Dimbleby, David, 130, 573, 576, 679
disability: stigma attached to, 17; and social care, 69; special needs education, 73; Major’s legislation on, 205; and 2012 Paralympics, 380–1; DLA replaced with PIP, 660–1
Disability Living Allowance (DLA), 660–1
Disraeli, Benjamin, 6, 24, 205, 217
Djibouti, 485
Dodds, Nigel, 603
Doha Round, 153
Douglas-Home, Alec, 127, 362
Dowden, Oliver (Olive), 116, 128, 241
Dowler, Milly, 257, 259
Draghi, Mario, 431, 437
Dress for Success, 195
drug policy, 26, 56; abstinence-based rehabilitation, 123, 208; failures in, 123, 207–8
Duggan, Mark, 296, 297
Duncan, Alan, 282
Duncan, Ian, 316
Duncan Smith, Iain, 4, 60, 84, 105, 199; becomes Tory leader (2001), 57–8; fall of as leader, 61–2, 235; and CSJ, 96, 188; as work and pensions secretary, 138, 188, 389–90, 505, 509, 583, 586; and Universal Credit, 188, 389, 583; rejection of gay couples’ right to adopt, 438; and EU referendum, 655–6, 661, 673; resignation during EU referendum campaign, 661
Dunlop, Andrew, 317, 552, 553
Dunn, Anita, 127–8
Dunwoody, Gwyneth, 109
Ealing Southall by-election (2007), 105
Eastern Partnership Conference (Lithuania, 2013), 521–2
Ebola virus, 532–3, 698
economics: free market theories, xvii, 25, 92; ‘What Price Unemployment?’ (IEA pamphlet), 25; ‘fiscal stimulus versus deficit reduction’ row, 150, 152; ‘global imbalances’, 152; case for austerity policy, 179–81
Economist, 234, 434
Economists for Free Trade, 667
economy, British: public debt under Labour, xv, 111, 113–14, 180–1; problems in late 1980s/early 1990s, 35, 39, 41–2; impact of ERM membership, 41–2; Lamont’s post-ERM policy, 43–4; supply-side reform, 43, 182–3, 191, 430; growth in 1990s, 44, 53; importance of public spending, 44; and Tory policies at 2010 election, 122, 125, 127, 132; coalition spending cuts, 140–1, 172–5, 177–80, 183–9, 193, 226–7, 432; and Britain’s global influence, 145; ‘commercial diplomacy’, 146, 156, 158–9, 381, 431, 481; ‘fiscal stimulus versus deficit reduction’ row, 150, 152; UK as foreign investment capital of Europe, 156; Spending Review (October 2010), 179, 189; economic growth under Labour, 181–2; north–south division, 181, 502–3, 580, 699; ‘monetary activism’ policy, 182–3, 191–2, 430–1, 437; UK as start-up capital of Europe, 183; Emergency Budget (June 2010), 185, 188; knowledge economy, 223; 2013 Autumn Statement, 225; ‘Omnishambles’ Budget (2012), 347–58, 433; as DC’s biggest test, 430–7, 696–7; lack of growth (2010–13), 430–7; 2012 Autumn Statement, 432–3; DC’s speech at Keighley (2013), 435–6; 2013 Budget, 436, 475; ONS revises data (2013), 436; growth figures become positive (2013), 437; lack of living standards recovery, 468–72, 560; post-2013 recovery, 468–72, 477–8; cost-of-living figures wrong, 477; ‘Long Term Economic Plan’ (LTEP, 2014), 496–7, 499, 501, 503, 565, 569–70; Spring Budget (2014), 503; and failures of globalisation, 512; March 2015 Budget, 564–5; South-East Asia trade mission (2015), 587–8; 2015 Autumn Statement, 621; contribution of EU workers, 634
education system: grade inflation, xv, 219; Labour’s legacy, 3; ‘pupil premium’, 6, 208; nursery provision, 26; Blair’s policies, 53–4, 218, 220–1; special-needs education, 73; Tory policy in 2005 manifesto, 77; DC as shadow education secretary, 78–9, 218; progressive conservative approach, 92, 217–21, 233, 553–4, 605, 691, 697; DC as teaching assistant in Hull, 102; grammar schools, 102, 219, 252; Future Leaders programme, 124; Free Schools, 127, 220, 397, 604, 691; and austerity policies, 189; Balfour and Butler’s achievements, 205; DC’s reforms, 208, 217–19, 233, 397, 506–7, 553–4, 605, 697; private schools, 217, 219; literacy levels, 218–19; targets and bureaucracy, 218; 1960s ‘cultural revolution’, 219; Assisted Places Scheme, 219; academies programme, 220–1, 397, 507, 553–4; City Technology Colleges, 220; Converter academies, 221; DC’s support for phonics method, 221, 392; National Curriculum, 221; ring-fencing of schools budget, 221; Sponsored academies, 221; TeachFirst scheme, 221; private operators running state schools, 473; Lancaster House Reform Summit, 506
Edward, Prince, 21
Edwards, James, 20–1
Egypt, 269–71, 273, 278, 448, 606
Electoral Commission, 624–5, 657
electoral system: DC’s views on, 6, 291–2; Alternative Vote (AV) system, 9–11, 14–15, 289–90; Bogdanor as authority on, 31, 291; favours Labour in 2010, 132, 288; boundary reform, 288–9, 360, 362–7, 495, 497; first-past-the-post and small parties, 289; DC opposes proportional/preferential systems, 291–2; ‘No2AV’ campaign, 292–4. See also referendum on AV (2011)
Elizabeth II, Queen: DC ‘kisses hands’ (May 2010), 12; visits DC’s school, 21; at Chequers, 247; visit to Ireland (2011), 310; and US presidents, 340; ‘annus horribilis’, 370; celebrates sixty years on the throne, 370, 375; as longest-serving monarch, 370; PM’s weekly audience with, 371–2; at Balmoral, 372–4, 547–8, 551–2, 590–1; and horse-racing, 372; Olympic opening ceremony, 377–8; and Scottish independence referendum, 547–8, 553, 555–6; DC visits after 2015 victory, 579; DC visits after EU referendum, 684; DC and family visit at end of premiership, 694
Elliott, Matthew, 292
Emin, Tracey, 197
Empey, Reg, 308
employment policy: new jobs created under DC, xvi, 207, 468, 565, 696–7, 700; minimum wage, 53, 468, 565, 570, 585, 586; Work Programme, 207; zero-hours contracts, 559, 565; and low wages, 586; Working Time Directive, 647
Emwazi, Mohammed (‘Jihadi John’), 540, 598, 600
energy bills, domestic, 469–72
English Defence League (EDL), 424
Ennis, Jessica, 380
Environment Agency, 476
environmental policy: carbon emissions, 6, 214–15; and Tory modernisation, 90–2, 204, 578; ‘shoe chauffeur’ incident, 91; and DC’s policies in opposition, 96; DC’s policy towards, 214–15, 472, 621, 698; renewable schemes, 214–15; UK as global green-tech hub, 214–15; DC’s as greenest ever government, 214, 472, 495, 621; offshore wind farms, 214–15; subsidies for green technologies, 214; and Prince Charles, 374; and development goals, 483; UN Climate Change Conference (Paris, 2015), 621; UK as world renewables capital, 698. See also climate change
Erdoğan, Recep Tayyip, 155–6, 606
Ethiopia, famine in, 479, 481
ethnicity and race: and Witney Conservatives, 55; minorities at Westminster, 56, 64, 138, 156, 578, 696; and Tory modernisation, 92–3, 138, 156, 570–1, 578, 696; British Muslims, 98, 138, 606; and 2011 riots, 302; Tory focus at 2015 election, 570–1, 578
Eton College, 16, 22–4, 506–7
‘Europe: A Community not a Superstate’ (Lamont and DC pamphlet), 42
European army proposals, 647, 666, 702
European Central Bank (ECB), 323, 329–30, 332–3, 403, 410, 431–2
European Coal and Steel Community, 401
European Commission, 99, 325, 328, 330, 334, 402, 415, 631–2, 639, 641; process for appointing president, 514–16; Spitzenkandidat system, 514–16, 702; financial services portfolio, 518–19; and red tape, 630–1
European Conservatives and Reformists Group, 85
European Convention on Human Rights, 84
European Council: euro crisis meetings, 320, 325, 328–30, 333–9, 431; meetings of, 320, 327–8, 517–18; banking union proposal, 410; and appointment of Commission president, 514–15, 517–19; at Ypres (2014), 517–18; and Ukraine crisis, 526–7; and Ebola virus, 533; and migration crisis, 611, 613–14; and DC’s renegotiation, 627, 637, 642–5; DC’s final meeting, 688
European Court of Human Rights, xvii, 110, 280, 421, 508–9
European
Court of Justice, 428, 509, 629, 653, 660
European Parliament, 151, 514–16, 518–19, 629–30
European People’s Party (EPP), 84–5, 99, 149, 322, 473, 515–16, 519, 638
European Research Group (ERG), 236
European Union (EU, formerly EEC): Thatcher’s Bruges speech (1988), 35, 402; ERM as proxy in Tory war over, 41; concept of political union, 42, 401–3, 628–30; Tory ‘banging on about’, 65; and 2005 leadership election, 84–5; need for referendums on treaties, 84, 119, 322, 403; DC’s referendum pledge on Lisbon Treaty, 119–20, 404; Lisbon Treaty, 119–20, 320–2, 326, 332, 404, 514, 629–30; ‘European Constitutional Treaty’ (2004), 119, 322, 403–4, 700; DC’s ‘referendum lock’ policy, 120, 321, 324, 404–5; and Britain’s world influence, 145; and Labour foreign policy, 145; DC’s first European Council meeting, 148; budget cut (2013), 149–50, 339, 414–15; Turkish membership issue, 155–6, 668–9; and Libya crisis, 277–8; coalition policy on, 320–1; DC vetoes Eurozone treaty (2011), 320, 337–9, 401; ‘A8’ countries join (2004), 322, 412, 633; Romania and Bulgaria join (2007), 322; Social Chapter, 322, 324, 335, 338, 403; UK opt-outs, 322, 326, 403, 623, 632, 701; qualified majority voting, 325; UK exceptionalism, 326–7; Commons rebellion over (2011), 331–2; single market, 333, 402–3, 410, 413, 630–1, 634, 646, 660, 701; DC’s referendum pledge, 339–40, 398–400, 405–13, 513–14, 622, 700–1; sanctions against Iran, 344; origins and history, 401–2; Britain joins (1973), 401; British problem with greater integration, 401–3, 628–30; ‘ever-closer union’, 401, 629–30, 638, 640, 645, 647, 653, 701; Treaty of Rome (1957), 401, 629, 638, 645; free movement of people, 412–13, 513, 559–60, 619, 632–7, 640, 670; and Syrian conflict, 456–7; TTIP deal with USA, 488; and Ukraine crisis, 526–7, 531; and migration crisis, 611–14, 616–20; semi-detached membership not an option, 646–7; supremacy of UK law issue, 653–4, 657; referendum as inevitable, 702
Eurostar, 472
Eurozone: flawed framework of, 42, 322–3, 328–9, 609, 635; and Merkel, 100, 329–30, 332–6, 338–9, 342, 431; and British interests, 320, 324–7, 330, 333–40, 400–1, 405, 628, 631–2; DC’s view of, 322–3, 400–1, 405, 408, 628, 631, 635; credit and housing bubbles, 323–4; established (1 January 1999), 323; ‘Stability and Growth Pact’, 323–4; Blair’s policy on, 403; Britain’s opt-out, 403, 632, 701
Eurozone crisis, 1, 183, 192, 296, 309, 322, 431; interest rates during, 42, 323–4, 328–9; and Merkel, 100, 329–30, 332–6, 338–9, 342, 431; and British interests, 320, 324–7, 330, 333–40, 400–1, 405, 628, 631–2; DC’s policy on, 320, 329–30, 333–40, 400–1, 405; cause of, 323–4; bailouts, 325–7, 332–3, 405, 631–2; European Financial Stability Mechanism (EFSM), 325; European Stability Mechanism (ESM), 325; north–south divisions, 327–9; and rise of populism, 328, 330; and Obama, 333–4, 342–3; and UK immigration, 412–13, 609; ECB intervenes (2012), 431–2; and rise of UKIP, 560
Eustice, George, 86, 252
Exchange Rate Mechanism (ERM), 33, 35, 40–2, 44–5, 84, 323
expenses scandal, 115–19, 240, 253, 504, 509
Extremism Analysis Unit, 425
Extremism Task Force, 424–5
Eykyn, George, 305
F35 Joint Strike fighters, 175, 178
fake news, 266–7, 699; Russian mastery of, 525, 527
Falkland Islands, 153, 175
Fall, Kate, 13, 36, 121, 439, 501; and DC’s leadership campaign, 81; on DC’s Tory opponents, 237; and PMQ preparation, 242; and conference speech preparations, 396; and EU referendum, 679, 681
Fallon, Michael, 391, 509
families and marriage, 4, 64, 83, 92, 123; adoption policy, 61, 97, 209–10, 438; family breakdown, 64, 97, 209, 210–11, 585, 593; importance of marriage, 209, 439, 585; Marriage Allowance proposal, 209; Troubled Families programme, 210–11; Children and Families Act, 210; equal marriage, 342, 390, 438–44, 495, 560; childcare for working parents, 367; civil partnerships, 438–40, 442–3
Farage, Nigel, 511–13, 560, 569, 579, 659, 674, 678
Farah, Mo, 380–1
Farnborough Airshow, 687
Farr, Charles, 606
far-right extremism, 330, 424, 511, 690; Front National (France), 330, 514, 560; and 2014 European elections, 514; and migration crisis, 619
Farron, Tim, 672
Faulkner, John, 23
Faull, Jonathan, 646
Featherstone, Lynne, 440
Feldman, Andrew, 80, 81, 138, 679; and Tory finances, 30, 95–6, 121, 498
FIFA, 160–1
financial crash, 2, 111–15, 150, 152, 487, 702; and levels of debt in UK, xv, 111, 113–14; recession following, 1, 114; bank bail-outs, 111–12, 192; and monetary policy, 112–13, 182; DC’s response to, 112–15, 132, 182–3, 189–92; regulatory changes following, 152, 189–92
financial services, 181–2, 333–4, 336, 401, 631
Financial Stability Board, 437
Finkelstein, Daniel, xiii–xiv, 63, 242, 261, 389, 439
fintech, 214
First World War, 309–10, 370, 392, 459, 517–18, 687
fixed exchange rate systems, 41–2
Fletcher, Tom, 147, 148
Fletcher, PC Yvonne, 275
floods (2007), 105; (2014), 476–7
Foges, Clare, 396, 411, 416, 501, 559, 575
food banks, 470–1
foot-and-mouth disease, 105
foreign policy: under Blair, 54, 146; ‘special relationship’ with USA, 59–60, 100, 145–7, 340–2, 466; DC’s overseas trips as opposition leader, 98–101; and 2010 television debates, 129; amount of PM’s time devoted to, 141–2, 144; and coalition government, 141–2, 144–54; DC’s approach to, 144–54, 479–94; personal bonds with foreign leaders, 144, 147–51, 153–5; and building of democracy, 145–6, 268–70, 272–3, 285–6; Bush–Blair neo-conservative doctrine, 145–6; geopolitical power shift from west to east, 145, 397; Labour government successes, 145; ‘commercial diplomacy’, 146, 156, 158–9, 381, 431, 481; ‘Lancaster House Agreement’ with France, 148; Middle East Peace Process, 150, 155, 533–6; DC and China, 158–60, 493–4, 620; ‘international rules-based system’, 158, 520–8, 529; arms sales to autocratic states, 271; pragmatic judgements over democracy, 272–3; and Saudi Arabia, 272–3; excessive ideology as unhelpful, 273; Iran, 343–6, 526; cabinet divisions over Syria, 451–2; DC meets Putin at Sochi (2013), 454–5, 523; 2013 activities, 487–94; CHOGM in Sri Lanka (2013), 490–2; and Burma, 492; DC apologises for Amritsar massacre, 493; Eastern Partnership Conference (Lithuania, 2013), 521–2; towards Russia, 522–8, 530–1; ransoms to terrorists, 539, 542; strategy against ISIS, 540–5; and DC’s second term, 620; Xi Jinping visits UK (2015), 620. See also Libya; Syrian conflict; Taliban; Ukraine
Forth, Eric, 34, 63
Fox, Liam, 5, 93, 274, 280, 396, 509; and 2005 leadership election, 79, 82, 85; as defence secretary, 137, 173, 176
France: and free trade, 153; lowering of retirement age, 189; and Arab Spring, 270, 274–5, 279–81; and Eurozone crisis, 330, 333, 336, 338, 342; Front National, 330, 514, 560; and wealth tax, 351; Paris terror attacks (November 2015), 429, 601–2; and Syrian conflict, 449–51, 619; and Ukraine crisis, 526–7, 530–1; and Ebola virus, 532; Lyon terror attack (2015), 595; and migration crisis, 613. See also Hollande, François; Sarkozy, Nicolas
Francis Crick Institute, 189
Fraser, Andrew, 548
Free Schools, 127, 220, 604, 691
Free Syrian Army (FSA), 448, 451, 453, 600
free trade, 99, 149, 150, 152–4, 343, 488
Freedom of Information Act, 116
Freer, Mike, 364
fuel crisis (2012), 347, 354–6
Fukushima power plant, 278
funding of political parties, 94–6
Future Leaders programme, 124
G4S, 377
G7 (Group of Sev
en), 587
G8 (Group of Eight), 145, 149; in Muskoka (2010), 150–1, 155, 168; in Northern Ireland (2013), 285, 455–8, 487–90, 698; at Camp David (2012), 342–3; at Gleneagles (2005), 480; suspends Russia, 526
G20 (Group of Twenty), 145, 273, 330; in Toronto (2010), 149–53; in South Korea, 225–6; in St Petersburg (2013), 523–4; in Brisbane (2014), 528, 564
Gaddafi, Muammar, 271, 274–5; advance towards Benghazi, 275–80, 286; and no-fly zone, 276–7; refuses to leave Libya, 283; defeat and execution, 284–5
Gaddafi, Saif al-Islam, 278
Gallagher, Tony, 692
Gates, Bill, 484
Gauke, David, 436
GCHQ, 142, 298, 419, 427
Geddes, John, 518
Geldof, Bob, 479
gender: education of girls, 19; women at Westminster, 56, 64, 93, 578, 696; women in workforce, 92; pay gap, 93; women in DC’s shadow cabinet, 93; royal primogeniture rules ended, 382; and development goals, 483; female genital mutilation (FGM), 483–5, 605; forced marriage, 483, 605; family planning, 484–5; Global Summit to End Sexual Violence in Conflict, 485; DC’s female special advisers, 501–2; female ministers in 2015 government, 582–3
general election (2010): days following, 1–14; result, 1, 2, 132–3, 288–9; Tory planning for, 121–2, 125–6; Tory policies, 122–5, 127, 132; Tory campaign, 126–30, 132; DC hit by egg, 126; and Mirror’s chicken, 126; television debates, 127–9, 132; Tory manifesto, 127; DC’s tour of Britain, 129–30; election night, 130–1; in Wales, 313
general election (2015): non-white and female Tories elected, 94; in Wales, 314; long-term planning for, 495–504, 564; ‘Long Term Economic Plan’ (LTEP, 2014), 496–7, 499, 501, 503, 565, 569–70; ‘Team2015’ deployable force, 498; regional tour days, 499–501; regional strategy, 499–503; DC’s team, 505; Tory tax promises, 559; Tory poster campaigns, 562–3, 566; DC not confident of majority, 562, 576; and March 2015 Budget, 564–5; Tory campaign, 565–7, 569–74; Labour campaign, 565; Labour’s Scotland problem, 566–7; Messina’s voter targeting, 566; online campaigning, 566; DC’s ‘at home’ broadcast, 567; DC’s tour of the four nations, 568–9; opinion polls, 569–70; DC confuses West Ham with Aston Villa, 571–2; Tory campaign rethink, 572–3; DC’s planning for potential outcomes, 574–5; ‘the EdStone’, 574; exit poll, 576; results, 576–80
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