by Alex Boese
WHAT IF WE’RE DESCENDED FROM A PIG–CHIMP HYBRID?
Critser, Greg, ‘How a wild pig may uproot the tree of life’ in Quarterly Journal of the Los Angeles Review of Books 7, pp.122–9. (Summer 2015).
McCarthy, Eugene M., On the Origins of New Forms of Life: A New Theory. Macroevolution.net (2008).
McCarthy, Eugene M., ‘The Hybrid Hypothesis’, Macroevolution.net. Retrieved from http://www.macroevolution.net/hybrid-hypothesis-contents.html.
Myers, P. Z., ‘The MFAP Hypothesis for the origins of Homo sapiens’, Pharyngula (2 July 2013). Retrieved from https://freethoughtblogs.com/pharyngula/2013/07/02/the-mfap-hypothesis-for-the-origins-of-homo-sapiens/
Prothero, Donald, ‘Hogwash!’, Skepticblog (4 December 2013). Retrieved from http://www.skepticblog.org/2013/12/04/hogwash/
WHAT IF HALLUCINOGENIC DRUGS MADE US HUMAN?
Clarke, D. B. & Doel, M. A., ‘Mushrooms in post-traditional culture: apropos of a book by Terence McKenna’ in Journal for Cultural Research 15(4), pp.389–408 (2011).
Huxtable, R. J., ‘The mushrooming brain’ in Nature 356, pp.635–6 (1992).
McKenna, T., Food of the Gods: The Search for the Original Tree of Knowledge – A Radical History of Plants, Drugs, and Human Evolution. New York: Bantam Books (1992).
Sagan, D., Cosmic Apprentice. Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press (2013).
Self, W., ‘Mushrooms Galore’ in Times Literary Supplement, pp.7–8 (22 January 1993).
WEIRD BECAME TRUE: CAVE ART
Beltran, Antonio (ed.), The Cave of Altamira. New York: Harry M. Abrams (1999).
Curtis, Gregory, The Cave Painters: Probing the Mysteries of the World’s First Artists. New York: Alfred A. Knopf (2006).
WHAT IF HUMANITY IS GETTING DUMBER?
Crabtree, G. R., ‘Our fragile intellect’, Parts 1 & 2 in Trends in Genetics 29(1), pp.1–5 (2013).
Geary, D. C., The Origin of Mind: Evolution of brain, cognition, and general intelligence. Washington, DC: American Psychological Association (2005).
Kalinka, A. T., Kelava, I. & Lewitus, E., ‘Our robust intellect’ in Trends in Genetics 29(3), pp.125–7 (2013).
McAuliffe, K., ‘The incredible shrinking brain’ in Discover 31(7), pp.54–9 (2010).
Mitchell, K. J., ‘Genetic entropy and the human intellect’ in Trends in Genetics 29(2), pp.59–60 (2013).
Chapter Five: Mushroom Gods and Phantom Time
WHAT IF ANCIENT HUMANS WERE DIRECTED BY HALLUCINATIONS?
Jaynes. J., The Origin of Consciousness in the Breakdown of the Bicameral Mind. Boston: Houghton Mifflin Company (1976).
Keen, S., ‘The Lost Voices of the Gods: Reflections on the Dawn of Consciousness’ in Psychology Today 11, pp.58–64, pp.66–7, pp.138–42, p.144 (1977).
Rowe, B., ‘Retrospective: Julian Jaynes and The Origin of Consciousness in the Breakdown of the Bicameral Mind’ in The American Journal of Psychology 125(3), pp.369–81 (2012).
Williams, G., ‘What is it like to be nonconscious? A defense of Julian Jaynes’ in Phenomenology and the Cognitive Sciences 10, pp.217–39 (2011).
WEIRD BECAME PLAUSIBLE: BEER BEFORE BREAD
Braidwood, Robert J., et al., ‘Did man once live by beer alone?’ in American Anthropologist 55, pp.515–26 (1953).
Hayden, Brian, Canuel, Neil & Sanse, Jennifer, ‘What was Brewing in the Natufian? An Archaeological Assessment of Brewing Technology in the Epipaleolithic’ in Journal of Archaeological Method and Theory 20, pp.102–50 (2013).
Katz, Solomon H. & Voigt, Mary M., ‘Bread and Beer’ in Expedition 28(2), pp.23–34 (1986).
WHAT IF HOMER WAS A WOMAN?
Beard, M., ‘Why Homer Was (Not) a Woman: The Reception of the Authoress of the Odyssey’ in Samuel Butler, Victorian Against the Grain. Toronto: University of Toronto Press (2007).
Butler, S., The Authoress of the Odyssey, where and when she wrote, who she was, the use she made of the Iliad, and how the poem grew under her hands. London: Longmans, Green (1897).
Dalby, A., Rediscovering Homer: Inside the Origins of the Epic. New York: W. W. Norton & Company (2006).
WHAT IF JESUS WAS A MUSHROOM?
Allegro, John M., The Sacred Mushroom & the Cross. London: Hodder and Stoughton (1970).
Brown, Judith Anne, John Marco Allegro: The Maverick of the Dead Sea Scrolls. Grand Rapids, Michigan: Wm. B. Eerdmans (2005).
King, John C., A Christian View of the Mushroom Myth. London: Hodder and Stoughton (1970).
WEIRD BECAME TRUE: ANCIENT TROY
Allen, Susan Heuck, Finding the Walls of Troy: Frank Calvert and Heinrich Schliemann at Hisarlik. Berkeley: University of California Press (1999).
Brackman, Arnold C., The Dream of Troy. New York: Mason & Lipscomb (1974).
Korfmann, Manfred, ‘Was there a Trojan War?’ in Archaeology 57(3), pp.36–8 (May/June 2004).
WHAT IF JESUS WAS JULIUS CAESAR?
Carotta, F., Jesus was Caesar: On the Julian Origin of Christianity. The Netherlands: Aspekt (2005).
Carotta, F., ‘The gospels as diegetic transposition: A possible solution to the Aporia “Did Jesus Exist?”’ (2007) Retrieved from http://carotta.de/subseite/texte/articula/Escorial_en.pdf.
Ehrman, B., How Jesus Became God: The Exaltation of a Jewish Preacher from Galilee. New York, NY: HarperOne (2014).
WHAT IF THE EARLY MIDDLE AGES NEVER HAPPENED?
Illig, H., Das Erfundene Mittelalter: Die größte Zeitfälschung der Geschichte. Munich: ECON (1996).
Illig, H., ‘Anomalous Eras – Best Evidence: Best Theory’, Toronto Conference (2005).
Niemitz, H-U, ‘Did the Early Middle Ages Really Exist?’ (1997) Retrieved from http://www.cl.cam.ac.uk/~mgk25/volatile/Niemitz-1997.pdf.
Scott, E., A Guide to the Phantom Dark Age. New York: Algora Publishing (2014).
Footnotes
* See What if our universe is actually a computer simulation? for one such possibility.
* See Weird became true: continental drift for more about Wegener s theory.
* See What if the Big Bang never happened?
* Yes, this is the same Thomas Gold who co-authored the steady-state theory with Hoyle. See What if the Big Bang never happened? And we ll meet him again soon in another chapter!
* See What if the Big Bang never happened? and What if diseases come from space?
* This recalls the idea that the universe might be a computer simulation. See Chapter One: Cosmological Conundrums. In fact, the phantom-time hypothesis could be seen as a variant of the simulation hypothesis, with medieval monks having been the architects of a simulated historical memory.
Also by Alex Boese
THE MUSEUM OF HOAXES
ELEPHANTS ON ACID
HIPPO EATS DWARF
ELECTRIFIED SHEEP
About the Author
Alex Boese holds a master’s degree in the history of science from the University of California, San Diego. He is the bestselling author of Elephants on Acid, Electrified Sheep and Hippo Eats Dwarf as well as the creator and curator of the online Museum of Hoaxes (at hoaxes.org). He is also a daily contributor to WeirdUniverse.net. He lives near San Diego.
First published 2019 by Macmillan
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