53. Homer Bigart, “Rap Brown Calls Riots ‘Rehearsals for Revolution,’ ” New York Times, August 7, 1967.
54. Rampersad, Jackie Robinson, 417.
55. HP, October 7, 1967.
56. HP, December 2, 1967.
chapter 10: “I Guess the Good lord Has a Job for Me”
1. Rachel Robinson with Lee Daniels, Jackie Robinson: An Intimate Portrait (New York: Harry N. Abrams, 1996), 201.
2. William Borders, “Jackie Robinson, Jr. Is Arrested on Heroin Charge in Stamford,” New York Times, March 5, 1968.
3. Ibid.
4. Ibid.
5. Michael G. Long, ed., First Class Citizenship: The Civil Rights Letters of Jackie Robinson (New York: Times Books, 2007), 273.
6. Ibid., 275.
7. Martin Luther King Jr., “I’ve Been to the Mountaintop” (sermon,
Memphis, TN, April 3, 1968), Martin Luther King, Jr. Research and Education Institute, Stanford University, kingencyclopedia.stanford.edu/encyclopedia/
documentsentry/ive_been_to_the_mountaintop/.
8. Martin Luther King Jr., “The Drum Major Instinct” (sermon, Atlanta, February 4, 1968), Martin Luther King, Jr. Research and Education Institute, Stanford University, kingencyclopedia.stanford.edu/encyclopedia/documentsentry/doc_the_drum_major_instinct/.
9. Jackie Robinson, “Home Plate,” New York Amsterdam News, April 13, 1968
(hereafter cited as HP).
10. William Cowper, “Light Shining Out of Darkness,” Poems of William Cowper, www.puritansermons.com/poetry/cowper8.htm.
11. Martin Luther King Jr., “The Ways of God in the Midst of Glaring Evil, Sermon Delivered at Dexter Avenue Baptist Church,” in The Papers of Martin Luther King, Jr. , vol. 4, Symbol of the Movement: January 1957–December 1958, ed. Clayborne Carson, Sarah Carson, Adrienne Clay, Virginia Shadron, and Kieran Taylor (Berkeley: University of California Press, 2000), 109.
12. Ibid.
13. HP, April 13, 1968.
notes
197
14. HP, April 13, 1968.
15. Jackie Robinson, “The Church and the World” (speech, May 3, 1968), Jackie Robinson Papers (hereafter cited as JRP), box 8, folder 3, Library of Congress, Washington, DC.
16. Ibid.
17. Ibid.
18. Long, First Class Citizenship, 276.
19. Ibid., 276–77.
20. Ibid., 275.
21. Jackie Robinson and Alfred Duckett, I Never Had It Made (Hopewell, NJ: The Ecco Press, 1995), 275.
22. Long, First Class Citizenship, 275.
23. HP, June 8, 1968.
24. HP, June 22, 1968
25. HP, June 13, 1968.
26. HP, June 13, 1968.
27. HP, June 13, 1968.
28. Arnold Rampersad, Jackie Robinson: A Biography (New York: Alfred A.
Knopf, 1997) , 429. This chapter’s narrative is indebted to Rampersad’s book.
29. Ibid.
30. Ibid., 430.
31. HP, August 17, 1968.
32. HP, August 17, 1968.
33. HP, August 17, 1968.
34. “Jackie Robinson Splits with G.O.P. over Nixon Choice,” New York Times, August 12, 1968.
35. HP, August 17, 1968.
36. Rampersad, Jackie Robinson, 431.
37. HP, September 7, 1968.
38. HP, September 7, 1968.
39. Rampersad, Jackie Robinson, 430.
40. Long, First Class Citizenship, 283.
41. Ibid., 291–92.
42. “Robinson Cautions Nixon on Slum Aids,” New York Times, January 30, 1969.
43. Long, First Class Citizenship, 294.
44. Rampersad, Jackie Robinson, 434.
45. Ibid. , 439.
46. Long, First Class Citizenship, 303.
47. “Remarks of Mr. Jackie Robinson at SCLC Operation Breadbasket Saturday Morning Meeting,” January 23, 1971, JRP, box 13.
48. Long, First Class Citizenship, 305.
49. Ibid., 308.
198
notes
50. Ibid., 309.
51. Robinson and Duckett, I Never Had It Made, 256.
52. Ibid., 259.
53. Long, First Class Citizenship, 309–10.
54. Rampersad, Jackie Robinson, 449.
55. Long, First Class Citizenship, 310.
56. Ibid., 305.
57. Ibid., 306.
58. Ibid., 311.
59. Robinson and Duckett, I Never Had It Made, 193.
60. Rampersad, Jackie Robinson, 456.
61. Ibid., 459.
62. Jackie Robinson, directed by Ken Burns, Sarah Burns, and David McMa-hon (Arlington, VA: PBS Distribution, 2016), DVD.
63. Jesse Jackson, “He Made Us Proud to Be Black,” New York Amsterdam News, October 28, 1972.
Index
Abernathy, Robert, 4
Black Economic Council, 169
“Afternoon of Jazz” concert, 173–74
Black Panthers, 168–69
Agnew, Spiro, 167, 176
Black Power movement, 151–54
Albany movement, 122–24, 132, 166
Black Sox Scandal, 60
Ali, Muhammad, 154
Blackwell, Ewell, 94
Allegheny College, 57
Book of Common Prayer, 64
American Association, 81
Boseman, Chadwick, 9
American Jewish Congress (AJC), 115
Bostic, Joe, 45, 46
Amsterdam News, 97
Boston Braves, 45
Anti–Defamation League of B’nai B’rith
Boston Red Sox, 46
(ADL), 96
Bowles, Chester, 119
Anti–Saloon League, 58
Brackenridge Hospital, 98
Arabian American Oil Company
Branca, Ralph, 87, 88, 93, 95
(Aramco), 115–16
Branch, William, 114
Arledge, Roone, 143
Breadon, Sam, 61, 90
Associated Press, 7, 54
Brooklyn Brown Dodgers, 1, 3, 48
Austin, Jimmy, 59
Brooklyn Dodgers, 1, 3, 9, 42, 48, 55,
56, 62, 63, 64, 66, 81, 82, 83, 84,
Baird, Thomas, 45
85, 87, 88, 89, 90, 91, 92, 94, 95,
Barber, Red, 63, 64, 67
96, 97, 100, 102, 103
Barrett, Charley, 2
Brooklyn, New York, 1, 3, 48, 62, 64,
Bartlett, Ray, 34, 36
66, 68, 88, 91, 96, 98, 101, 103
Baseball Writers Association of America,
Brown, Doug, 125
121
Brown, H. Rap, 158–59
Battle of the Bulge, 44
Browning, Robert, 77
Bavasi, E. J. “Buzzie,” 175
Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka,
Beall, Hayes, 29
102
Bear Mountain, New York, 46
Brubeck, Dave, 174
Belafonte, Harry, 113
Bryant, Joyce, 174
Bethel African American Episcopal
Buckley, William F., 168
Church, 35
Burley, Dan, 97
Bethune, Mary McLeod, 67
Bush, George W., 90
Bible
Leviticus 25:10–14, 115
Campanella, Roy, 82, 176
Isaiah 11:1, 51
Camp Hood, Texas, 42
Matthew 5:38–41 (KJV), 5
Campion, Raymond, 62
John 15:2, 51
Cannon, Jimmy, 92
Birmingham movement, 128–29
Carmichael, Stokely, 150–53
Black, William, 107, 175
Catholic Youth Organization, 84
199
200
Index
Chandler, A. B. “Happy,” 84
Dorn, Walter, 144
Chapman, Ben, 89
“Double V” campaign, 41
Charles, Ed, 75, 76, 77
Downs, John Wesley, 27
Chock full o’Nuts company, 107, 112,
Downs, Karl, 39, 60, 123, 137, 147, 168
122, 175
civil rights involvement of, 32
Church of Jesus Christ of Latter–day
death of, 98
Saints (Mormon), 155
discrimination experience of, 29–31
Cincinnati Reds, 56, 57, 94
education of, 27–28
City Island Ballpark, 75, 76
ministry of, 28–29, 31–32
Civil Rights Act of 1957, 111, 119
racial beliefs of, 34
Civil Rights Act of 1964, 148
Robinson’s relationship with, 28–29,
Civil War, 62
32–35, 45, 67, 96
Clark Hotel, 678
writings of, 28, 30–31
Clay, Cassius. See Ali, Muhammad
Downs, Lucretia Hollis, 27
Clemente, Roberto, 100
Duckett, Alfred, 110, 172, 176
Clergy and Laity Concerned about Viet-
Durocher, Leo 2, 83, 84, 85
nam, 155
Dykes, Jimmy, 41
Cohane, Tim, 56
Collins, Addie Mae, 133
East–West All–Star Game, 47, 62
Columbia University, 99
Ebbetts Field, 56, 87, 88, 90, 93, 95, 96,
Comiskey, Charles, 57
100
Commerce Department, 63
Ebony, 55
Commission on Community Organiza-
Eckert, William, 146
tions, 101
Eig, Jonathan, 88, 91, 95
Communism, 46, 99, 119, 145
Eisenhower, Dwight D., 108–14, 117–
Concord Baptist Church of Christ, 100
19, 134, 145
Congress of Racial Equality (CORE),
Eisenhower administration, 110–11, 145,
148
171
Connor, Eugene “Bull,” 128
Epstein, Henry, 116
Coppersmith, Clara, 20–21
Erskine, Carl, 93, 95
Covington, Lacy, 171
Evers, Medgar, 129–30
Cowper, William, 163
Curran, John, 97–98
Farmer, James, 148
Fenway Park, 46
Daily Worker, 46
Fifield, L. Wendell, 2, 3
Daley, Arthur, 84
Flack, Roberta, 174, 178
Davis, Benjamin, 78
Ford, Harrison, 9
Day, Laraine, 84
Fort Hood, Texas, 4
Daytona Beach, Florida, 65, 67, 69, 71,
Fort Riley, Kansas, 42
72, 73, 76, 82
42 (movie), 9, 10, 92
Daytop Rehabilitation Program, 167–68,
Foster, Arnold, 96
171, 173, 177
Freedom National Bank, 141–42, 148,
D–day, 43
168, 178
De La Beckwith, Byron, 129
Frick, Ford, 90, 91
Delormier Downs, 78
Friedan, Betty, 148
Dewey, Thomas, 63
Dexter Avenue Baptist Church, 109
Germany, 40, 122
District Columbia, 147
Giles, Warren, 146
Dodson, Daniel, 65
Goldwater, Barry, 127, 139, 150, 168
Doré, Gustave, 52
Grace Methodist Church, 58
Index
201
Graham, Billy, 110, 114
Johnson administration, 143, 145, 150
Granger, Lester, 79
Jonas, Gil, 88, 89, 90
Greenberg, Hank, 93–94
Jones, E. Stanley, 28
Greenwood, Mississippi, 151
Jones, Mel, 79
Guideposts, 7
Jones, William, 31
Jorgenson, Johnny “Spider,” 80
Hager, Wesley, 58
Hall, John C., 34
Kansas City Monarchs, 1, 3, 4, 45, 47,
Harlem, New York, 32, 46, 64, 78, 97,
48, 73
101, 119, 121–22, 127–28, 135,
Keating, Kenneth, 166
141–42, 168–69, 172, 178
Keefe, Bill, 102
Harris, Duff, 72, 74
Kelly, Joe, 56
Harris, Joe, 72, 73, 74
Kelly Field, 73, 75
Harris, Mark, 54
Kennedy, John F., 119–20, 122–23,
Havana, Cuba, 82, 83
128–29, 133–34
Haynes, Sammie, 47
Kennedy, Robert F., 120, 139, 165–66
Helgeland, Brian, 10
Kilgore, Thomas, 122
Hermanski, Gene, 87
King, Coretta Scott, 109, 113, 120
Herrmann, Garry, 57
King, Martin Luther, Jr., 98, 120, 132,
Hill, Herman, 41
143, 150, 151–53, 155, 166, 173
Hitler, Adolf, 41, 122, 133, 148
assassination of, 162–65
Hopper, Clay, 66, 72, 73, 74, 79, 80,
praise of Robinson, 123–24
81, 83
Robinson’s disagreements with, 133,
House Committee on Un–American
135, 156–58, 169
Activities (HUAC), 99
Robinson’s support for, 109–10, 122–
Hughes, Langston, 90
23, 129–30, 139, 153
Humphrey, Hubert H., 119, 138, 142–
King, Yolanda, 109
45, 156, 165, 168
Korean War, 95
Koufax, Sandy, 176
Independence Church of Christ, 67
Kuhn, Bowie, 177
International League, 78, 79, 80, 81
Ku Klux Klan, 18, 60, 73
Isum, Rachel. See Robinson, Rachel A.
(wife)
LaGuardia, Fiorello, 64, 65
Isum, Zellee (mother–in–law), 36, 150
Landis, Kenesaw Mountain, 59, 60, 62,
Ives–Quinn Act, 63
63
Latin America, 62
Jackson, Jesse, 172, 175, 177
Lawrence, George, 122, 174
Jackson, Jimmie Lee, 143
Lawson, James, 118–19
Jackson, Keiffer, 32
Lewis, John, 142–43
Jackson, Lillie, 32
Life magazine, 56
Jackson, Marion, 32
Life of Christ, 5, 93
Jesus, 5, 15, 40, 82, 110, 130, 132–35,
Lincoln, Abraham, 2, 55, 60, 62, 127
152, 155–58, 166, 169
Lindsay, John, 169
Jethroe, Sam, 46
Lipman, David, 55
Jim Crow, 4, 18, 20, 24, 42, 47, 70, 75,
Liston, Sonny, 136–37
82, 143
Little Rock, Arkansas, school crisis,
John Birch Society, 145
110–13, 122
John Muir Technical School, 24
Little World Series, 81
Johnson, Lyndon B., 45, 119, 137–39,
Lockheed Aircraft, 40
142–43, 145, 156–57, 164–65
Logan, Marian, 118
202
Index
Long, Russell, 133
Muhammad, Elijah, 134, 136
Louis, Joe, 42
Murrow, Edward R., 100
Louisville Colonels, 81
Low, Nat, 46
National Association for the Advance-
Lowenfish, Lee, 51, 52, 53, 54, 55, 60,
ment of Colored People (NAACP),
61, 62, 64, 92
28, 32, 41, 43, 90, 102–3, 107–8,
110, 115–16, 122, 127–29, 135,
Major League Baseball, 10, 63, 66, 77,
158, 176
79, 84, 91–92, 110, 119, 143–44,
National Baseball Hall of Fame, 100,
146, 154, 175, 177
121, 123, 144,
175
Malcolm X, 128, 130, 136, 150, 168,
National Collegiate Athletic Association
176
(NCAA), 3
Maltin, Sam, 81
National Council of Churches (NCC),
Mann, Arthur, 54
112, 134
Mann, Herbie, 174
National League, 56, 59, 90, 91, 93, 95, 96
Marcantonio, Vito, 63
National Organization for Women
March on Washington for Jobs and Free-
(NOW), 148
dom (1963), 113, 132–33
National Sharecroppers Fund, 170
March on Washington movement
National Urban League, 79, 158
(1941), 112
National Youth Association (NYA), 39
Marshall, Thurgood, 32, 103
Nation of Islam, 121, 128, 130, 134,
Mayors Committee on Unity, 64
136–37, 176
Mayors Committee to Integrate Baseball,
Negro leagues, 1, 4, 41, 44, 45, 46, 47,
64
48, 62, 67, 72, 77
Mays, Benjamin, 163
Newcombe, Don, 82, 176
McDuffie, Terris, 46
New Deal, 70
McGriff, Washington, 23
New Orleans, 69, 71
McLaughlin, George V., 62, 63
New Orleans Times–Picayune, 102
McNair, Denise, 133
New York Age, 65
Meany, Tom, 91
New York Amsterdam News, 97, 120
Meniere’s disease, 66
New York City Council, 63
Meredith, James, 151
New York Giants, 61, 63, 88, 90, 103
Methodist Church, 112
New York Herald, 90
Methodist Episcopal Church, 27–28
New York Herald–Tribune, 65
Michaux, Lewis, 121
New York legislature, 63
Missouri Sports Hall of Fame, 42
New York Post, 92, 113, 119, 120, 173
Mitrovich, George, 82
New York State Commission against Dis-
Montgomery bus boycott, 109, 134
crimination, 115
Montgomery Improvement Association,
New York Sun, 88
109
New York Times, 84
Montreal Gazette, 82
New York University, 65
Montreal Royals, 3, 6, 7,9, 65, 66, 67,
New York Yankees (Highlanders), 57, 61,
69, 71, 73, 74, 75, 76, 77, 80, 81,
63, 89, 92, 97
84
Nixon, Richard M., 119–20, 164–65,
Morehouse, Ward, 88
167–70, 174, 176
Moreland, Nate, 41
Nixon administration, 169–70
Morgan, Hugh, 24
Nolan, Jonathan, 25
Morris, Calvin, 173
North Stamford Congregational Church,
Moses, 96, 134, 173
111, 135
Muchnick, Isadore, 46
Nunn, William, 77
Index
203
Odoms, Jimmie, 65
Racine, Hector, 65
Ohio Wesleyan University, 7, 52, 53, 55,
Rackley, Marvin, 80
56, 58
Rampersad, Arnold, 10, 21, 33, 36, 44,
Jackie Robinson: A Spiritual Biography Page 27