‘acquiesce in an unenlightened’: quoted in Barbara W. Tuchman, Stilwell and the American Experience in China, 1911–45, New York, 1971, p. 646
vilification of Chiang Kai-shek: van de Ven, War and Nationalism in China, p. 3; White and Jacoby, Thunder out of China, New York, 1946
‘A full and open explanation’: quoted van de Ven, War and Nationalism in China, p. 60
here Effects of Ichig Offensive: Asano Toyomi, ‘Japanese Operations in Yunnan and North Burma’, in Peattie, Drea and van de Ven, The Battle for China, p. 361
‘so many eggs’: Fukudome quoted Spector, Eagle against the Sun, p. 424
42: Unrealized Hopes
German atrocities during the retreat through Belgium: William I. Hitchcock, Liberation: The Bitter Road to Freedom: Europe, 1944–1945, London, 2008, pp. 61–3
‘miraculously grafted’: Bradley, A Soldier’s Story, New York, 1965
‘Monty does what he pleases’: Blumenson (ed.), The Patton Papers, vol. ii, p. 548
‘Steady, Monty!’: reported Maj. Gen. M. A. P. Graham, quoted Wilmot, The Struggle for Europe, p. 560
‘Had the pious’: Omar N. Bradley, A Soldier’s Story, New York, 1961, p. 409
‘We are mentally and morally’: Sold. W. W., Flak-Rg.291, A.O.K.16, BA-MA RH 13 v. 53
‘liability’: quoted Roberts, Masters and Commanders, p. 523
‘into a country primarily agricultural and pastoral’: quoted Martin Gilbert, The Second World War, London, 1989, p. 592
‘open-mouthed’: GBP, 2.4.45
‘the most tiresome question’: TNA PREM 3/434/2, pp. 4–5, quoted Rees, World War II behind Closed Doors, p. 309
‘thought rather cynical’, ‘No, you keep it’: Berezhkov, At Stalin’s Side, p. 304
‘Britain went to war’, ‘And how many divisions’: ibid., pp. 309–10
‘the flood of Bolshevism’: quoted Roberts, Masters and Commanders, p. 527
‘You know the Russians’: quoted Detlef Vogel, ‘Der Deutsche Kriegsalltag im Spiegel von Feldpostbriefen’, in Detlef Vogel and Wolfram Wette (eds), Andere Helme–Andere Menschen? Heimaterfahrung und Frontalltag im Zweiten Weltkrieg, Essen, 1995, pp. 48–9
‘Bismarckian style’, ‘It was fought in brilliant’: GBP, 4.10.44
‘At that time’: ibid.
‘malevolent appearance of a defeated city’: ibid.
‘I don’t get it’: ibid.
‘The American patrol leader’: GBP, 20.10.44
‘large blank-faced women’: ibid.
‘Lithuanians hate us’: Efraim Genkin in Altman (ed.), Sokhrani moi pisma, pp. 276–82
‘The Special Detachment’: Mikhail Petrovich Chebikin, http://www.iremember.ru/pekhotintsi/chebikin-mikhail-petrovich/
‘What will have happened’: San.O’Gefr. Hans W., 2.Kriegslaz./Kriegslaz. Abt.529(R), 30.7.44, BfZ-SS 24 231
‘Most of them had no desire’: http://iremember.ru/pekhotintsi/avrotinskiyefim-mironovich.html
‘The Hungarians were actually’: Efim Mironovich Avrotinskii, http://iremember.ru/pekhotintsi/avrotinskiy-efim-mironovich.html For the Nazis’ Budapest coup, see Kershaw, Hitler, 1936-1945: Nemesis, pp. 734–7
‘In the name of Christ–Fire!’: Krisztián Ungváry, Battle for Budapest: 100 Days in World War II, London, 2010, p. 241
Persecution and attempts to save Jews in Budapest: ibid., pp. 236–52
Revolt in Cologne: Ian Kershaw, The End: Hitler’s Germany, 1944–45, London, 2011, p. 149
60 per cent of all bombs dropped on Germany after July 1944: ibid., p. 79
‘only became insurmountable’: ibid., p. 134
‘The prayer for our Führer’: quoted Vogel, ‘Der Deutsche Kriegsalltag im Spiegel von Feldpostbriefen’, in Vogel and Wette (eds), Andere Helme–Andere Menschen?, p. 47
‘At 05.15, the artillery preparation’: Blumenson (ed.), The Patton Papers, vol. ii, p. 571
‘The whole damn company’: Bradley, A Soldier’s Story, pp. 430–1
‘an eerie haunting region’: Russell F. Weigley, Eisenhower’s Lieutenants, Bloomington, Ind., 1990, p. 365
allotment of replacements: Bradley, A Soldier’s Story, p. 438
‘Squads and platoons’: quoted Paul Fussell, The Boys’ Crusade, New York, 2003, p. 87
‘two thousand-year stare’: Ellis, The Sharp End, p. 252
Casualties in the Hürtgen Forest: see Fussell, The Boys’ Crusade, p. 83
‘It probably won’t be ours’: Bradley, A Soldier’s Story, p. 433
53rd (Welsh) Division in Reichswald: Ellis, The Sharp End, p. 169
‘Communist dressed up as a marshal’: de Gaulle, Mémoires de guerre, vol. iii: Le Salut, 1944–1946, p. 61
‘One never ceases to be Polish’: Hervé Alphand, L’Étonnement d’être: journal, 1939–1973, Paris, 1977, p. 180
43: The Ardennes and Athens
‘GI’s in their zest for’: Bradley, A Soldier’s Story, p. 428
Bormann at Ziegenberg: Kershaw, The End, p. 145
‘Where in the hell’: Chester B. Hansen, diary 17.12.44, Hansen Papers, USAMHI
‘Fine, we should open up’: Butcher, Three Years with Eisenhower, p. 613
‘a diversion for a larger’, ‘everything depends’: GBP, 17/12/44
‘We’re packing up’: conversation with M. R. D. Foot, 2.12.09
‘manure-filled, waterlogged villages’: Blumenson (ed.), The Patton Papers, vol. ii, 9.12.44, p. 589
‘When can you attack?’: ibid., pp. 599–600
‘Well, Brad, those are’: quoted Crosswell, Beetle, p. 816
‘like Christ come to’: quoted Hamilton, Montgomery: Master of the Battle-field, p. 213
‘chestnut pulling expedition’, ‘Destiny sent for me’: letter 21.12.44, Blumenson (ed.), The Patton Papers, vol. ii, p. 603
782 German corpses: Harold R. Winton, Corps Commanders of the Bulge, Lawrence, Kan., 2007, p. 135
‘a clear cold Christmas’: Blumenson (ed.), The Patton Papers, vol. ii, 25.12.44, p. 606
‘the American Luftwaffe’: Ellis, The Sharp End, p. 72
Bodenplatte: Winton, Corps Commanders of the Bulge, pp. 213–15
‘It looks to me as if’: Alanbrooke, War Diaries, 23–30.12.44, p. 638
‘suggested that de Gaulle’: DCD, 4.1.45
‘discussed all the evils of Monty’s press interview’: Alanbrooke, War Diaries, 8.1.45, p. 644
‘to face geopolitical realities’: Mazower, Inside Hitler’s Greece, p. 268; events in Greece described here are mainly based on Mazower’s excellent account
‘resembled a besieged outpost’: Hastings, Finest Years, p. 536
‘three shabby desperados’: ibid., p. 537
here For the suffering of Belgium in the late autumn and winter of 1944, see Hitchcock, Liberation, pp. 64–9
Belgian civilians in the Ardennes: see ibid., pp. 81–90
Conditions in Holland: ibid., pp. 98–122; Collingham, The Taste of War, pp. 175–9
‘For the attacking Canadians’: quoted Ellis, The Sharp End, p. 363
‘psychological dependence upon’: Max Hastings, Armageddon: The Battle for Germany, 1944–45, London, 2007, p. 171
44: From the Vistula to the Oder
‘Thank God that’: BA-MA MSg 2/5275 v. 1.6.40
‘The young soldier’: György Thuróczy, Kropotov nem tréfál, Debrecen, 1993, p. 103
‘destroyed ten times’: quoted Ungváry, Battle for Budapest, London, 2010, p. 32. Ungváry’s account of the siege is the best and most reliable
‘The bridges remained constantly’: Hans Bayer, Kavelleriedivisionen der Waffen-SS, Heidelberg, 1980, p. 347
‘It was a girl’: Dénes Vass, quoted Ungváry, Battle for Budapest, p. 141
‘Some streets must be guessed at’: Sándor Márai, ‘Budai séta’, in Budapest, Dec. 1945, p. 96, quoted ibid., p. 234
here Wallenberg and Katy: Ungváry, Battle for Budapest, p. 281; arrest by SMERSh and execution: Beria, Beria, my Father, pp. 111, 336
>
‘In many places they are raping women’: László Deseodiary, quoted Ungváry, Battle for Budapest, p. 234; see also Rees, World War II behind Closed Doors, pp. 322–9
‘70 percent of women’: quoted Ungváry, Battle for Budapest, p. 285
‘rampant, demented hatred’: quoted ibid., p. 287
‘no women and no booty’: Zolotov, Zapiski minomyotchika, pp. 187–8
‘didn’t think that was quite’: Alexander, The Alexander Memoirs, pp. 132–3
‘This mission’: Guderian, Panzer Leader, p. 420
‘heavy rain and wet snow’: RGVA 38680/1/3, p. 40
‘All the roads were filled with old people: Rabichev, Voina vsyo spishet, vospominaniya ofitsera-svyazista, pp. 193–5
‘Russian soldiers were raping’: Natalya Gesse in Richard Lourie (ed.), Russia Speaks: An Oral History from the Revolution to the Present, New York, 1991, pp. 254–5
‘barracks eroticism’: Yuri Polakov quoted in Igor Kon, Sex and Russian Society, Bloomington, Ind., 1993, p. 26
‘A criminal is always a criminal’: Nikolai Abramovich Vinokur, http://www.iremember.ru/mediki/vinokur-nikolay-abramovich
‘The entire contents’: Rabichev, Voina vsyo spishet, vospominaniya ofitserasvyazista, p. 143
‘tumultuous market’: Aleksandr Solzhenitsyn, Prussian Nights, New York, 1983, p. 67
‘Germans abandoned everything’: letters from Efraim Genkin to his family, 22.1.45, in Altman (ed.), Sokhrani moi pisma, p. 321
Departure from Auschwitz: Hilberg, The Destruction of the European Jews, p. 254
here Kuriowicz in Auschwitz report by Shikin: 9.2.45, RGASPI 17/125/323, pp. 1–4
‘around four million people’: BA-B R55/616, p. 158
‘They were cowards’: Tkachenko of SMERSh to Beria, GARF 9401/2/93, p. 324
‘Our tanks have ironed’: VCD, 23.1.45
‘Everything is on fire’: Grossman papers, RGALI 1710/3/51, p. 231
‘All this provides’: RGASPI 17/125/314, pp. 40–5
‘We drove closer to Berlin’: VCD, 31.1.45
45: Philippines, Iwo Jima, Okinawa, Tokyo Raids
The race for Manila: Spector, Eagle against the Sun, pp. 520–3
‘Conscription comes’: Charles F. Romanus and Riley Sunderland, The United States Army in World War II: The China –Burma–India Theater, vol. iii, Washington, DC, 1959, p. 369 Arrival of 37th Division in Indochina: Kawano,
here ‘Japanese Combat Morale’, in Peattie, Drea and van de Ven, The Battle for China, p. 328
For Indochina in 1944 and 1945, see Gary R. Hess, ‘Franklin Roosevelt and Indochina’, Journal of American History, vol. 59, no. 2, Sept. 1972; Ralph B. Smith, ‘The Japanese Period in Indochina and the Coup of 9 March, 1945’, Journal of Southeast Asian Studies, vol. 9, no. 2, Sept. 1978; Collingham, The Taste of War, pp. 240–2
Navy fighter pilots playing bridge: Toshio Hijikata, quoted Hastings, Nemesis, pp. xxiii–xxiv
‘precision’ bombing: Biddle, Rhetoric and Reality in Air Warfare, p. 268
‘Stay Alive in ’45’: Swift, Bomber County, p. 99
‘Rock slides were tumbled’: Ellis, The Sharp End, p. 82
‘The raising of that flag’: quoted George W. Garand and Truman R. Stro-bridge, History of US Marine Corps Operations in World War II, vol. iv: Western Pacific Operations, Washington, DC, 1971, p. 542
‘Where the hell’: E. B. Sledge, With the Old Breed, London, 2010, p. 195
‘When a kamikaze hits’: Keith Wheeler, The Road to Tokyo, Alexandria, Va, 1979, p. 187
‘tossing grenades as fast’: Ellis, The Sharp End, p. 83
‘So what?’: Sledge, With the Old Breed, p. 226
‘The sewage of course was appalling’: William Manchester, Goodbye Darkness: A Memoir of the Pacific War, New York, 1980, p. 359
46: Yalta, Dresden, Königsberg
‘the weakness of the democracies’: Beria, Beria, my Father, p. 105
‘On Poland Iosef Vissarionovich’: ibid., p. 106
‘The Americans are profoundly ignorant’: Lord Moran, Churchill at War, 1940–45, London, 2002, p. 268, quoted S. M. Plokhy, Yalta: The Price of Peace, New York, 2010, p. 153
‘We shall allow’: Beria, Beria, my Father, p. 106
‘committed many sins against’, ‘mighty, free and independent’: Tegeran. Yalta. Potsdam. Sbornik dokumentov, Moscow, 1970, p. 22
‘so elastic that the Russians’: William D. Leahy, I Was There, Stratford, NH, 1979, pp. 315–16, quoted Plokhy, Yalta, p. 251
Stalin and death of Roosevelt: Beria, Beria, my Father, p. 113
‘the direct outcome’: Plokhy, Yalta, p. 208
On Dresden, see Frederick Taylor, Dresden, London, 2004; Sir Charles Webster and Noble Frankland, The Strategic Air Offensive against Germany, 1939–1945, 4 vols, London, 1961, vol. iii; Biddle, Rhetoric and Reality in Air Warfare, pp. 232–61; Miller, Eighth Air Force, pp. 427–41; Friedrich, Der Brand, pp. 358–63
‘Berlin, Leipzig and Dresden’: Biddle, Rhetoric and Reality in Air Warfare, p. 254
‘Are we now to abandon’: SOAG, vol. iii, p. 112
‘Dresden was just another’: Bishop, Bomber Boys, p. 342
‘the destruction of Dresden remains’: SOAG, vol. iii, p. 112
US Eighth Air Force casualties: Miller, The Eighth Air Force, p. 7
‘around 18,000 and definitely’: Frederick Taylor in Der Spiegel, 10.2.08.
‘Kraft durch Furcht’: GSWW, vol. ix/1, p. 23
‘Victory or Siberia’: TNA PREM 3 193/2, quoted ibid.
‘The misery that would follow’: quoted Vogel, ‘Der Deutsche Kriegsalltag im Spiegel von Feldpostbriefen’, in Vogel and Wette, Andere Helme–Andere Menschen?, p. 45
‘The number of extraordinary’: report of 12.4.45, TsAMO 372/6570/88, pp. 17–20
Stutthof concentration camp: RGVA 32904/1/19
‘The examination of the premises’: Shvernik to Molotov, GARF 9401/2/96, pp. 255–61
‘The shtrafroty positioned’: Yefim Abelevich Golbraikh in Drabkin (ed.), Svyashchennaya voina, p. 107
‘I’ve only been at war’: Vladimir Tsoglin to his mother, 14.2.45, in Altman (ed.), Sokhrani moi pisma, pp. 260–75
‘When we reached the shore’: Rabichev, Voina vsyo spishet, vospominaniya ofitsera-svyazista, p. 166
‘The port of Rosenberg’: Vladimir Tsoglin in Altman (ed.), Sokhrani moi pisma, pp. 260–75
‘But there was no question of that’: Karl-Heinz Schulze, ‘Der Verlorene Haufen’, BA-MA MSg2 242
‘Morale is low’: RGALI 1710/3/47, p. 25
47: Americans on the Elbe
‘The Germans just don’t seem to understand’: GBP, 2/4/45
‘It is the fear of Russia’: Blumenson (ed.), The Patton Papers, vol. ii, p.22.11.44, p. 580
‘Go to the Stavka’, ‘into account’: Georgii Zhukov, Vospominaniya i razmyshleniya, Moscow, 2002, vol. iv, p. 216
‘not the logical’: Eisenhower, Crusade in Europe, p. 433
‘minimize the general Soviet problem’: TNA PREM 3/356/6
‘Have a go, Joe’: quoted by David Clay Large, ‘Funeral in Berlin: The Cold War Turns Hot’, in Robert Cowley (ed.), What If?, New York, 1999, p. 355
Stalin’s meeting with Harriman and Clark Kerr: NA II RG334/Entry 309/Box 2
‘Are you aware’: I. S. Konev, Year of Victory, Moscow, 1984, p. 79; Zhukov, Vospominania i Razmyshlenia, vol. iv, p. 226
‘completely coincided’: VOV, vol. iii, p. 269
‘much impressed’: ibid.
‘American tankists’: Krasnaya Zvezda, 11.4.45
‘conquering with cameras’: NA II 740.0011 EW/4-1345
‘In the last few days’: Fritz Hockenjos, BA-MA MSg2 4038, p. 16
‘We have gone through small towns’: GBP, 16/4/45
‘One passes through’: Stephen Spender, European Witness, London, 1946, quoted Swift, Bomber County, p. 164
‘Roads are still thronged’: GBP, 2/4/45
Gardelegen massa
cre: GBP, 16/4/45
‘Alex, where are you going next?’: Bolling, quoted Cornelius Ryan, The Last Battle, New York, 1995, p. 229
‘Where in hell did you get this?’: quoted ibid., p. 261
‘should shake hands’: NAII 7400011 EW/4-2345
‘My Führer, I congratulate you!’: Hugh Trevor-Roper, The Last Days of Hitler, London, 1995, pp. 89–90
‘take a whole world’: Below, Als Hitlers Adjutant, p. 398
‘empty phrases and promises’: report of 28.3.45, quoted Evans, The Third Reich at War, p. 714
‘Hitler became paler’: conversation with Generalleutnant a.D. Bernd Freiherr Freytag von Loringhoven, 4.10.99
‘a mixture of nervous energy’: conversation with Generalinspekteur a.D. Ulrich de Maizière, 9.10.99
Eighth Army offensive in Italy: Churchill Papers 20/215, quoted Martin Gilbert, Road to Victory: Winston S. Churchill, 1941–1945, London, 1986, pp. 1288–9
Order of the Day: BA-MA RH19/XV/9b, p. 34
‘To accustom you to death!’, ‘See you in the mass grave!’: Helmut Altner, Berlin Dance of Death, Staplehurst, Kent, 2002, pp. 41 and 17
48: The Berlin Operation
‘There will be no pity’: TsAMO 233/2374/92, p. 240
‘Comrade Ehrenburg Oversimplifies’: Pravda, 14.4.45
‘morally and politically unstable’: TsAMO 233/2374/93, p. 454
‘unhealthy moods developed’: Serov to Beria, 19.4.45, GARF 9401/2/95, pp. 31–5, 91
‘Tell me, are you also’: conversation with General a.D. Wust, 10.10.99
‘Refugees hurry by’: Altner, Berlin Dance of Death, p. 54
‘So, you’ve underestimated’: Zhukov, Vospominania i Razmyshlenia, vol. iii, p. 245
‘Zhukov is not getting on very well’: TsAMO TsGV/70500/2, pp. 145–9
‘undertaking a large-scale reconnaissance’: NA II RG 334/Entry 309/BOX 2
‘the sacrifice of children’: BA-MA MSg2/1096, p. 6
‘The farmers stand at their garden fences’: Altner, Berlin Dance of Death, p. 69
‘Due to the slowness’: TsAMO 233/2374/92, pp. 359–60
‘In the dining room’: Theo Findahl, Letzter Akt: Berlin, 1939–1945, Hamburg, 1946, p. 146
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