 80, 147, 184–86, 187, 215, 249, 251–52, 262–63, 268, 270, 274
About the Author
Bestselling author Michael Scheuer is the former head of the CIA’s Bin Laden Unit and has two decades of experience in national security issues related to Afghanistan and South Asia. After resigning from the agency in November 2004, he revealed his authorship of Imperial Hubris (Brassey’s, Inc., 2004) and Through Our Enemies’ Eyes, both originally published under the byline “Anonymous.” Scheuer has been featured extensively on television, including Sixty Minutes, and has been the focus of print media worldwide. He is an adjunct professor of security studies at Georgetown University and a regular contributor to the Jamestown Foundation’s Terrorism Focus (www.jamestown.org/terrorism). He lives in the Washington, D.C., area.
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