277 “Dear Tarleton . . . intentions perfectly.” Ibid.
277 “Here we cannot . . . the Enemy.” Daniel Morgan to Nathanael Greene, letter, January 4, 1781, Papers of Nathanael Greene.
277 “harass their rear . . . this way.” Greene to Morgan, letter, January 8, 1781, in James Graham, The Life of General Daniel Morgan of the Virginia Line of the Army of the United States (New York: Derby & Jackson, 1856), 273.
278 “Col. Tarleton is . . . proper dismission [sic].” Greene to Morgan, letter, January 13, 1781, ibid., 275.
Chapter 32: Hunting the Hunter
279 Information about Morgan’s sword from pension application of William Neal, NARA.
279 “of which only . . . one lash.” Lee, Revolutionary War Memoirs, 393–94; Henry Lee, The American Revolution in the South, Robert E. Lee, ed. (New York: Arno Press, 1969), 580.
280 “Here is Morgan’s grave or victory.” Pension application of Dennis Tramell, December, 10 1833, NARA, Fold3.
280 “As to retreat . . . lives dearly.” Johnson, Sketches, 1:576; Lee, Revolutionary War Memoirs, 226.
281 “The [militia] were . . . his progress.” Lee, Revolutionary War Memoirs, 226 and 222.
281 “Two of my Cosins . . . shattered Constitution.” Pension application of Henry Wells, January 29, 1834, NARA, Fold3.
281 “I knew my . . . downright fighting.” Don Higginbotham, Daniel Morgan: Revolutionary Rifleman (Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 1979), 245.
282 “No burning, no . . . the country.” Johnson, Sketches, 382.
282–83 “I shall never . . . gallant conduct.” Thomas Young, “Memoirs of Major Thomas Young,” Orion 3 (October and November 1843):85.
283 “sle[ep] a wink that night.” Ibid.
283 “Boys, get up, Benny’s Coming!” Joseph McJunkin, “Memoirs of Major Joseph McJunkin, Revolutionary Patriot,” James Hoge Saye, ed. Richmond Watchman and Observer (1847): 38.
Chapter 33: Cowpens
284 “The enemy . . . of time.” Collins, Autobiography.
284 Additional detail about the battle from Young, “Memoirs,” 100.
284 “Aim for the men with the epaulets.” Ward, Delaware Continentals, 374.
285 “fleetest race horses . . . the men.” Pension application of Lawrence Everhart, NARA.
285 “information of the approach of the Enemy.” Ibid.
285 “Do you expect . . . Tarleton, sir.” Ibid.
285 “They are . . . by God!” Young, “Memoirs,” 100.
287 “[Morgan] galloped along . . . their eyes.” Ibid.
287 “with great firmness.” Ibid.
287 “The British line . . . ever saw.” Ibid.
287 “When they came . . . let fly.” Lawrence E. Babits, A Devil of a Whipping: The Battle of Cowpens (Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 1998), 90. This outstanding book is highly recommended for additional reading on the battle.
287 “[He] fixed his . . . officer fall.” McJunkin, “Memoirs,” 33.
287 “POP! POP! POP!” Young, “Memoirs,” 100.
287 “the effect of . . . a recoil.” Lee Revolutionary War Memoirs, 257.
287 “Two-thirds of . . . of privates.” MacKenzie, Strictures on Lt. Col. Tarleton’s History, 98.
287 “rent the air . . . their advance.” Ibid., 97–98.
287 “The British approached . . . much slaughter.” Daniel Morgan to Nathanael Greene, letter, January 19, 1781, Papers of Nathanael Greene, 7:152–55.
288 “seven wounds on . . . brains.” Incapacitated for nearly thirty days, Whelchel would survive the war. Pension application of James Kelly, NARA; pension application of John Whelchel, NARA; pension application of Joshua Palmer, NARA.
288 “Prime and load! . . . “Fire!” Babits, A Devil of a Whipping, 104.
288 Casualty information from Delaware muster rolls as calculated by Babits.
288 “with great bravery . . . and bloody.” Seymour, Journal of the Southern Expedition, 15; Stedman, The History of the Origin, Progress, and Termination of the American War, 321–22; MacKenzie, Strictures on Lt. Col. Tarleton’s History, 98.
289 “[I] saw [Morgan] . . . of Cowpens.” Pension application of Andrew Rock, NARA.
289 “thought the advance . . . this maneuver.” Tarleton, A History of the Southern Campaign, 217.
289 “I had about . . . my flank.” John Eager Howard to John Marshall, letter, 1804, Bayard Papers, MHS; Wyatt, Memoirs.
289 “soon removed [Morgan’s] . . . that order.” “John Eager Howard,” in The National Portrait Gallery of Distinguished Americans with Biographical Sketches by Celebrated Authors (Philadelphia: Rice, Rutter & Co., 1865).
289 “Thinking that We . . . no order.” Anderson, Personal Recollections, 209.
289 “Battalion! Halt! To the Right About,—Face!” Babits, A Devil of a Whipping, 116; Friedrich Wilhelm Ludolf Gerhard Augustin Baron von Steuben, Regulations for the Order and Discipline of the Troops of the United States (Albany, NY: Daniel & Samuel Whiting, 1803), 46.
289 “perfectly formed.” John Eager Howard to John Marshall, 1804, Bayard Papers, MHS; Wyatt, Memoirs.
289–90 “The enemy pressed . . . deadly fire.” Papers of General Nathanael Greene, 7:159.
290 “They are coming . . . charge them.” Johnson, Sketches, 1:381.
290 “Form, form, my . . . never beaten.” Collins, Autobiography, 57; Johnson, Sketches, 1:380.
290 “powerful and trumpet-like . . . every arm.” Pension application of Henry Wells, January 29, 1834, NARA.
290 “We then advanced . . . right flank.” Collins, Autobiography, 57.
290 “close and murderous.” Anderson, Personal Recollections, 209.
290 “Nearly half of the Redcoats.” Lee, Revolutionary War Memoirs, 257; Hugh McCall, The History of Georgia, 2 vols. (Savannah: Seymour and Williams, 1811), 507–8.
290 “threw down their . . . their faces.” John R. Shaw, A Narrative of the Life and Travels of John Robert Shaw (Lexington, KY: Daniel Bradford, 1807), 54–55.
290 “The order was obeyed with great alacrity.” Anderson, Personal Recollections, 209.
290 “in amongst them . . . infantry prisoners.” Ibid.
290 “Officers and men . . . or fear.” Seymour, Journal of the Southern Expedition, 15.
290 “received three severe . . . by bayonet.” Pension application of John Bantham, April 2, 1818, NARA, M804.
290 “in the thigh . . . through it.” Pension application of Cudbeth Stone, NARA.
291 “seeing the fortune . . . had changed.” Gordon, History, 4:34–35; Stedman, History, 322–23.
291 “in a panic . . . rout ensued.” Tarleton, A History of the Campaigns, 217.
291 “about to put . . . the gun.” Anonymous, “The Account of Richard Anderson,” Niles Weekly Register, 32 (May 19, 1827):200.
291 “I saw some . . . his match.” Wyatt, Memoirs, 74
291 “[Till all] were either killed or wounded.” Tarleton, A History of the Campaigns, 217.
291 “received a severe . . . left arm.” Pension application of Andrew Rock, NARA.
291–92 “with his Sword . . . my Sholder.” Pension application of Henry Wells, NARA.
292 “Tarleton’s quarters.” Young, “Memoirs,” 101.
292 “Surrender! Lay down your arms!” Wyatt, Memoirs, 74; John Eager Howard to John Marshall, letter, 1804, Bayard Papers, MHS.
292 “Upon getting on . . . was about.” Wyatt, Memoirs, 74.
292 “they had orders . . . him ill.” Ibid.
292 “[They] broke, and . . . of running.” Young, “Memoirs,” 101.
292 “forsake their leader and left the field of battle.” Tarleton, A History of the Campaigns, 217–18.
292 “Buford’s Play!” Quoting Lawrence Eve
rhart, who was then Tarleton’s prisoner, pension application of Lawrence Everhart, NARA.
293 “Some officers went . . . the flight.” George Hanger, An Address to the Army (London: James Ridgway, 1789), 109–10.
293 “Fourteen officers and . . . brave men.” Tarleton, A History of the Campaigns, 218.
293 “perhaps 30 yards.” John Eager Howard to John Marshall, letter, 1804, Bayard Papers, MHS; Wyatt, Memoirs.
293 “saw the American . . . at him.” Wyatt, Memoirs.
293 “Tarleton made a . . . he parried.” Ibid.
293 “The officer of . . . disabled him.” Ibid.; Johnson, Sketches, 382–83.
293 “The noble animal . . . its rider.” Wyatt, Memoirs.
293–94 “[Everhart] pointed out . . . the Surgeons.” Pension application of Lawrence Everhart, NARA.
294 “should have escaped . . . unfortunate carcass.” Murtie June Clark, Loyalists in the Southern Campaign of the Revolutionary War (Baltimore: Genealogical Publishing, 1981), 245; Ward, Delaware Continentals, 536–38.
294 “My love for . . . love Dougherty.” Ward, Delaware Continentals, 538.
294 “[I] resolved upon . . . contained gold.” Young, “Memoirs,” 101.
294–95 “[I] put spurs . . . horse’s neck.” Ibid., 101–2.
295 “[We were] instrumental . . . day’s Work.” Seymour, Journal of the Southern Expedition,15; Anderson, Personal Recollections, 209.
295 “You have done . . . shooting me.” Cary Howard, “John Eager Howard,” Maryland Historical Magazine 62 (September 1967):303.
295 “Our poor fellows . . . of clothes.” Samuel Shaw, “Revolutionary War Letters to Captain Winthrop Sargent,” Pennsylvania Magazine (1946):321.
295 Information on Amercian casualties from John Eager Howard to John Marshall, letter, 1804, Bayard Papers, MHS; and Wyatt, Memoirs. The American losses may have not included the militia and therefore were likely higher.
295 Information on British casualties from Daniel Morgan to Nathanael Greene, January 19, 1781, Papers of Nathanael Greene, 7:152; Seymour, Journal of the Southern Expedition, also gives similar figures.
296 “I was left . . . two waiters.” Pindell, “Militant Surgeon.”
Chapter 34: “To Follow Greene’s Army
to the End of the World”
297 Scene between Tarleton and Cornwallis from Tarleton, A History of the Campaigns, 220; Franklin and Mary Wickwire, Cornwallis (Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 1970), 268–69.
298 “You have forfeited . . . the 17th.” Tarleton, A History of the Campaigns, 222.
299 “teeth as white . . . past age.” Buchanan, Road to Guilford Courthouse, 336.
299 “Lord Cornwallis sett . . . a murmur.” Charles O’Hara, “Letters of Charles O’Hara to the Duke of Grafton,” George C. Rogers Jr., ed., South Carolina Historical Magazine 65, no. 3 (July 1964):174.
299 “Without Baggage, necessaries . . . the world.” Ibid.
299 “one pair of spare soles.” Cornwallis to Germaine, letter, March 17, 1781, Cornwallis Papers, UK Public Record Office (PRO); and The Cornwallis Papers: The Campaigns of 1780 and 1781 in the Southern Theatre of the American Revolutionary War (South Carolina Naval & Military Press, 2010).
300 “The sources of the most infamous plundering.” A. R. Newsome, “British Orderly Book,” North Carolina Historical Review 9 (1932):291–92 and 378.
300 “I am not . . . the Country.” Nathanael Greene to Isaac Huger, letter, January 29, 1781, Papers of Nathanael Greene, 7:220–22.
300 “Cornwallis will push on.” Daniel Morgan to Nathanael Greene, ibid., 7:178, 200–201.
300 “filling up all . . . obstruction imaginable.” Ibid.
301 “a very Heavy . . . for Desertion.” Papers of Captain William Beatty, MHS.
301 “drunk all your . . . than ever.” Otho Holland Williams to Daniel Morgan, letter, January 25, 1781, in James Graham, Life of General Daniel Morgan (New York: Darby and Jackson, 1856), 323.
301 “Feu de Joy.” Beatty describes the men firing their muskets in a line of succession to celebrate the victory at Cowpens.
Chapter 35: “Saw ’Em Hollerin’ and
a Snortin’ and a Drownin’”
302 “that tho’ Genl. . . . on it.” Archibald D. Murphey, The Papers of Archibald D. Murphey, William Henry Hoyt, ed. (Raleigh, NC: E. M. Uzzell & Co., 1914 )2:257.
303 “We went up . . . more whisky.” Robert Henry, Narrative of the Battle of Cowan’s Ford, February 1st, 1781 (Reece & Elam, 1891).
303 “The British! The British!” Ibid.
303 “Lord Cornwallis, according . . . after them.” Roger Lamb, British Soldier’s Story: Roger Lamb’s Narrative of the American Revolution, Don N. Hagist, ed. (Baraboo, WI: Ballindalloch Press, 2004).
303 “Fire away, boys! Help is at hand!” Ibid.
303 “[I] fired and . . . return fire.” Henry, Narrative.
304 “rolled with him . . . forty yards.” Lamb, British Soldier’s Story.
304 “There wasn’t many . . . off bank.” Henry, Narrative.
304 “It’s time to run, Bob!” Ibid.
304 “not less than . . . his home.” Ibid.
304–5 “In February, the . . . and Morgan.” Watkins, “An Interesting Personal Record.”
305 “We marched all . . . come up.” Seymour, Journal of the Southern Expedition, 396.
305 “[We were] in . . . them barefoot.” Ibid.
305 “every step being . . . the way.” Thomas Anderson, Journal of Lieutenant Anderson of the Delaware Regiment, 1780–1782 (Morrisiana, NY: Henry B. Dawson, 1867), 209.
305–6 “More than one-half . . . their waists.” Nathanael Greene to Abner Nash, letter, January 7, 1781, and Greene to Thomas Sumter, January 15, 1781, Greene Letterbook, New York Public Library, 37–46 and 74–75.
306 “rheumatic from head to toe.” Higginbotham, Daniel Morgan, 152.
306 “violently attacked with the piles [hemorrhoids].” Papers of Nathanael Greene, 7.
307 “His pen never . . . immediately resumed.” John S. Pancake, This Destructive War: The British Campaign in the Carolinas, 1780–1782 (Tuscaloosa: University of Alabama Press, 1985), 165.
307 “from Cornwallises pushing . . . capital misfortune.” Nathanael Greene to Isaac Huger, letter, February 5, 1781, Papers of Nathanael Greene, 7:251.
Chapter 36: The Race to the Dan
308 “If I should . . . must fall.” Nathanael Greene to Thomas Sumter, February 9, 1781, Papers of Nathanael Greene, 7: 152–89.
308 “avoid a general action at all Events.” Papers of Nathanael Greene, 13:297.
308 “Great god what . . . more men?” Daniel Morgan to Thomas Jefferson, letter, February 1, 1781, Julian P. Boyd, ed., The Papers of Thomas Jefferson, 41 vols. (Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 1950), 4:495–96.
309 “Great generals are . . . be found.” Nathanael Greene to Daniel Morgan, August 26, 1781, in Graham, Life of General Daniel Morgan, 395.
309 Details on reinforcements from Orderly Book, Otho Holland Williams Papers, MHS.
310 Distance traveled from Charles Royster, A Revolutionary People at War: the Continental Army and the American Character, 1775–1783 (Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 1996), 241.
310 “We marched from . . . light troops.” Seymour, Journal of the Southern Expedition, 297.
310 “Accident informed me . . . a Bridge.” Otho Williams to Nathanael Greene, letter, February 11, 1781, Papers of Nathanael Greene, 7:283.
310 “The enemy was . . . to escape.” Lee, Revolutionary War Memoirs, 241.
311 “note on paper . . . his friends.” Ibid., 242.
311 “had not slept four hours.” George W. Greene, Life of Nathanael Greene, Major-General in the Army of the Revolution (Boston: Charles C. Little and James Brown,
1845), 151.
311 “North Carolina militia . . . more critical.” Papers of Nathanael Greene, 7:285.
311 “My Dr General . . . of that?” Ibid.
311–12 “More than once . . . Irwin’s Ferry.” Lee, Revolutionary War Memoirs, 243–44.
312 “deep and broken . . . with alacrity.” Ibid., 248.
312 “The greater part . . . is clear.” Papers of Nathanael Greene, 7:287
312 “became renovated in . . . the body.” Lee, Revolutionary War Memoirs, 249.
312 “Every measure of . . . vigorously executed.” Tarleton, A History of the Campaigns, 229.
312 “Notwithstanding the Enemies . . . of [territory].” Papers of Captain William Beatty, MHS PAM 10,699.
Chapter 37: Guilford Courthouse—
“A complicated Scene of Horror and Distress”
313 “in a great rage for battle.” Pension application for David Williams, August 23, 1832, NARA.
313 “My brave boys . . . before night.” Ibid.
313 “scarlet uniforms, burnished . . . the breeze.” Eli W. Caruthers, Revolutionary Incidents and Sketches in Character Chiefly in the Old North State, Ruth F. Thompson, ed. (Greensboro, NC: Guilford County Geological Society, 1994), 134.
313–14 “You hear damnation . . . two fires.” Ibid.
314 “We marched yesterday . . . strong enough.” Buchanan, Road to Guilford Courthouse, 369.
314 “If [the militia] . . . our hopes.” Daniel Morgan to Nathanael Greene, letter, February 20, 1781, Papers of General Nathanael Greene, 7:324.
314 “Put the rifleman . . . who runs.” Ibid.
316–17 “killed by the . . . the body.” Caruthers, Revolutionary Incidents, 142.
317 “[We were] in . . . nicest precision.” Roger Lamb, An Original and Authentic Journal of Occurrences during the Late American War (Dublin: Wilkinson and Courtney, 1809), 361.
317 “armor which was . . . momentary disorder.” Caruthers, Revolutionary Incidents, 142.
317 “most galling and . . . the spot.” Schenck, North Carolina, 349–52.
317 “After they delivered . . . his cradle.” Caruthers, Revolutionary Incidents, 134.
317 “At this awful . . . anxious suspense.” Lamb, Original and Authentic Journal, 361.
Washington's Immortals Page 46