16. Francis D. Connor, Arthur B. Grinell, Willard C. Howry, James J. Johnson, Raymond A. Watson, Edith Barnett, and Mrs. McBride.
17. Graves, Adventure, 330.
Chapter 26
1. John Albert White, The Siberian Intervention (Princeton, N.J.: Princeton University Press, 1950), 351.
2. Hoover Institution on War, Peace and Revolution (HIWRP), Fred W. Bugbee Collection, Bugbee to his wife, January 22, 1920.
3. HIWRP, Edith Faulstich Collection, Bugbee report on incidents, January 23, 1919, Combat Action folder, Box 3.
4. U.S. Army Military History Institute (USAMHI), Gillem Papers, A. C. Gillem, “Report of Expedition to Mukheeve, January 7, 1920.”
5. USAMHI, Gillem Papers, A. C. Gillem, “Report.”
6. U.S. Military Academy Museum (USMAM), Lieutenant Dixon to his father and Tracey, January 4, 1919.
7. HIWRP, Virginia Westall Taylor Papers, “Bull Kendall in Siberia,” The Blue Devil Magazine (May 1987): 6.
8. HIWRP, Taylor Papers, “Bull Kendall,” 6.
9. William S. Graves, America’s Siberian Adventure (New York: Peter Smith, 1941), 313.
10. Graves, Adventure, 312.
11. HIWRP, Harris Papers, McCroskey file, Graves to Washington, December 14, 1919, Box 2.
12. HIWRP, Harris Papers, McCroskey file, Harris to Washington, January 14, 1920, Box 2.
13. HIWRP, Harris Papers, McCroskey file, Harris to Washington, February 17, 1920, Box 2.
14. Graves, Adventure, 314.
15. Graves, Adventure, 315.
16. USAMHI, World War I Survey, Joseph Loughran questionnaire.
17. HIWRP, Edith Faulstich Collection, Admiral Kolchak folder, Box 8; and Herman Bernstein, “Kolchak’s Own Story,” Chicago Herald and Examiner, November 21, 1921.
18. Graves, Adventure, 321–323.
19. HIWRP, Edith Faulstich Collection, 31st Infantry file, Special Orders #43, March 8, 1920, Box 13.
20. USAMHI, “History of the 27th Infantry Regiment,” unpublished, 1922.
21. Graves, Adventure, 328.
22. HIWRP, Edith Faulstich Collection, Military folder, “Dates of Arrival in and Departure from Siberia,” Box 9.
23. John Albert White, The Siberian Intervention (Princeton, N.J: Princeton University Press, 1950), 361–369.
24. USAMHI, Robert L. Eichelberger Papers, “Memoirs,” E53–54.
25. USAMHI, Joseph B. Longuevan Papers, David R. Opperman, “Army Transports and Navy Warships Participating in the Siberian Intervention,” January 5, 1984, 15.
26. Gen. Peyton C. March, The Nation at War (Garden City, N.J.: Doubleday, Doran and Co., 1932), 139–140.
Chapter 27
1. George F. Kennan, Soviet-America Relations, 1917–1920: Volume II. The Decision to Intervene (Princeton, N.J.: Princeton University Press, 1958), 470.
2. Kennan, Decision, 459–460.
3. National Archives, College Park, Maryland (NACP), “Memo from Rear Adm. N. A. McCully to the Secretary of the Navy,” August 9, 1919, AEFS, RG 395.
4. Sylvian G. Kindall, American Soldiers in Siberia (New York: Richard R. Smith, 1945), 251.
SELECTED BIBLIOGRAPHY
PRIMARY SOURCES
Public Records
American Monuments Battle Commission, Washington D.C., Selected List of WWI Burials.
National Archives, Washington, D.C., Naval Records, Record Group 45.
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National Archives, College Park, Maryland, Records of American Expeditionary Force Siberia, Microfilm Reels 1–12, Record Group 395.
National Archives, College Park, Maryland, Records of the American Red Cross, Record Group 200.
National Archives, Washington, D.C., Naval Records, Record Group 24.
Unpublished
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Lawes, A. L. From A. L. Lawes to Mr. W. A. H. Hulton, July 18, 1918. Olga Melikoff Collection. Montreal, Quebec, Canada.
MacMorland, E. E. Letters. USAMHI. Carlisle, Pennsylvania.
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Oudemuller, John. Diary. JAHC. Holland, Michigan.
Parrish, Silver. Diary. UMBHL. Ann Arbor, Michigan.
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Rasmussen, Raymond. Diary. UMBHL. Ann Arbor, Michigan.
Ray, Robert. Diary. MOM. Frankenmuth, Michigan.
Report. Conduct of Company I, George E. Stewart Papers. U.S. Military Academy Museum (USMAM). West Point, New York.
Roster of Company K. Percy Walker Papers. MOM. Frankenmuth, Michigan.
Ryan, Charles Brady Diary. UMBHL. Ann Arbor, Michigan.
Salchow, Hugo. Reminiscences. UMBHL. Ann Arbor, Michigan.
Simpson, Charles. Diary. UMBHL. Ann Arbor, Michigan.
Siplon, James. Diary. JAHC. Holland, Michigan.
Smith, Gordon. Diary. UMBHL. Ann Arbor, Michigan.
Stewart, George E. Report of Expedition to the Murman Coast. USMAM. West Point, New York.
Totten, Paul. Memoirs. UMBHL. Ann Arbor, Michigan.
Trombley, Edward. Diary. UMBHL. Ann Arbor, Michigan.
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Graves, William S. 1941. America’s Siberian Adventure, 1918–1920. New York: Peter Smith.
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Kettle, Michael. 1992. Churchill and the Archangel Fiasco, Novemb
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Chwialkowski, Paul. 1993. In Caesar’s Shadow. Westport, Conn.: Greenwood Press.
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Grand Rapids Press. Undated newspaper clipping.
INDEX
310th Engineer Battalion, 146; in Archangel, 27, 114, 120; battle of Bolshe-Ozerkiye, 56–57; Beletskoe front, 62, 66; Dvina casualties, 80, 82, 289n18; joins 339th Infantry Regiment, 18, 20
ACLU, 269
Adrianovka, 160
Adventure, 117
Advisory Railroad Commission, 154, 156. See also Railroad Advisory Commission
Agnew, John, 62–63
Ahearn, Joseph, 201
Aide Memoire, xxix–xxxii, 8, 166, 179, 198, 241, 252. See also Woodrow Wilson
air, 14, 33, 40, 56. See also RAF
Akutin, Captain, 107
Alabernarde, Major, 38, 105
Albers, George, 39, 68, 280n32
Albertson, Ralph, 130, 146
Alexandra Novsky Barracks Mutiny, xii, 125
Alison, Charles, 224
Allderdice, Fitzhue, 212, 220, 222–23
Amerika Bay, 231, 235, 237
Amiral Aube, 5, 10
Amur region, 186
Amur River, 12, 240, 182–83, 186, 203
Anderson G. J., 27, 37
Anderson, Abel, 226
Anderson, E. D., 170
Anderson, Jake, 85
Anderson, Jesse A., 253–54
Andrieva Bay, 231
Angove, John, 85
Archangel, 32, 38, 55–56, 58–59, 102, 106; falls to Soviets, 268; as headquarters, 40, 43, 64, 79, 104,
110–12; importance of, xxvi, 4, 103; landing in, 9–16, 24–30, 48–49, 76; and railroad companies, 132–34; as rest area, 41–42, and Siberia, 179; Soviet, 113; troops in, 62, 87, 101, 107; withdrawal, 140, 144–46
Arkins, Edwin, 78, 142
Armistice, 38, 86, 88, 127, 129, 185, 195, 200, 239
armored trains, 156, 207, 209–12, 217, 245–46; Czech, 253, 255; Kalmykof’s 202; North Russia, 38–39, 41–42, 135–37; Semenov’s “Destroyer”, 259–60, 262
Arms, Thomas, 238
artillery, 54, 78–79
artillery, Allied, 56–57, 89, 92, 95
artillery, Soviet: at Dvina, 81, 83, 85; gas shells, 58; at Kodish, 64–65, 70; superior guns, 42, 53; at Ust Padenga and retreat, 94, 96, 100
Askold, 7
Assire, Myron, 80
Asurian, 10
atrocities: American, 234; Bolshevik, 92–93, 108–9, 284n12; Chinese bandits, 172–73; Cossacks, 182–83, 186, 188–89, 202–3, 209–10, 243, 260; Japanese, 174–75, 188, 214, 220; White Russian, 189, 220, 242, 246, 262
Atterbury, W. W. 132
Auslander, Floyd, 58
Austro-Hungarians vs. Czechs, xxii–xxiii Avda, 41, 64–65, 68, 70
Avery, Harley, 50
Babinger, Joseph, 27
Babinger, William, 37
Bachelor, Chester, 214, 233
Baelski, Frank, 187
Bahr, Golden Charles, 28, 130
Baikal, 173, 177, 181, 206, 208–10, 217, 258–62
Bailey, Captain, 57
Baker, John J., 56, 67–68
Baker, Joseph, 136
Baker, Newton, xxviii, 140, 198; and Graves, 166–67, 178; opposes intervention, xxix, 131; and withdrawal, 139, 185
Bakharitza, 26–28, 30, 76, 114
Baldwin Locomotive Company, 156
Ball, Elbert, 86
Ballard, Clifford, 62, 66, 72
Ballensinger, Richard W., 52–53, 55, 57–58, 278n24, n25
Baranof, 212
Baranovski, 174
Barbier, Captain, 46
barges, 13, 30, 76–77, 80, 90
Barrows, Colonel, 194
Battle of Verst 18. See Bolshie-Ozerki
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