The Secret History of Food

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The Secret History of Food Page 25

by Matt Siegel


  A&W, 182

  Accum, Fredrick, 40, 187

  acid, 7, 171

  acne, 169

  acorns, 21

  Acyclovir, 80

  Adam and Eve, 134, 136

  adhesives, 66

  adolescents, 173, 175

  advertising, 38, 48

  Africa, 64n, 69

  agave, 86, 170n, 173

  Agent Orange, 105

  agriculture, 67, 140, 179

  development of, 7, 57–60

  honeybees and, 85–86

  predators and, 166–67

  winter feasts and, 124

  akutuq, 171

  Alaska, 171

  Albala, Ken, 124

  Albius, Edmond, 95

  alcohol, 4, 39, 170

  agriculture and, 59

  health reformers and, 45

  Prohibition and, 101–2, 122

  tolerance for, 8

  winter feasts and, 123–24

  aldehyde receptors, 6

  ale, 6, 24

  alfalfa, 85–86

  almonds, 7, 85–86

  smoked, 175

  sugared, 135

  American College of Cardiology, 183

  American colonies, 20–34, 63, 78n, 178

  American Egg Board, 183

  American Heart Association, 183

  American Revolution, 16, 31–32, 174

  American South, 69, 71

  amino acids, 68–69

  amniotic fluid, 4

  anchovies, 51

  androstenone, 6

  Anheuser-Busch, 101

  anhydrous ammonia, 63

  animal breeding, 57

  animal feed, 64, 66–67, 140, 181n

  animal repellents, 166–68

  animals

  domestication of, 13

  migrations of, 59

  slaughter, 123, 127, 140

  stuffed with animals, 132

  Antarctica, 169, 182

  antibiotics, 88, 170–71

  ant juice, 51

  ants, 21, 173

  aphrodisiacs, 51, 85n

  Appert, Nicolas, 105

  apple cider, 26–27, 78n, 174

  apple juice, steamed, 147

  apple pie, 18–20, 26–27, 30–33, 193

  mock, 102

  apples, 20, 25–33, 65, 85, 151n

  presliced, 140

  applesauce, 20

  apple trees, 25

  apricots, 86

  apulmose, 20

  arbutus, 31

  Arctic regions, 171

  Aristotle, 79

  arsenic, 192

  Art de conserver, L’ (Appert), 105

  artichokes, 51

  Asia, 13, 60

  aspartame, 152

  aspirin, 66

  Assyria, ancient, 106

  astronauts, 174

  Athens, ancient, 51, 106

  Atlantic, 32n, 141

  Audubon, John James, 23

  Australia, 6, 173

  Austria, 180

  avocadoes, 85, 94n

  AXE body spray, 173

  Aztecs, 68, 169–70, 172–73

  baby food, 64. See also infants

  Babylon, ancient, 74, 82

  Bacchanalia, 125

  Bacchus, 125

  back-of-the-box activities, 37

  bacon, 103, 121, 135

  meatless, 150

  Bacon, Francis, 99

  bacon grease, 103–4

  bacteria, 9, 80–81, 166, 170

  bakeries, 149

  bakers, 39–40

  baking mixes, 64–65

  baking powder, 65

  bald eagle, 32–33

  baldness, 178

  Bambi (film), 176

  bamboo shoots, 51

  bananas, 77

  banana splits, 28

  barbel, 51

  barley, 24, 59

  barley-cake, 53

  basil, 51

  bass, 22

  bats, 21, 81n

  batteries, 66

  Battle Creek Sanitarium, 44–49, 178

  bawn (lemon balm), 24n

  BBC, 182

  beans, 28, 62–63, 68

  bear meat, 23–24

  bear oil and fat, 24, 27, 33, 164

  Beauchamp, Gary K., 166

  Beecher, Henry Ward, 33

  beef

  corn and, 65, 66, 68

  fecal bacteria and, 96

  salted, 128

  beehives, 79, 86

  as weapon, 83, 84n, 103, 105

  beekeeping, 84–87, 89

  bee pollen, 80

  beer, 65, 77, 89, 81, 101, 135, 137, 174

  craft, 148

  doctored, 40

  beermaking, 59

  bees, 85–86, 94

  bee stings, 82–83, 165

  beeswax, 85

  Beethoven, Ludwig van, 98

  beets, 10

  Belgium, 106–7

  benign masochism, 175

  berries, 21

  Bible, 41, 79, 84

  biofuels, 66–67

  bird nests, 178

  birds, 21–24, 123

  seed dispersal and, 164–65

  stuffed, 122

  urban, 61n

  birdseed, chili-flavored, 167

  biscuits, canned, 174

  bitter foods, 6–7, 170

  black pepper, 130–31, 164

  blood, 18, 28, 46n, 70–71, 77, 81n, 123, 125, 132, 178, 181, 190, 191

  Bloom, Paul, 149, 175

  Blount, Thomas, 75

  Blubberland (Farrelly), 161

  blueberries, 86

  blueberry muffins, 28n

  blue cheese, 4

  boar’s head, 129, 133

  body fat, 6

  body weight, 5–6

  Boke of Chyldren, 5

  bombs, 83, 103

  bonfires, 124

  Booth, Sally Smith, 20–21

  Boston, 39

  Boston Brown Flakes, 48

  Boston Tea Party, 16–17, 24, 33

  botulinum toxin, 115

  botulism, 81–82

  Bourdain, Anthony, 171, 188

  Braddon, Russell, 119

  brain size, cooking and, 11–13

  Brazilian Amazon, 173

  bread, 41, 133

  carb-free, 150

  corn-based sweeteners and, 64

  medieval, 128–29

  sex toys and, 51–52

  breakfast, 28–29, 36–38, 52–53, 140. See also cereals

  Bream, 130

  “breastaurants,” 145

  breastfeeding, 7–8

  breast milk, 4–5, 119, 151n

  Brillat-Savarin, Jean Anthelme, 2–4, 52, 166n, 179n

  Britain (England, United Kingdom), 6, 14, 18, 27, 181, 190. See also Britain

  American diet vs., 23, 24

  apples and, 26

  beehives as weapons in, 83

  breakfast and, 28

  forks and, 18n

  honey and, 82

  pie and, 20, 28, 30

  tart and, 31

  war and, 103

  WW I and, 107

  WW II and, 113

  broccoli, 7

  Bronx Zoo, 114

  Bronze Age, 82

  brothels, 136

  Brown, Chip, 173

  brussels sprouts, 6

  Bryant, Vaughn, 87, 88

  Bubwith, Nicholas, bishop of Bath and Wells, 130

  Buddha, 84

  bullet ants, 173

  Bunker Hill, Battle of, 17

  Burger King, 143–46, 151

  burgoo, 24n

  Burnham, Terry, 172, 176

  burns, 80

  Burt, Harry, 111

  butchers, 39, 41, 149

  butter, 24, 135

  fried on a stick, 151

  Butter, Cheese & Egg Journal, 108

  butterscotch, 147

  cabbage, 51, 86, 92

  cabernet, 141

  Cadle, Scott, 183

  caffeine, 39

  c
ake, 135

  calcium, 190, 191

  California, 63, 85–86, 89

  calves’ brains, 51

  calves’ foot pie, 19

  calves’ head pie, 19

  camel bone, 51

  Campbell’s, 152

  cancer, 45, 84, 187

  candlemaking, 85

  candy, 64

  canned food, 105, 190

  cannibalism, 14, 70

  canola oil, 187

  caper berries, 51

  Cap’n Crunch, 50

  Berrytastic Pancake Mix, 50

  Cotton Candy Crunch, 50

  Ocean Blue Artificially Maple Flavored Syrup, 50

  Oops! All Berries, 50

  capon, 51, 129, 130

  cappuccino, 148, 175

  capsaicin, 164–72

  capsaicinoids, 164n

  caramel, 65, 147

  caraway, 51

  carbohydrates, 3, 37–38

  carbonic acid, 170

  cardiovascular disease, 17

  Carlton, Robert (Baynard Rush Hall), 73

  Carnival, 133–34, 137

  Carolina colonies, 22–23

  Carolina Reaper, 169

  carrot juice, 4

  carrots, 4, 10, 11n, 86, 113

  car wiring, 167

  Casal, Gaspar, 70

  Casal’s necklace, 70

  cashews, jalapeño, 175

  cassava, 9

  castoreum, 96

  Castrol, Fidel, 114–15

  catfish, 185

  cats, 21

  cattle, 151n

  cat womb, 81n

  caviar, 51

  celery, 86

  cellulose, 65

  Celtic tradition, 126

  Centers for Disease Control (CDC), 158, 186

  Central America, 170

  Central Asia, 18

  Central Intelligence Agency (CIA), 87, 115, 167n

  cereal, 36–53, 64

  fortified, 157, 191–92

  Cerealine, 48

  Cervantes Saavedra, Miguel de, 73

  chalk, 66

  chameleon, milk of, 51

  champagne, 170

  Chandler, Adam, 141

  Chapman, John “Appleseed,” 25

  charcoal briquettes, 66

  chardonnay, 141

  Chateaubriand steaks, 117

  cheerleader effect, 37n

  cheese, 3, 8, 24, 65, 101n, 115, 128

  cheeseburger, 65–66

  chemical weapons, 106

  cherries, 85, 135, 140

  chewing, 9–10, 12–13, 171n, 176

  chewing gum, 64, 110

  chicken

  sewn onto pig, 132–33, 164

  and donut sandwiches, 151

  chicken breasts, 140, 190

  chicken nuggets, 150

  Child, Julia, 167n

  Child, Paul, 167n

  childbirth, 172

  child labor, 32

  children. See also infants

  Aztecs and, 170

  cereal and, 36n, 38, 192

  movies for, 176

  potatoes and, 180

  weaning, 12

  Chilean sea bass (Patagonian toothfish), 181

  chili peppers, 14, 103, 164–76

  chimpanzees, 10

  China, ancient, 74, 98

  Chinese food, 65

  Chinese honey, 87–88

  Chipotle, 146

  chloramphenicol, 88

  chocolate, 25, 39, 45, 110, 118

  bars, unmeltable, 174

  dark, 7, 147, 170

  Chocolate, Strawberry, and Vanilla (Funderburg), 99

  chocolate cookie crumble, 147

  chocolate-flavored honey, 86

  chocolate ice cream, 109

  Chocolate Peanut Butter Corn Pops, 49

  “Choice, Happiness and Spaghetti Sauce” (Gladwell), 152

  choice, paradox of, 155

  cholesterol, 36–37, 183–84, 186

  chopsticks, 13

  Christians, 52

  feasts and, 122–28, 133

  honey and, 74, 84–85

  Christmas, 122, 126–27, 133–34

  Christmas in Ritual and Tradition Christian and Pagan (Miles), 127

  cigarettes, 4

  cignes revestuz (redressed swans), 132

  cilantro (coriander), 6

  cinnamon, 39n, 130–31, 135, 173, 178

  Cinnamon Toast Crunch, 50

  circumcision, 46

  citric acid, 65–66

  Civil War, 106

  climate change, 61n

  Clinton, Bill, 185

  cloud powder, 147

  cloves, 135

  Cobbett, William, 121

  Coca-Cola, 67–68, 160

  cock, 132

  Cockaigne, Land of, 134–36, 140, 144, 147, 161

  cockles, 23

  cocks-combs, 18

  cocktail sauce, 174

  Cocoa Krispies, 49

  Cocoa Puffs, 50

  coconut shells, 103

  cod, 181

  Atlantic, 61n

  blue (oilfish), 182

  codling, 130

  coffee, 6, 7, 25, 27, 40, 157, 165, 170

  instant, 174

  coffee-cake, 31

  coffeehouses, 27

  cokagrys, 132

  cold climates, 171

  cold foam, 147

  colitis, 43

  Collier’s, 48n

  Colombia, 32

  colon size, 11

  Colorado, 63

  comfort foods, 122–23, 125

  coming-of-age rituals, 173

  Commission for Relief in Belgium, 107

  communion wafers, 125

  Concord, Battle of, 17

  condiments, 39, 64

  Coney Island, 111–12

  Confederate soldiers, 106

  conspicuous consumption, 149

  Consumer Reports, 190

  Cookie Crisp, 50

  cooking, 8–13

  Coppelia ice cream parlor, 114–15

  copper, 180

  coqz heaumex (helmeted cocks), 132

  coriander, 86–87

  cork, 66

  corn, 7, 9, 21, 25, 55–57, 60–72, 86, 151n, 164, 181n

  baby, 60n

  corn-based products, 64–66

  Cornell University, 141, 170

  corn flakes, 47–50, 53, 56

  corn flour, 64–65, 65, 181n

  cornmeal, 71

  Corn Pops, 49

  cornstarch, 64–66, 181n

  corn syrup, 65, 68, 86, 88, 97, 181n

  high-fructose, 64

  Coryat, Thomas, 18

  cosmetics, 66

  Cotoni-Coast Dairies National Monument, 115

  Count Chocula, 50

  cow dung, 96

  cows, grass-fed, 66

  crabapple jelly, 51

  crabapples, 26

  crabs, 21–22, 130

  Cranach, Lucas, the Elder, Venus with Cupid the Honey thief, 82–83

  cranberries, 86

  cranberry muffins, 28n

  crane, 129

  crayons, 66

  creamer, nondairy, 150

  crocodile tail, 51

  Cuba, 114–15

  cucumbers, 86

  cumin, 4

  Cupid, 82–83, 89

  curlew, 129

  curry, 4

  custard, 135

  cutlery, disposable, 140

  cyanide poisoning, 9

  cygnet, 129

  dairy products, 64, 115, 184, 185

  dandelion, 132

  Dannon yogurt, 191

  Darwin, Charles, 10, 12

  date honey, 84

  dates, preserved, 51

  deadly nightshade, 179

  deer, 21

  deer entrails, 130

  deer sperm, 51

  defructum, 78

  Devil, 19n, 50, 127, 180

  dextrin, 65

  dextrose, 65–66

  diabetes, 6, 17n

  dib
s syrup, 77

  diet

  balanced, 68–69

  bland, 52–53

  cautions on, 38–39

  cooking and, 8–11

  hunting and gathering vs. agriculture and, 55–59

  Dietary Guidelines, 183–85

  Diet Pepsi, 152

  dill, 51

  dimethylpolysiloxane, 143

  Dionysia, 125

  Dionysus, 125

  directed deterrence, 164–65

  disease, 5, 57, 186

  disinfectants, 66

  Disney, Walt, 103

  dog repellant, 168

  dogs, 21

  domestication of, 61

  dog vulva, 81

  Doritos Locos Taco, 151

  Double Down, 151

  doughnuts (donuts), 135, 140

  doves’ brains, 51

  Draeger’s Grocery, 155

  dragon fruit, 147

  Drexel University, 76

  Dreyer, William, 102

  drive-through fast food, 140–42

  Dr. Price’s Corn Flakes, 48

  ducks, 20

  Durdle, Annalisa, 77

  Dutch, 92, 134

  dyschefull of snowe, 131

  eagle, 129

  Easterbrook, Gregg, 140–41

  Easter egg, 132

  E. coli, 183

  Ecuador, 32

  eczema, 172

  Eden, 134

  Edward I, King of England, 190

  Edy, Joseph, 102

  eel pie, 18–19

  eels, 21, 130

  eel soup, 51

  Egan, Sophie, 151

  egg allergies, 65

  eggnog latte, 148

  eggs, 36–37, 64, 131–33, 135, 168, 183–85

  egg sandwiches, 185

  egg whites, 131

  egg yolks, 51, 132

  egret, 129

  Egypt, ancient, 76, 80–82, 147

  Eighteenth Amendment, 101

  elephants, 167

  Ellis Island, 112–13

  Elvehjem, Conrad, 71

  Emerson, Ralph Waldo, 29, 33

  Energy Independence and Security Act (2007), 66–67

  England. See Britain

  English Medieval Feast, The (Mead), 131

  English muffins, 28n

  Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), 148n

  Environmental Working Group, 191–92

  Epicurus, 52–53, 57–58, 122, 154

  epigenetic inheritance, 5

  Epperson, Frank W., 111

  Equal, 147

  erectile dysfunction, 84

  ergot, 78n, 84n

  erythritol, 77

  escolar, 188

  Eskimo ice cream, 171

  Eskimo Pie, 111

  ethanol, 66–67

  eucalyptus leaves, 8

  Europe

  apples and, 26

  corn and, 69

  potatoes and, 25, 180

  wheat and, 60

  fad diets, 38

  Fahrenthold, David A., 182

  Famous Corn Flakes, 48

  Farrelly, Elizabeth, 147, 154, 161

  fast-casual restaurants, 146

  fast food, 141–46, 151

  fasting, 169

  fatback, 71

  fats, 103–4

  Fat Salvage Committee, 103

  fatty foods, 171, 183

  feasts, 122–37, 145

 

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