101Conor Dougherty, “Sun Belt Loses Its Shine,” Wall Street Journal, March 24, 2010.
102Theda Skocpol and Vanessa Williamson, The Tea Party and the Remaking of Republican Conservatism, New York: Oxford University Press, 2013, 30.
103Priscila Diaz, Delia Saenz, and Virginia Kwan, “Economic Dynamics and Changes in Attitudes toward Undocumented Mexican Immigrants in Arizona,” Analyses of Social Issues and Public Policy 11(1), 2011, 300–313.
104Paul Frymer, Building an American Empire: The Era of Territorial and Political Expansion, Princeton: Princeton University Press, 2017, 204.
105Elizabeth Tandy Shermer, Sunbelt Capitalism: Phoenix and the Transformation of American Politics, Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, 2013, 7–8.
106Shermer, Sunbelt Capitalism, 7–8, 239.
107Ibid., 303–8.
108Shermer, Sunbelt Capitalism, 336.
109Nathan Thornburgh, “The Politics of Arizona’s Great Divide,” Time, February 7, 2011.
110Skocpol and Williams, The Tea Party and the Remaking of Republican Conservatism, 24.
111“SB 1070 Foes Blast Pearce E-mails,” Arizona Republic, July 20, 2012.
112Dustin Gardiner, “Birthright Citizenship Past Target in Arizona,” Arizona Republic, November 1, 2016.
113Robert Farley, “Gov. Jan Brewer Talks of Beheadings in the Arizona Desert,” politifact.com, September 8, 2010.
114Deborah Weissman, “The Politics of Narrative: Law and the Representation of Mexican Criminality,” Fordham International Law Journal 38(141), 2015, 183.
115Randal Archibold, “Ranchers Alarmed by Killing near Border,” New York Times, April 4, 2010.
116Nigel Duara, “Death on the Border: Arizona Used Rancher’s Killing to Justify Harsh Immigration Laws, but the Truth of the Case Is Unclear,” Los Angeles Times, June 23, 2017.
117Nigel Duara, “Arizona’s Once-Feared Immigration Law, SB 1070, Loses Most of Its Power in Settlement,” Los Angeles Times, September 15, 2016.
118“Arizona v. United States,” scotusblog.com, June 25, 2012.
119Donald Verrilli Jr. et al., Brief for the United States, State of Arizona et al v. United States of America, Supreme Court of the United States, March 11, 2012.
120Linda Greenhouse, “The Lower Floor,” New York Times, May 2, 2012.
121Transactional Records Access Clearinghouse (TRAC), “TRAC Immigration: Deportations under ICE’s Secure Communities Program,” trac.syr.edu, April 25, 2018.
122Stephen Lemons, “SB 1070 Rage: Salvador Reza, Alfredo Gutierrez, Scores of Others Arrested in Phoenix,” Phoenix New Times, July 29, 2010.
123“Secretary Napolitano and ICE Assistant Secretary Morton Announce That the Secure Communities Initiative Identified More than 111,000 Criminal Aliens in Its First Year,” Immigration and Customs Enforcement, November 12, 2009.
124“Groups Condemn Arizona Bill, Warn of Dangers of ICE-Police Collaboration in Suit Challenging Government Secrecy in ICE Program,” Center for Constitutional Rights, ccrjustice.org, April 26, 2010.
125Tim Craig, “D.C. Council: Boycott Arizona, Don’t Share Arrest Data with Feds,” Washington Post, May 4, 2010.
126Gretchen Gavett, “Why Three Governors Challenged Secure Communities,” Frontline, pbs.org, October 18, 2011.
127“Arizona Governor Signs Immigration Bill,” cnn.com, April 24, 2010.
128Michael Shear and Spencer Hsu, “President Obama to Send More National Guard Troops to U.S.-Mexico Border,” Washington Post, May 26, 2010.
129Kirk Semple and Julia Preston, “Deal to Share Fingerprints Is Dropped, Not Program,” New York Times, August 6, 2011.
130Paloma Esquivel, “Secure Communities’ Documents Show Immigration Officials Misled Public, Judge Says,” Los Angeles Times, August 18, 2011.
131Marc Lacey, “Justice Dept. Sues Sheriff over Bias Investigation,” New York Times, September 2, 2010.
132Ana Avendaño, personal communication to author, July 26, 2019.
133Gonzales, Reform without Justice, 122.
134“Rick Santelli and the ‘Rant of the Year,’” YouTube video, aired on CNBC on February 19, 2009, posted by “Todd Sullivan,” February 19, 2009.
135Vanessa Williamson, Theda Skocpol, and John Coggin, “The Tea Party and the Remaking of American Conservatism,” Perspectives on Politics 9(1), 2011, 33.
136Ibid., 33.
137Marc Lacey, “Activists Take Fight on Immigration to Border,” New York Times, August 15, 2010.
138Jocelyn Fong, “Did J.D. Hayworth Inspire Fox News’ New ‘Third War’ Series about the Border?” mediamatters.org, November 16, 2010.
139“McCain TV Ad: ‘Complete the Danged Fence,’” YouTube video, posted by “John McCain,” May 7, 2010.
140Juliet Eilperin, “Palin’s ‘Pro-America Areas’ Remark: Extended Version,” Washington Post, October 17, 2008, available voices.washingtonpost.com.
141Jessica Tores and Cristina López G., “The Most Absurd Anti-Immigrant Myths of 2014,” mediamatters.org, December 17, 2014.
142“Mexican Empire Will Rise to Challenge the USA Economy,” YouTube video, uploaded by “DellaRobbiaMX,” posted August 1, 2011.
143Philip Bump, “Even in Death, Barack Obama’s Aunt Zeituni Is a Talking Point,” The Atlantic, April 23, 2014.
144“Glenn Beck on Illegal Immigration,” aired on Fox News on April 26, 2010, uploaded by “odom2008dotcom,” April 26, 2010.
145Manuel Roig-Franzia, “Mark Krikorian: The Provocateur Standing in the Way of Immigration Reform,” Washington Post, June 17, 2013.
146Alfonso Aguilar, “Immigration and the Party Of Reagan,” Wall Street Journal, December 2, 2011.
147Manuel Roig-Franzia, “Mark Krikorian: The Provocateur Standing in the Way of Immigration Reform,” Washington Post, June 17, 2013.
148Bradley Jones, “Majority of Americans Continue to Say Immigrants Strengthen the U.S.,” Pew Research Center, January 31, 2019.
149Ana Gonzalez-Barrera and Jens Manuel Krogstad, “U.S. Deportations of Immigrants Reach Record High in 2013,” Pew Research Center, October 2, 2014.
150Peter Slevin, “Deportation of Illegal Immigrants Increases under Obama Administration,” Washington Post, July 25, 2010.
151Barack Obama, Speech in El Paso, Texas, May 10, 2011.
152Julia Preston, “At Rally, Call for Urgency on Immigration Reform,” New York Times, March 21, 2010.
153Gonzales, Reform without Justice, 135.
154Lisa Mascaro and Michael Muskal, “Dream Act Fails to Advance in Senate,” Los Angeles Times, December 18, 2010.
155Julia Preston, “Deportations under New U.S. Policy Are Inconsistent,” New York Times, November 12, 2011; John Morton, “Exercising Prosecutorial Discretion Consistent with the Civil Immigration Enforcement Priorities of the Agency for the Apprehension, Detention, and Removal of Aliens,” Memo for Immigration and Customs Enforcement, June 17, 2011.
156Gonzalez-Barrera and Krogstad, “U.S. Deportations of Immigrants Reach Record High in 2013.”
157“President Barack Obama Keynote Address at 2011 NCLR Annual Conference,” YouTube video, uploaded by “UnidosUS,” July 29, 2011.
158Julia Preston and John H. Cushman, “Obama to Permit Young Migrants to Remain in U.S.,” New York Times, June 15, 2012.
159Fernanda Santos and Charlie Savage, “Lawsuit Says Sheriff Discriminated against Latinos,” New York Times, May 10, 2012.
160Barack Obama, Speech in Washington, DC, June 15, 2012, nytimes.com/2012/06/16/us/transcript-of-obamas-speech-on-immigration-policy.html.
161Daniel Denvir, “How Centrists Failed Immigrants,” Jacobin, November 4, 2016.
162Dan Balz, “Mitt Romney’s Immigration Problem,” Washington Post, June 26, 2012; Alexander Burns, “Immigration, Social Security Dominate,” politico.com, September 22, 2011.
163Julia Preston, Benyamin Appelbaum, and Trip Gabriel, “Romney’s Lawn Care History and the Fight over Immigration,” New York Times, October 18, 201
1.
164Edward Wyatt, “Cain Proposes Electrified Border Fence,” New York Times, October 15, 2011.
165Commission on Presidential Debates, “October 16, 2012 Debate Transcript,” debates.org.
166Mark Hugo Lopez and Paul Taylor, “Latino Voters in the 2012 Election,” Pew Research Center, Pew Hispanic Center, November 7, 2012, 4.
167Garance Franke-Ruta, “What You Need to Read in the RNC Election-Autopsy Report,” The Atlantic, March 18, 2013.
168Ted Hesson, “As One Immigration Enforcement Program Fades Away, Another Rises,” abcnews.com, December 27, 2012.
169Ashley Parker and Jonathan Martin, “Senate, 68 to 32, Passes Overhaul for Immigration,” New York Times, June 27, 2013.
170Ted Hesson, “Where Do Unions Stand on Immigration Reform?,” abcnews.com, January 23, 2013.
171“Comprehensive Immigration Reform in the 113th Congress: Major Provisions in Senate-Passed S. 744,” Congressional Research Service, July 9, 2013.
172Andrew Stiles, “Building a Human Wall on the Border,” National Review, July 2, 2013.
173“A Guide to S. 744: Understanding the 2013 Senate Immigration Bill,” Immigration Policy Center, American Immigration Council, July 10, 2013, 9.
174Fredreka Schouten and Alan Gomez, “Tech Companies Driving the Lobbying on Immigration,” USA Today, April 29, 2013.
175“Senate Passes Bipartisan Immigration Bill While House Continues to Stall,” unidosus.org, June 28, 2013.
176Ed O’Keefe, “Senators Reach Deal on Border Security Proposals,” Washington Post, June 20, 2013.
177Ana Avendaño, personal communication to author, July 26, 2019.
178Benjy Sarlin, “Democrats Let GOP Name Their Price on Immigration,” msnbc.com, June 20, 2013, updated on September 13, 2013.
179“CMSC Newsletter Vol. 2, No. 2–July 26, 2013,” California-MexicoCenter.org, July 27, 2013 (accessed August 8, 2019).
180Andrew Stiles, “Building a Human Wall on the Border,” National Review, July 2, 2013.
181Burgess Everett, “No Tea Party Recess on Immigration,” politico. com, June 30, 2013.
182Tim McCarthy, “The Evolution of Immigration Reform under Obama—a Timeline,” The Guardian, November 20, 2014; Ashley Parker and Michael S. Schmidt, “Boehner Rules Out Negotiations on Immigration,” New York Times, November 13, 2013.
183Gonzalez-Barrera and Krogstad, “U.S. Deportations of Immigrants Reach Record High in 2013.”
184Brian Bennett, “High Deportation Figures Are Misleading,” Los Angeles Times, April 1, 2014.
185Argueta, “Border Security,” 7–10.
186Rory Carroll and Ed Pilkington, “Dream Nine Immigration Activists Freed,” The Guardian, August 7, 2013.
187Roque Planas, “Undocumented Youths Stopped Crossing Border Back to U.S. in Immigration Protest,” huffpost.com, July 22, 2013.
188Lizbeth Mateo, “The Fight to Keep Families Together Does Not End at Deportation,” huffpost.com, July 22, 2013, updated September 21, 2013.
189Mary Schmich, “Undocumented and Unafraid,” Chicago Tribune, March 10, 2010.
190“One Year Later, Obama’s Immigration Heckler Feels Vindicated,” nbcnews.com, December 2, 2014.
191Jennifer Epstein, “Obama Challenges Immigration Heckler,” politico. com, November 25, 2013.
192Reid Epstein, “W.H. Faces Rising Grass-Roots Heat,” politico.com, February 20, 2014.
193Elise Foley, “Cecilia Munoz Named to Top White House Post,” huffpost.com, January 10, 2012.
194Maegan Ortiz, “How Do You Solve a Problem Like Cecilia?,” American Prospect, November 9, 2011.
195Julia Preston, “The Big Money behind the Push for an Immigration Overhaul,” New York Times, November 14, 2014.
196Daniel Tichenor, Dividing Lines, 231–2.
197Walter Nicholls, Justus Uitermark, and Sander van Haperen, “The Networked Grassroots. How Radicals Outflanked Reformists in the United States’ Immigrant Rights Movement,” Journal of Ethnic and Migration Studies 42(6), 2016, 1036–54.
198Epstein, “W.H. Faces Rising Grass-Roots Heat.”
199Reid Epstein, “NCLR Head: Obama ‘Deporter-in-Chief,’” politico.com, March 4, 2014; Nicholls, Uitermark, and van Haperen, “The Networked Grassroots,” 1049–50.
200Denvir, “How Centrists Failed Immigrants.”
201“Immigration Advocates Rally to Curb Deportations,” nbcnews.com, April 5, 2014.
202“National Groups Weigh In on Immigration Reform Timetable,” sojo. net, May 27, 2014.
203Josh Lederman, “Obama Delays Deportation Review,” Associated Press, May 28, 2014.
204Seung Min Kim, “Immigration Groups Push Action,” politico.com, September 19, 2019.
205Seung Min Kim, “Cantor Loss Kills Immigration Reform,” politico.com, June 10, 2014.
206“Eric Cantor a Casualty of Immigration Reform,” nbcnews.com, June 10, 2014.
207Transactional Records Access Clearinghouse (TRAC), “TRAC Immigration: Has Cooperation by State and Local Law Enforcement Agencies Improved ICE’s Apprehension Numbers?,” trac.syr.edu, August 12, 2016.
208Seung Min Kim and Jennifer Epstein, “Obama, Interrupted,” politico. com, November 3, 2014.
209Patrick McGreevy, “Signing Trust Act Is Another Illegal-Immigration Milestone for Brown,” Los Angeles Times, October 5, 2013.
210“RE: Draft Letter,” email, sent from redacted to John Morton, September 28, 2012.
211“Third Circuit Appeals Court Rules That Immigration Detainers Are Non-Binding Requests in Ground-Breaking Case,” American Civil Liberties Union, March 4, 2014.
212Janice Stewart, Opinion and Order, Maria Miranda-Olivares v. Clackamas County, United States District Court, District of Oregon, April 11, 2014.
213Andrea Castillo, “Immigration Detainer Changes Spreading across Oregon; National Implications Possible,” oregonlive.com, April 17, 2014.
214Ted Hesson, “Is Fear of Immigrant Criminals Overblown?,” abcnews. com, July 15, 2013.
215Tony Lee, “Media Ignore Americans Killed by Illegal Alien ‘DREAMers,’” breitbart.com, August 26, 2013.
216Jonathan Blitzer, “The Hard-Liners Standing behind Trump against Sanctuary Cities,” New Yorker, January 30, 2017.
217“The Remembrance Project,” splcenter.org (accessed August 8, 2019).
218Kitty Calavita, “The New Politics of Immigration: ‘Balanced-Budget Conservatism’ and the Symbols of Proposition 187,” Social Problems 43(3), 1996, 284–9.
219Marc Rosenblum and Isabel Ball, “Trends in Unaccompanied Child and Family Migration from Central America,” Migration Policy Institute, January 2016.
220Wil S. Hylton, “The Shame of America’s Family Detention Camps,” New York Times Magazine, February 4, 2015.
221Julia Preston, “Detention Center Presented as Deterrent to Border Crossings,” New York Times, December 15, 2014.
222Molly Hennessy-Fiske and Richard Simon, “Republicans Blame Obama Policies for Immigration Crisis on Border,” Los Angeles Times, June 19, 2014; Jeff Sessions, Remarks in Washington, DC, September 5, 2017.
223Julia Preston, “G.O.P.’s Inroads with Latinos Hint at a Path for 2016,” New York Times, November 5, 2014.
224McCarthy, “The Evolution of Immigration Reform under Obama.”
225Michael Shear, “Obama, Daring Congress, Acts to Overhaul Immigration,” New York Times, November 20, 2014.
226“FACT SHEET: Immigration Accountability Executive Action,” White House, Office of the Press Secretary, November 20, 2014.
227“Secure Communities” Memorandum from Jeh Johnson, for Thomas Winkowski, Megan Mack, and Philip McNamara, November 20, 2014.
228TRAC, “Has Cooperation by State and Local Law Enforcement Agencies Improved ICE’s Apprehension Numbers?”
229Denvir, “How Centrists Failed Immigrants.”
230Jeremy Peters, “After Obama’s Immigration Action, a Blast of Energy for the Tea Party,” New York Times, November 25, 2014.
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231Randy Capps et al., “Revving Up the Deportation Machinery: Enforcement under Trump and the Pushback,” Migration Policy Institute, May 2018.
232Time Staff, “Here’s Donald Trump’s Presidential Announcement Speech,” Time, June 16, 2015.
233Peter Beinart, “The Republican Party’s White Strategy,” The Atlantic, July/August 2016.
234Jason DeParle, “The Anti-Immigration Crusader,” New York Times, April 17, 2011.
235Mitchell Sunderland, “How Ann Coulter Created Donald Trump,” Vice, September 8, 2016.
236Jessica Torres, “Ann Coulter Credits White Nationalist as ‘Intellectual Influence’ on Her Anti-Immigrant Book,” mediamatters.org, August 10, 2015.
237Thomas Peele, “Kate Steinle Killing: Bullet Apparently Ricocheted before Hitting Steinle, Expert Says,” Mercury News, August 26, 2015.
238Kevin Fagan, “Defendant’s Lawyer in Kate Steinle Murder Trial: It Was an Accident,” San Francisco Chronicle, July 8, 2017.
239“Immigrant Acquitted in Kate Steinle’s Shooting Death Wants Gun Conviction Overturned,” Associated Press, January 16, 2019; Brittny Mejia and Alene Tchekmedyian, “Immigrant Deported Multiple Times Found Not Guilty in Slaying of Kathryn Steinle; Trump Calls Verdict ‘Disgraceful,’” Los Angeles Times, November 20, 2017.
240Alex Emslie, “Not Guilty: S.F. Jury Delivers Verdict in Kathryn Steinle Slaying,” KQED, November 30, 2017.
241Cassandra Vinograd, “Donald Trump: Kathryn Steinle Death on Pier 14 Shows Need for Border Wall,” nbcnews.com, July 4, 2015.
242Max Ehrenfreund, “Understanding Trump’s Plan to End Citizenship for Undocumented Immigrants’ Kids,” Washington Post, August 17, 2015.
243Deena Zaru, “Coulter: After Immigration Plan, I Don’t Care If Trump ‘Performs Abortions,’” cnn.com, August 17, 2015.
244Joshua Green, “Attack, Attack, Attack,” New York Magazine, July 10, 2017.
245Blitzer, “The Hard-Liners Standing behind Trump against Sanctuary Cities.”
246Mark Krikorian, “Knowing What We Know Now, Mrs. Clinton, Would You Still Support Sanctuary Cities?,” National Review, July 6, 2015.
247John Hayward, “With Blood on Their Hands, Democrats Suddenly Act Concerned about Illegal Immigration,” breitbart.com, July 8, 2015.
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