How the Internet Happened
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Priceline.com, 144
TheGlobe.com, 173
Web 2.0, 252
Webvan, 148
Yahoo, 90–91
Iraq War, bloggers’ responses to, 243
IRC (Internet Relay Chat), 196
“irrational exuberance,” 140
Isaacson, Walter, 308
ISPs, 66; See also specific ISPs, e.g.: AOL, CompuServe
iTunes, 209, 211–16, 306
iTunes for Windows, 214
iTunes Store, 212–14
Ive, Jonathan “Jony”
and iMac, 208
and iPhone, 307, 309–10, 313, 319
and iPod, 211
and Newton, 296
iVillage, 124–25, 152, 156
Jackson, Thomas Penfield, 163, 170
Jerry’s Guide to the World Wide Web, 84–85
Jobs, Steve
and Apple–Cingular partnership, 307–8
and App Store, 317–18
on consumers’ desires, 303
as Google CEO dream candidate, 233
as hobbyist, 2
on iPhone as Internet browser, 317
and iPhone demo at Macworld, 314–16
and iPhone hardware, 313
and iPhone project go-ahead, 310
and iPhone prototype, 308–9
and iPhone software, 312
and iPhone success, 319
and iPod, 210–14
and iTunes store, 212
on Microsoft’s potential domination of Internet, 51
reluctance to enter cell phone market, 305–7
return to Apple in 1997, 208
Time magazine feature, 36
and touchscreen prototype, 309–10
vision for Macs as “digital hub,” 209
Johnson, Steven, 121
“Jumbotron” touchscreen prototype, 309–10
Kamangar, Salar, 193
Kanarick, Craig, 77, 78, 120
Kaphan, Shel, 97, 99–101
Karim, Jawed, 253
Kazaa, 252–53
Kearney, Phil, 313
Kellinger, Bill, 31
Kelly, James, 157
Kertzman, Mitchell, 234
Kinsella, Jim, 73
Kinsley, Michael, 73
Kirkpatrick, David, 192
Kirsch, Steve, 188
Kleiner Perkins Caufield & Byers, 27, 103, 193, 200, 226, 261
Knight Ridder, 71, 113, 118
Koogle, Tim, 88
Koop, C. Everett, 156
Kozmo.com, 148
Kramer, Larry, 121–22
Krane, David, 234
Krizelman, Todd, 173–75
K-Tel, 153
Kurzweil, Ray, 135
Kwatinetz, Jeff, 204
LaserDiscs, 217
late fees, 217, 218, 220
Lazaridis, Mike, 298
Lazy Sunday video, 254–55, 258
Lehman Brothers, 158
Lenk, Toby, 145, 146, 175
Leno, Jay, 50
Leonsis, Ted, 64–65, 124
Lessard, Bill, 74–75
Levchin, Max, 222, 224
Levin, Gerald, 40–42, 169, 299
Levitan, Robert, 124
libertarianism, 108, 109
Licklider, J. C. R., 321–23
links, 184–86
Linux, 246
Logan, Don, 75
long tail, 96
Lord, Rob, 198
Losse, Katherine, 271
Lycos, 90, 128, 130
Lynx browser, 11
McCain, John, 141
McCambley, Joe, 77–79
McCool, Mike, 13, 24
McCool, Rob, 10, 13, 20
McLemore, Greg, 146
McNamee, Roger, 139, 170
Macworld Conference (2007), 314–16
Madoff, Bernie, 142
magazines, mid 1990s web experiments, 72–73
Mahar, Maggie, 136, 140, 176
Malone, John, 40, 42
Manage.com, 270
“Man-Computer Symbiosis” (Licklider), 321–22
marketing
AOL, 61–62
and dot-com bubble, 150–57
and portals, 129–30
Yahoo, 89–90
market prices, 109
MarketWatch, 121, 152
MasterCard, 273
Mayer, Marissa, 183
Meeker, Mary, 139, 157
Mercata.com, 154
Mercury Center website, 71–72
Merholz, Peter, 237–38
Merill Lynch, 138
Merriman, Dwight, 120
Metallica, 202
Metcalfe, Jane, 75
Microsoft
antitrust trial, 162–65, 170
AOL and, 60–61, 63, 166
browser wars, 160–66
Digg and, 251–52
and digital music, 215
and dot-com bubble, 164–65
early Internet-related efforts, 45–46
and eShop, 109
and Google’s advertising research, 232–33
Hotmail acquisition, 128
and interactive television, 41–42
and Internet, 38–51
Internet’s potential misjudged by Bill Gates, 42–44, 164
Internet’s potential understood by young employees, 44–46
leveraging of Windows 95 platform, 52–53
market cap circa 1994, 38
as model for Netscape business strategy, 26
and mouse, 2
and Netscape, 35–37, 47
and Slate, 73
web browser plans, 46–47
Microsoft Network (MSN), 45, 53–54, 62–63, 66
Mittelhauser, Jon
and Mosaic project, 16
in NCSA in early nineties, 10
and Netscape IPO, 34
and Netscape origins, 21, 22
on Netscape’s early popularity, 32
on Netscape vs. Mosaic code, 29
and X Mosaic, 13
mobile devices; See also specific devices, e.g.: iPhone
early years of, 294–303
Newton MessagePad, 295–96
and pen-based computing, 294–97
RIM and BlackBerry, 298–300
Modern Media, 77
Monster.com, 71
Montessori schools, 183, 191
Montulli, Lou, 24, 69–70, 80
Morgan Stanley, 7
Moritz, Mike, 87, 193, 226
Mosaic
David Filo and, 84
growth, 14–15
Internet Explorer and, 46, 48
licensing of browser code to Spyglass, 29
Netscape Navigator and, 30
origins, 13–15
Mosaic Communications Corporation, 21–22
Moskovitz, Dustin, 269, 270, 274, 275, 278
Motorola, 88, 306–7
Motwani, Rajeev, 187
mouse, 2, 4
Movie Gallery, 217
movie industry, YouTube and, 257–58
Movie Match, 219
Mozilla, 22, 162
MP3 file format, 195–97, 209; See also iTunes; Napster
MP3 players
earliest, 206–7, 209–10
iPod, 210–12
MSN, See Microsoft Network
MTV, 202
multitouch technology, 310
Munzner, Tamara, 188
Murdoch, Rupert, 264
music
Amazon and, 106
AOL and, 167
Myspace and, 262
Napster and, 198–207
music industry
collapse of revenues, 215–16
Steve Jobs’s iTunes proposal, 212–14
losses to file sharing in 2001–2003, 212
Napster and, 201–7
Musk, Elon, 223, 224
Myspace (website), 254, 261–64, 272, 280, 283
Myspace.com (virtual hard drive), 154
My Yahoo, 129
Napster, 198–207
and copyright law, 255–56, 258
and decline in music CD sales, 212
and digital music, 209
lessons for Facebook, 270, 274
RIAA lawsuit, 201–4
and social component of web, 244, 276
Narendra, Divya, 267
Nasdaq, 133, 171–72
National Center for Supercomputing Applications (NCSA), 9–14, 16–17, 29, 110
National Science Foundation, 9
Nature’s Rose Floral Services, 71
Navigator, See Netscape Navigator
NCSA, See National Center for Supercomputing Applications
Nelson, Jonathan, 77
NETCOM, 53
Netflix, 217–21, 222
netroots, 243
Netscape Communications Corporation; See also Andreessen, Marc
AOL’s purchase of, 165–66
browser wars, 160–66
business strategy, 26
and dot-com era, 22–23, 134
IPO, 7–9, 32–35, 90
Microsoft and, 160–66
Microsoft’s first contact with, 47
Microsoft’s leveraging of Windows 95 platform, 52
as model for dot-com startups, 35–36
monetization strategy, 28, 86
origins of, 21–22
public relations at, 25–26
revenue at end of 1995, 32
road show, 34
sales department expansion, 31–32, 160–61
and SSL, 94
and venture capital, 27
Yahoo and, 85–86
Netscape Fishcam, 69–70
Netscape Navigator
browser wars, 160–66
and cookies, 80
development paradigm for, 23–24
Bill Gate’s reaction to release of, 47–48
growth following IPO, 36–37
Internet Explorer’s effect on, 51
introduction of, 29–31
and Microsoft antitrust trial, 162–65
rapid growth after introduction, 30–31
Newman, Josh, 150
News Corp, 264, 280, 285
News Feed (Facebook feature), 288–91
newspapers, early websites of, 71–72
Newton MessagePad, 295–96
New York City
as financial center for early web startups, 119–20
and media culture, 120–24
Silicon Alley, 120–24, 154–57
and Windows 95 launch event, 50
New York Post, 158
New York Times
Google IPO story, 234, 235
Mercury Center story, 72
Mosaic story, 17
on Newton, 296
PayPal IPO story, 224
website, 121
9/11 terrorist attacks, 172, 242–43
N2K, 167
Nokia 9000 phone, 301–2
Northeastern University, 196
Nupedia, 248
O’Connor, Kevin, 120
Officeclick.com, 154
Olsen, Candice Carpenter, 124, 156
Omidyar, Pierre, 108–14, 116–19, 295
online brokerage firms, 136
Open Market, 74
open source, 26, 246
Oppenheimer, 137–38
options collars, 175
Ording, Bas, 311
ORDVAC, 9
O’Reilly & Associates, 70–71
Organic, 77
OS X operating system, 318
Overture, 228–32
“ ‘Owner’s Manual’ for Google Shareholders,” 234
Page, Larry; See also Google
and advertising, 227, 229
and Google IPO, 234–35
and Google’s origins, 189–92
insight about links, 184–85
and links on the web, 184
and PageRank/BackRub, 185–88
and Eric Schmidt, 233
as Stanford student, 182–84
and venture capital, 193–94, 224
PageRank, 185–89
Palm Computing, 297–98, 302
PalmPilot, 297–98
Palm Treo, 302
Palm VII, 300
Parent Soup, 124
Parker, Sean
as celebrity, 202
departure from Facebook, 282
and Facebook as acquisition target, 286–87
and Facebook Photos, 283, 284
and Facebook’s first investment round, 281
and Facebook’s open registration, 292
at Facebook’s Silicon Valley house, 276–78
and future of music distribution, 206
on hopes for record industry cooperation with Napster, 204
and Napster’s origins, 198–99
New York City dinner with Mark Zuckerberg, 273
and RIAA trial, 202–3
on Yahoo’s offer to buy Facebook, 291
on Mark Zuckerberg’s ambivalence about Facebook, 279
on Mark Zuckerberg’s vision for Facebook, 270
Parr, Ben, 289
Patel, Marilyn Hall, 203
Paternot, Stephan, 173–75
Pathfinder.com, 73–75, 79, 169
PayPal, 222–24
pay per click, 228
paywalls, 121
PDAs (personal digital assistants), 295
Pearlstine, Norman, 75
peer-to-peer technology, 198, 252–53; See also Napster
Pei-Yuan Wei, 11–12
pen-based computing, 294–98
Pets.com, 146, 149–50, 171
PetSmart.com, 146, 150
PetStore.com, 146, 150
pet supplies, 146, 149–50
photographs
on Facebook, 283–84
on Flickr, 245
Pincus, Mark, 278
Pitchfork, 242
Pittman, Bob, 68
Pixelon, 154
Plaxo, 276, 277, 279, 292
Plotz, David, 122
portal wars, 130–31
Portland Pattern Repository, 246
Priceline.com, 143–45
Procter & Gamble, 286
Prodigy, 55–56, 59, 60, 63–65
product cycle, 23–24
Project Panama, 233–34
Pseudo.com, 155
Pure Atria, 217
Purple (iPhone code name), 308
Pyra Labs, 236–37
Quality Score, 230
Quantum Computer Services, 56
Quattrone, Frank, 34
R. R. Bowker, 98
railroad bubble (Britain, 1800s), 178–80
Randolph, Marc, 217
Razorfish, 120
RAZR flip phone, 306
recommendation engines, 100–101, 219
Recording Industry Association of America (RIAA), 201–4, 206–7
Reddit, 289
Reel.com, 218, 219
Research In Motion (RIM), 298–300, 302
Riggio, Leonard and Stephen, 104
Rio PMP300 MP3 player, 206–7
Ritter, Jordan, 198–201, 203
Road Ahead, The (Gates), 43–44
RocketMail, 130
ROKR, 306–7
Rolling Stone magazine, 202, 287
Rolling Stones, the, 50
Rose, Kevin, 251, 252
Rossetto, Louis, 75, 76
RSS (Really Simple Syndication), 239
Rubin, Andy, 295
Rubinstein, Jon, 210
Ryan, Jim, 307
Saehan Information Systems, 209
Sakoman, Steve, 307
sales tax, 97
Sandberg, Sheryl, 231
San Jose Mercury News, 25–26, 71–72
Sarbanes–Oxley Act, 252
Saturday Night Live, 254–55
Saverin, Eduardo, 269, 270, 273, 278
Schiller, Phil, 210–11, 305
Schmidt, Eric, 233
Schultz, Howard, 105
screen names, 58
Sculley, John, 2
95
search engines; See also specific search engines, e.g.: Google
mechanism of operation, 83–84
as most popular early websites, 82–83
in pre-Google era, 82–93
Sears, 55, 56
Seattle, Washington, 97, 101–4
Secure Sockets Layer (SSL), 26, 94
selfies, 317
September 11, 2001, terrorist attacks, 172, 242–43
Sequoia Capital, 87–88, 147, 193, 226, 279–80
sex, AOL chat rooms and, 58–59
Seybold, Andy, 299
SGI (Silicon Graphics), 33, 41
Shaheen, George, 172
Shatner, William, 144
shopping cart (Amazon feature), 100
shopping histories, 100
Short History of Financial Euphoria (Galbraith), 133–34
Shriram, Ram, 190, 226
Siegelman, Russell, 60
Siino, Rosanne, 25
Silicon Alley, 120–24, 156–57
“Silicon Alley 100,” 156–57
Silicon Alley Reporter, 156–57
Silicon Graphics (SGI), 33, 41
Silicon Valley
Marc Andreessen’s arrival in, 17–18
Facebook’s move to, 274–78
idealism in, 108
job losses in dot-com crash, 176–77
working environment, 25
Silverberg, Brad, 43, 47–49
Simon Personal Communicator, 301
Simpson, O. J., 74
Sinofsky, Steven, 45, 46
SiteSpecific, 119
SixDegrees.com, 260, 271
Skoll, Jeff, 113, 114, 118, 119
Skype, 253
Slashdot, 244–45, 247, 251
Slate, 73, 122
slide, 224
Slivka, Ben, 46, 47
Smarr, Larry, 17
smartphones, origins of, 301–3; See also iPhone
Smith, Jack, 127
Smith, Raymond, 40
Social Network, The (movie), 269, 273, 282
social networking; See also Facebook
AIM and, 259
beginnings of, 259–64
Friendster, 260–61
iPhones and, 320
Myspace, 261–64
SoftBank, 147
Song, Mary Lou, 113–14, 117
Sony Walkman, 214
Sorkin, Aaron, 273
SoundJam, 209
Source, The, 56
S&P 500, 133, 134, 168
Space.com, 156
Spears, Britney, 202
spiders, 83, 185
SportsLine, 171
Spyglass, Inc., 29, 32, 33, 48
SSL (Secure Sockets Layer), 26, 94
“Stacy’s Mom,” 216
Stanford University, 84, 182–90
Stanley, Paul, 154
Starbucks, 105
“Start Me Up,” 50
Steadman, Carl, 122, 123
Steele, Lockhart, 240
Sterling Payot, 76
stock market analysts, 137–39, 171
stock options, 35
Stone, Brad, 95
Stoppelman, Jeremy, 224
Streisand Effect, 201
Strickon, Joshua, 309
Suck.com, 122–24, 238, 240
Suria, Ravi, 158
Swarthmore College, 238
Swisher, Kara, 169, 170
Syman, Stefanie, 121
Synapse, 266
tagging, 245, 284