53 Karen Angel, Inside Yahoo!: Reinvention and the Road Ahead (New York: John Wiley, 2002), 222.
54 Stephan Paternot, A Very Public Offering: A Rebel’s Story of Business Excess, Success, and Reckoning (New York: John Wiley, 2001), 67.
55 “Silicon Alley 100,” Silicon Alley Reporter, March 1999.
56 Paternot, A Very Public Offering, 111.
57 Cassidy, Dot.Con, 197.
58 Paternot, A Very Public Offering, 118.
59 Ibid., 201.
60 Lessley Anderson, “The Selling of TheGlobe.com,” Industry Standard, July 5–12, 1999.
61 Securities and Exchange Commission, Form 10-Q, quarterly report for TheGlobe.com, accessed February 1, 2018, https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1066684/000089534500000280/0000895345-00-000280.txt.
62 Alan Abelson, “Up & Down Wall Street,” Barron’s, August 14, 2000.
63 David Henry, “More Insiders Sell Big Blocks of Stock: Surge May Foretell Market Weakness in 3 to 12 Months,” USA Today, September 18, 2000, 1B.
64 James Altucher, “How I Helped Mark Cuban Make a Billion Dollars and 5 Things I Learned from Him,” posted 2017, http://www.jamesaltucher.com/2011/04/why-im-jealous-of-mark-cuban-and-5-things-i-learned-from-him/.
65 Maggie Mahar, Bull! A History of the Boom and Bust, 1982–2004 (New York: HarperBusiness, 2003), 319.
66 Casey Hait and Stephen Weiss, Digital Hustlers: Living Large and Falling Hard in Silicon Alley (New York: HarperCollins, 2001), 292.
67 Mahar, Bull!, 325.
68 Ibid., 333.
69 Chet Currier, “The Bear Market Is Dead—Long Live the New Bull,” Bloomberg News, June 13, 2003.
70 “Participants Report Card for 2002: The Impact of the Bear Market on Retirement Savings Plans,” Vanguard Group Retirement Research, February 2003.
71 John Markoff, “Why Google Is Peering Out, at Microsoft,” New York Times, May 3, 2004.
72 Tim Ferriss Show, “163: Marc Andreessen—Lessons, Predictions, and Recommendations from an Icon,” https://tim.blog/2016/05/29/marc-andreessen/.
73 Keith Collins and David Ingold, “Through Years of Tumult, AOL Sticks Around,” Bloomberg, posted May 12, 2015, https://www.bloomberg.com/graphics/2015-verizon-aol-deal/.
74 Jim Hu, “AOL Time Warner Drops AOL from Name,” CNET, September 18, 2003, https://www.cnet.com/news/aol-time-warner-drops-aol-from-name/.
75 Swisher, There Must Be a Pony in Here Somewhere, 220, 260.
76 Christian Wolmar, Fire and Steam: A New History of the Railways in Britain (London: Atlantic Books, 2007), locs. 1628, 1971–72, Kindle.
77 Ibid., loc. 1934–35.
78 Ibid., loc. 1941–44.
79 Ibid., loc. 1637–38.
80 Om Malik, Broadbandits: Inside the $750 Billion Telecom Heist (Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley, 2003), x.
81 Roger Lowenstein, Origins of the Crash: The Great Bubble and Its Undoing (New York: Penguin, 2004), 150.
82 Malik, Broadbandits, xi; Shawn Young, “Why the Glut in Fiber Lines Remains Huge,” Wall Street Journal, May 12, 2005.
83 Wired Staff, “Bandwidth Glut Lives On,” Wired, September 30, 2004, http://archive.wired.com/techbiz/media/news/2004/09/65121?currentPage=all.
84 Young, “Why the Glut in Fiber Lines Remains Huge.”
85 “Internet Users in the World,” Internet Live Stats, http://www.internetlivestats.com/internet-users/.
86 “Total Number of Websites,” Internet Live Stats, http://www.internetlivestats.com/total-number-of-websites/.
87 Angel, Inside Yahoo!, 173.
88 Erick Schonfeld, “Facebook Overthrows Yahoo to Become the World’s Third Largest Website,” TechCrunch, December 24, 2010, https://techcrunch.com/2010/12/24/facebook-yahoo-third-largest-website/.
89 “Zuckerberg, Facebook Move to Mimic Amazon and Google’s ‘Go Anywhere’ Strategy,” Peridot Capitalist, April 17, 2014, https://www.peridotcapitalist.com/2014/04/.
11. I’M FEELING LUCKY: GOOGLE, NAPSTER AND THE REBIRTH
1 John Battelle, “The Birth of Google,” Wired, August 1, 2005.
2 Steven Levy, In the Plex: How Google Thinks, Works, and Shapes Our Lives (New York: Simon & Schuster, 2011), 121–22.
3 David A. Vise, The Google Story: For Google’s 10th Birthday (New York: Delta, 2006), 20.
4 Ibid., 37.
5 Levy, In the Plex, 17.
6 Ibid., 21.
7 Vise, The Google Story, 38.
8 Ibid., 33.
9 Levy, In the Plex, 29.
10 John Battelle, The Search: How Google and Its Rivals Rewrote the Rules of Business and Transformed Our Culture (New York: Portfolio, 2005), 84.
11 Internet History Podcast, Episode 41: Excite.com CEO George Bell, November 17, 2014.
12 Battelle, The Search, 85.
13 Levy, In the Plex, 31.
14 Vise, The Google Story, 79.
15 Battelle, The Search, 89.
16 Vise, The Google Story, 85.
17 Michael Specter, “Search and Deploy,” New Yorker, May 29, 2000.
18 Vise, The Google Story, 96.
19 David Kirkpatrick, “What’s a Google? A Great Search Engine, That’s What,” Fortune, November 8, 1999.
20 Levy, In the Plex, 72.
21 Ibid., 36.
22 Ibid., 67.
23 Steve O’Hear, “Inside the Billion-Dollar Hacker Club,” TechCrunch, March 2, 2014, https://techcrunch.com/2014/03/02/w00w00/.
24 Internet History Podcast, Episode 73: “Father” of the MP3, Karlheinz Brandenburg, July 14, 2015.
25 Ibid.
26 “A History of Storage Cost,” mkomo.com, September 8, 2009, http://www.mkomo.com/cost-per-gigabyte.
27 David Essex, “More Big Honkin’ Hard Drives in 1999,” CNN.com, January 21, 1999, http://www.cnn.com/TECH/computing/9901/21/honkin.idg/.
28 Paul Boutin, “Nullsoft, 1997–2004: AOL Kills Off the Last Maverick Tech Company,” Slate, November 12, 2004, http://www.slate.com/articles/technology/webhead/2004/11/nullsoft_19972004.html.
29 Downloaded, documentary directed by Alex Winter, 2013.
30 Joseph Menn, All the Rave: The Rise and Fall of Shawn Fanning’s Napster (New York: Crown Business, 2003), 191.
31 Ibid., 247, 260.
32 Ibid., 223.
33 Ibid., 134.
34 Richard Nieva, “Ashes to Ashes, Peer to Peer: An Oral History of Napster,” Fortune, September 5, 2013.
35 Menn, All the Rave, 205.
36 Nieva, “Ashes to Ashes, Peer to Peer.”
37 Internet History Podcast, Episode 139: The Napster Story with Jordan Ritter, April 16, 2017.
38 Greg Kot, Ripped: How the Wired Generation Revolutionized Music (New York: Scribner, 2010), 31.
39 Steve Knopper, Appetite for Self-Destruction: The Spectacular Crash of the Record Industry in the Digital Age (New York: Free Press, 2009),135.
40 Menn, All the Rave, 144.
41 Ibid., 230.
42 Ibid., 244.
43 Knopper, Appetite for Self-Destruction, 148.
44 Downloaded.
45 Menn, All the Rave, 102.
46 Knopper, Appetite for Self-Destruction, 143.
47 Kot, Ripped, 45.
48 Downloaded.
49 Stephen W. Webb, “RIAA v. Diamond Multimedia Systems: The Recording Industry Attempts to Slow the MP3 Revolution, Taking Aim at the Jogger Friendly Diamond Rio,” Richmond Journal of Law and Technology 7, no. 1 (Fall 2000), at https://scholarship.richmond.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1102&context=jolt.
50 Stephen Witt, How Music Got Free: The End of an Industry, the Turn of the Century, and the Patient Zero of Piracy (New York: Viking, 2015), 126.
12. RIP. MIX. BURN.: THE IPOD, ITUNES AND NETFLIX
1 Joe Wilcox, “Apple: Looking for a Few Good Converts,” CNET, March 26, 2002.
2 Alyson Raletz, “Man Who Came Up with iMac Name Tells What the ‘i’ Stands For,” Kansas City Business Journal, June 7, 2012.
3 Brent Schlender
and Rick Tetzeli, Becoming Steve Jobs: The Evolution of a Reckless Upstart into a Visionary Leader (New York: Crown Business, 2016), p. 263, Kindle.
4 Walter Isaacson, Steve Jobs (New York: Simon & Schuster, 2011), 384, Kindle.
5 Steve Knopper, Appetite for Self-Destruction: The Spectacular Crash of the Record Industry in the Digital Age (New York: Free Press, 2009), 166.
6 Isaacson, Steve Jobs, 388, Kindle.
7 Ibid.
8 Steven Levy, The Perfect Thing: How the iPod Shuffles Commerce, Culture, and Coolness (New York: Simon & Schuster, 2006), 134–35, Kindle.
9 Leander Kahney, Jony Ive: The Genius Behind Apple’s Greatest Products (New York: Portfolio, 2013), 183.
10 Isaacson, Steve Jobs, 390.
11 “Steve Jobs Introduces Original iPod—Apple Special Event (2001),” posted January 4, 2014, https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SYMTy6fchiQ.
12 Schlender and Tetzeli, Becoming Steve Jobs, 272.
13 Kot, Ripped, 35.
14 Ibid., 43.
15 Ibid., 42.
16 Isaacson, Steve Jobs, 396.
17 Ibid.
18 Ibid., 403.
19 Levy, The Perfect Thing, 143.
20 Isaacson, Steve Jobs, 405.
21 Ibid.
22 Levy, The Perfect Thing, 105.
23 Ibid., 109.
24 Ibid., 58.
25 Knopper, Appetite for Self-Destruction, 232.
26 “Global Recorded Music Revenue from 2002 to 2016 (in Billion U.S. Dollars),” https://www.statista.com/statistics/272305/global-revenue-of-the-music-industry/.
27 Tweet from @Mark_J_Perry, sourced from the RIAA, April 18, 2017, https://twitter.com/mark_j_perry/status/854407708870660097.
28 Knopper, Appetite for Self-Destruction, 181.
29 Gina Keating, Netflixed: The Epic Battle for America’s Eyeballs (New York: Portfolio, 2012), 27.
30 Stephen P. Kaufman and Willy Shih, Netflix in 2011, Harvard Business Review Case Study 615-007 (August 2014).
31 Keating, Netflixed, 67.
32 Ibid., 27.
33 Ibid., 59.
34 Ibid.
35 Peter J. Coughlan and Jennifer L. Illes, Blockbuster Inc. & Technological Substitution (A): Achieving Dominance in the Video Rental Industry, Harvard Business Review Case Study 9-704-404 (December 18, 2003).
36 Sunil Chopra and Murali Veeraiyan, Movie Rental Business: Blockbuster, Netflix, and Redbox, Harvard Business Review Case Study KEL616 (October 12, 2010).
37 Daniel Kadlec, “How Blockbuster Changed the Rules,” Time, August 3, 1998.
38 Kaufman and Shih, Netflix in 2011.
39 Keating, Netflixed, 185.
40 Kaufman and Shih, Netflix in 2011; Chopra and Veeraiyan, Movie Rental Business.
41 Kaufman and Shih, Netflix in 2011.
42 Jeremy O’Brien, “The Netflix Effect,” Wired, December 1, 2012, https://www.wired.com/2002/12/netflix-6/.
43 Ibid.
44 Larry Downes and Paul Nunes, “Blockbuster Becomes a Casualty of Big Bang Disruption,” Harvard Business Review, November 3, 2013.
45 Coughlan and Illes, Blockbuster Inc. & Technological Substitution (A).
46 Maria Halkias, “Blockbuster Is Trying to Turn It Around,” Dallas Morning News, May 2010, https://www.dallasnews.com/business/business/2010/05/08/Blockbuster-is-trying-to-turn-it-3330.
47 Chopra and Veeraiyan, Movie Rental Business.
48 Coughlan and Illes, Blockbuster Inc. & Technological Substitution (A).
49 Conor Knighton, “Be Kind, Rewind: Blockbuster Stores Kept Open in Alaska,” CBS Sunday Morning, April 23, 2017, https://www.cbsnews.com/news/be-kind-rewind-blockbuster-stores-kept-open-in-alaska/?ftag=CNM-00-10aab8c&linkId=36799161.
50 O’Brien, “The Netflix Effect.”
51 Matthew Boyle, “Questions for . . . Reed Hastings,” Fortune, May 23, 2007.
13. A THOUSAND FLOWERS, BLOOMING: PAYPAL, ADWORDS, GOOGLE’S IPO AND BLOGS
1 Fara Warner, “These Guys Will Make You Pay,” Fast Company, November 2001.
2 Ibid.
3 Eric M. Jackson, The PayPal Wars: Battles with eBay, the Media, the Mafia, and the Rest of Planet Earth (Washington, DC: WND Books, 2012), 34, 40.
4 Ibid., 180–81.
5 Matt Richtel, “Internet Offering Soars, Just Like Old Times,” New York Times, February 16, 2002.
6 John Battelle, The Search: How Google and Its Rivals Rewrote the Rules of Business and Transformed Our Culture (New York: Portfolio, 2005), 126.
7 David A. Vise, The Google Story: For Google’s 10th Birthday (New York: Delta, 2006), 98.
8 Battelle, The Search, 123.
9 Ibid., 93.
10 Kevin J. Delaney, “After Google’s IPO, Can Ads Keep Fueling Company’s Engine?” Wall Street Journal, April 29, 2004.
11 Ben Elgin, Linda Himelstein, Ronald Grover, and Heather Green, “Inside Yahoo!,” BusinessWeek, May 21, 2001.
12 Sergey Brin and Lawrence Page, “The Anatomy of a Large-Scale Hypertextual Web Search Engine,” accessed February 1, 2018, http://infolab.stanford.edu/~backrub/google.html.
13 Jim Hu, “Yahoo Reports Profit on Higher Revenue,” CNET, October 9, 2002.
14 Battelle, The Search, 141.
15 Steven Levy, In the Plex: How Google Thinks, Works, and Shapes Our Lives (New York: Simon & Schuster, 2011), 94.
16 Vise, The Google Story, 119.
17 Battelle, The Search, 148; Levy, In the Plex, 70.
18 “Google’s Ad Revenue from 2001 to 2016,” 2018, https://www.statista.com/statistics/266249/advertising-revenue-of-google/; John Huey, Martin Nisenholtz, and Paul Sagan, Riptide (Cambridge, MA: Harvard University/Shorenstein Center on Media, Politics and Public Policy, 2013), vol. 1, chap. 12, https://www.digitalriptide.org/chapter-12-google-the-second-coming/.
19 Kevin J. Delaney and Robin Sidel, “Google IPO Aims to Change the Rules,” Wall Street Journal, April 30, 2004.
20 Levy, In the Plex, 150.
21 Battelle, The Search, 220
22 Delaney, “After Google’s IPO.”
23 Ibid.
24 Matt Richtel, “Analysts Doubt Public Offering of Google Is a Bellwether,” New York Times, May 1, 2004.
25 “Letter from the Founders,” Wall Street Journal, updated April 29, 2004, https://www.wsj.com/articles/SB108326432110097510.
26 “Excerpts from Google’s Filing,” Wall Street Journal, updated April 29, 2004, https://www.wsj.com/articles/SB108326291882697484.
27 Levy, In the Plex, 149.
28 Ibid., 151.
29 Ibid., 149.
30 Gregory Zuckerman, “Google Shares Prove Big Winners—for a Day,” Wall Street Journal, August 20, 2004.
31 Ian Ayres and Barry Nalebuff, “Going, Going, Google,” Wall Street Journal, August 20, 2004.
32 Battelle, The Search, 227.
33 Laurie J. Flynn, “The Google I.P.O.: The Founders; 2 Wild and Crazy Guys (Soon to Be Billionaires), and Hoping to Keep It That Way,” New York Times, April 30, 2004.
34 John Markoff, “Why Google Is Peering Out, at Microsoft,” New York Times, May 3, 2004.
35 Levy, In the Plex, 101, 102.
36 Scott Rosenberg, Say Everything: How Blogging Began, What It’s Becoming, and Why It Matters (New York: Crown, 2009), 120, 125.
37 Ibid., 101.
38 Ibid., 102.
39 Ibid., 18.
40 Ibid., 53.
41 Newsweek Staff, “Whispers on the Web,” Newsweek, August 17, 1997, http://www.newsweek.com/whispers-web-172450.
42 Matt Drudge, “Anyone with a Modem Can Report on the World,” address before the National Press Club, June 2, 1998, http://www.bigeye.com/drudge.htm.
43 Ibid.
44 Philip Weiss, “Watching Matt Drudge,” New York, August 24, 2007.
45 Brian Abrams, Gawker: An Oral History (Kindle Single, 2015), loc. 138.
46 Ibid., loc. 229–30.
47 Ibid., loc. 248.
48 Julie Bosman, “First with the S
coop, If Not the Truth,” New York Times, April 18, 2004, http://www.nytimes.com/2004/04/18/style/first-with-the-scoop-if-not-the-truth.html?_r=0.
49 Vanessa Grigoriadis, “Everybody Sucks,” New York, October 14, 2007.
14. WEB 2.0: WIKIPEDIA, YOUTUBE AND THE WISDOM OF CROWDS
1 Nick Denton, “Second Sight,” Guardian, September 20, 2001.
2 Scott Rosenberg, Say Everything: How Blogging Began, What It’s Becoming, and Why It Matters (New York: Crown, 2009), 38.
3 Sarah Lacy, Once You’re Lucky, Twice You’re Good: The Rebirth of Silicon Valley and the Rise of Web 2.0 (New York: Gotham, 2008), 6.
4 “Jurisimprudence,” Schott’s Vocab, May 31, 2010, https://schott.blogs.nytimes.com/2010/05/31/jurisimprudence/.
5 Andrew Lih, The Wikipedia Revolution: How a Bunch of Nobodies Created the World’s Greatest Encyclopedia (New York: Hyperion, 2009), xv.
6 Ibid., 64–65.
7 “User: Ben Kovitz,” Wikipedia, last modified December 20, 2017, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/User:BenKovitz#The_conversation_at_the_taco_stand.
8 “Wikipedia Statistics: English,” December 18, 2017, https://stats.wikimedia.org/EN/TablesWikipediaEN.htm.
9 “Web 2.0,” November 2005, http://www.paulgraham.com/web20.html.
10 Fred Vogelstein, “TechCrunch Blogger Michael Arrington Can Generate Buzz . . . and Cash,” Wired, June 22, 2007.
11 Julia Angwin, Stealing MySpace: The Battle to Control the Most Popular Website in America (New York: Random House, 2009), 59.
12 Ibid., 238.
13 National Venture Capital Association, Yearbook 2015, http://nvca.org/?ddownload=1868.
14 Associated Press, “Venture Investment Hits a 6-Year High,” Los Angeles Times, January 19, 2008, http://articles.latimes.com/2008/jan/19/business/fi-venture19.
15 Lacy, Once You’re Lucky, Twice You’re Good, 100.
16 Sarah Lacy and Jessi Hempel, “Valley Boys,” BusinessWeek, August 14, 2006.
17 Michael Arrington, “Digg Is (Almost) as Big as Slashdot,” TechCrunch.com, November 9, 2005, https://techcrunch.com/2005/11/09/digg-is-almost-as-big-as-slashdot/.
18 Lacy and Hempel, “Valley Boys.”
19 Lacy, Once You’re Lucky, Twice You’re Good, 76.
20 John Cloud, “The YouTube Gurus,” Time, December 25, 2006.
21 Steven Levy, In the Plex: How Google Thinks, Works, and Shapes Our Lives (New York: Simon & Schuster, 2011), 245.
22 Wired Staff, “Now Starring on the Web: YouTube,” Wired, April 9, 2006, http://archive.wired.com/techbiz/media/news/2006/04/70627.
How the Internet Happened Page 39