by Sara Zaske
ABA Association, 136
abduction of children, 107, 117, 123–26
abortion rates, 146, 176
adolescent children, 171–74, 180–81
age of consent for, 175
self-reliance of, 176–79, 182–86
advanced placement (AP) courses, 166–67
AfD (Alternative for Germany) party, 5, 165
after-school care
German, 92, 96–97, 126, 189, 193
U.S., 193–95
Ahnert, Lieselotte, 48
Ainsworth, Mary, 47–48, 59
Aktion Jugendschutz, 111
alcohol use, 172, 173–74, 185
Alexander, Mrs. (teacher), 193, 195
Allen, Ann Taylor, 60–63
Allensbach Institute, 7–8
American College Health Association, 184
American Historical Association, 166
American Journal of Play, 105
Anholt-GfK Nation Brands Index, 163
Applied Psychology, 106
Armenian genocide, 168
Ather, Lorna, 41
The Atlantic, 138
attachment parenting, 43–45
boundary setting in, 52–53, 56
childcare centers supplementing, 65–66
gender bias and, 53–55
independence goals balanced with, 48–53
studies on, 46–48
Attachment Parenting International, 51
attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), 106
The Baby Book (Sears), 49–50, 65–66
Babyjahre (“Baby Years”) (Largo), 49
Bassok, Daphna, 75
Becker, Rainer, 123–24, 206
Benzing, Richard, 60
Berlin Wall, 7, 19, 60–61, 174
Bielefeld University, 37
Bild Am Sonntag, 122
birthing of children
cesarean rates in, 40–41
medical records and, 38–39
midwives for, 32–35, 39–42
mortality rates in, 36–37
Bittner, Jochen, 162
Blass, Simone, 175
Böhmermann, Jan, 163
Boston College, 126–27
Bowlby, John, 47–48
Brain and Behavior, 185
Brigitte magazine, 66
Brisch, Karl Heinz, 65
Browning, Christopher, 161
Brussoni, Mariana, 137
Buchenwald concentration camp, Germany, 4
Bundeszentrale für politische Bildung (BPB), 6
Buonanno, Paolo, 120–21
Bureau of Labor Statistics, U.S., 64, 183
Campaign for Children, 69
Carlsson-Paige, Nancy, 75–76
CDC. See Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
Center for American Progress, 61
Center for Information and Research on Civic Learning and Engagement, 183
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), 36, 106, 146
Child Care Aware of America, 69
childcare centers. See also “kitas”
abuse in, 66–67
attachment parenting supplemented by, 65–66
developmental advantages of, 62–64, 67–70, 71–85
in Germany, 20–21, 23–25, 29–32, 55–85, 91–93, 96–97, 110–14, 126, 189, 193
horts as, 92, 96–97, 126, 189, 193
quality of, 66–68
subsidies for/cost of, 55, 68–69, 203
training for, 64–65
as universal right, 61, 69, 203
in U.S., 55, 57–58, 59, 61–62, 64, 66–69, 189
Child & Family Research Institute, 137
children. See also parenting, German; parenting, U.S.
abduction of, 107, 117, 123–26
abuse of, 66–67, 123–24, 147
adolescent, 171–86
adult, 177–79, 182–86
alcohol use by, 172, 173–74, 185
college attendance by, 93–94, 179–80, 182–85
commuting/moving independently by, 115–28, 196–201, 207
developmental acceleration in, 73–77
independence of, 48–53, 62–64, 68–70, 77–85, 94–95, 112–14, 115–28, 154–56, 186, 196–201, 207–10
parental ideas emulated by, 6–7, 154–56, 186, 208–10
responsibility as goal for, 2–3, 9–10, 12–13, 25, 27–28, 83–84, 95–96, 115–28, 154, 157–70, 173–75, 182–86, 196–201, 207
rights of, 7–8, 90–91, 123–24, 154, 174, 205–7
self-reliance of, 2–3, 9–13, 48–49, 64, 115–28, 176–86, 196–201, 205–7
Children Now, 69
“Children’s Risky Play From an Evolutionary Perspective” (Sandseter), 138
Christian Democratic Union party (Germany), 6, 165
Chronicle of Higher Education, 184
Civil War, U.S., 168
Clements, Rhonda, 105, 106
Cohen, Roger, 4
Cole, Babette, 144, 148, 156
college, 182, 184–86
mandated coverage, German, of, 183
tiered education tracks and, 93–94, 179–80
Common Core standards, U.S., 74–77, 94, 181
computer use, 107, 193, 206
Contemporary Parenting, 67
Convention on the Rights of the Child (CRC), 206–7
Cooper, Herbert, 97
corporal punishment, 7–8, 79, 207
dangerous activities
adventurous play as, 134–41
fire use as, 130–33
Halloween as celebration of, 141–43
tool use as, 133–34
death discussions, 149–51
Defending the Early Years, 76
Denmark, 10, 134
Department of Education, Youth, and Science, Berlin, 147
Deutsche Jugendinstitut, 76
Deutsche Kinderhilfe, 123–24, 206
Deutsches Technikmuseum, Berlin, 158
difficult topic(s) of discussion
death as, 149–51
discrimination/bias as, 166, 167, 168–70
historical crimes as, 160–70
religion as, 152–56
responsibility lessons tied to, 157–70
sex as, 144–49
disciplining of children, 78, 80–81, 82
via corporal punishment, 7–8, 79, 207
The Economist, 17
education, German. See also specific education levels
arbitur exams in, 180
college/university, 93–94, 179–80, 182–86
on dangerous activities, 130–43
via homeschooling, 90
kindergarten, 30, 60–63, 71–73, 75, 76–77, 110–14
in kitas, 20–21, 23–25, 29–32, 55–85, 91–93, 110–14, 189
meals at school and, 97–99
mobility of children and, 115–28, 196–201, 207
outdoor time’s importance in, 103–14
primary school, 87–100, 117, 173, 179–80, 182, 188, 190
priorities in, 93–96
protest’s role in, 76, 99–100
on religion, 152–56
self-directed, 75–76, 77–85, 94–95, 112–14, 127, 193
on sex, 144–49
situation approach to, 71–78, 82–85
tiered tracks in, 93–94, 179–80
education, U.S.
academic focus of, 30, 63, 74–77, 192–96
Common Core standards for, 74–77, 94, 181
outdoor play/recesses in, 192–93
protest’s role in, 76, 99–100, 194–95
“redshirting” in, 191–92
on religion, 155
on sex, 146–49
situational learning in, 82–85
tiered tracks in, 181
einschulung (celebration), 87–89, 91, 179, 188, 190
European Child Care and Education (ECCE), 67
European Court of Human Rights, 90
European Union, 5, 139–
40
Every Child Succeeds bill (U.S.), 119
Familienhandbuch, 49
Federal Statistics Office, Germany, 55
Ferber, Richard, 45
Finland, 10, 122, 180
fire safety, 130–33
Fisher, Dan, 166
“Forcki” (Forckenbeckplatz) playground, Berlin, 134–35, 142–43
Frankfurter Allgemeine, 49
Free Range Kids (Skenazy), 119
“free-range” parenting, 118–19, 199
Free to Learn (Gray), 127
Fröbel, Friedrich, 30, 60, 91
Frontline, 66
Gallup surveys, 184
Gerlach, Cat, 107–8
German Humanist Association, 153–54
Germany. See also education, German; parenting, German
abortion rates in, 146
bureaucracy in, 22–26
childcare centers in, 20–21, 23–25, 29–32, 55–85, 91–93, 96–97, 110–14, 126, 189, 193
corporal punishment in, 7–8, 79, 207
crime rates in, 120–21
division/reunification of, 6–8, 19, 60–61, 162, 174
emigration to U.S. from, 15–17
Halloween in, 140–43
immigration to/refugees in, 5–6, 165
legal age in, 175
nationalism in, 163
New Year’s celebration in, 130
nudity’s acceptance in, 108–9
outdoor time’s importance in, 101–14
pregnancy rates, teenage, in, 146, 148, 172, 185
religious taxation in, 152
sexually transmitted diseases in, 146, 148, 172
unemployment in, 178, 185
volunteerism in, 183
voting rates in, 183
WW II’s cultural influence on, 3–7, 11, 66, 157–65, 168–70
Goldhagen, Daniel, 161–62
Grass, Günter, 162
Gray, Peter, 105, 126–27
Grossman, James, 166–67
Grossman, Karin, 47
Grossman, Klaus, 47
GunPolicy.org, 121
gymnasiums (high schools), 173, 179–80, 182
Halloween, 141–43
Hamburg Institute for Social Research, 164
Harris Poll, 8
Hausaufgaben? Nein Danke! (“Homework? No Thanks!”) (Himmelrath), 96–97
Hays, Sharon, 48
Heer, Hans, 168
helicopter parenting, 9–10, 12–13, 185–86, 205–6
Hertie School of Governance, Berlin, 177
Himmelrath, Armin, 96–97
Hitler, Adolf/Nazis, 4–7, 11, 60, 157–70
Hitler’s Willing Executioners (Goldhagen), 161–62
HIV, 146, 176
Holocaust, Jewish, 4–7, 11, 169–70
educational study of, 164–65, 167–68
responsibility’s acceptance and, 157–65
The Holocaust (TV series), 160
homeschooling, 90
homework, 76
overscheduling of, 96–97, 192–93, 203
homosexuality, 148
hort (after-school care), 92, 96–97, 126, 189, 193
How Children Succeed (Tough), 77
How to Raise an Adult (Lythcott-Haims), 185
Hurrelmann, Klaus, 177–79, 182, 186
Huss, Michael, 106
Hyman, Mark, 140
International Journal of Adolescence and Youth, 8, 60
Iraqi refugees, 5–6
Jedes Kind Kann Schlafen Lernen (Every Child Can Learn to Sleep)
Kast-Zahn, 46
Jim Crow laws, 168–70
Jones, Ron, 159
Journal of Family Psychology, 8
Jureit, Ulrike, 164, 168
Karawahn, Kain, 131–33
Kast-Zahn, Annette, 46
Keller, Heidi, 60, 67, 176, 205
kindergarten. See also childcare centers; “kitas”
academic focus of, 30, 63, 74–77
Common Core curriculum in, 74–77
development of, 60–63
kita as preparation for, 71–73
toy-free times in, 110–14
Kindergartens and Cultures, 60
kinderläden day care centers, 7, 56, 60
“kitas” (kindertagesstätte) (childcare centers), 20–21, 29, 55–56, 57–58, 60, 62, 189
developmental focus of, 30, 63–66, 69–70, 71–73, 77
discipline in, 78–81, 82
documents needed for, 23–25, 30
field trips/overnights in, 81–82, 91, 111–13
play’s role in, 30–32, 59, 63, 91–93
quality care at, 66–68
situation approach used in, 71–78, 82–85
toy-free times in, 110–14
training for, 64–65
Knigge, Volkhard, 4
Konrad family, 90
Kramer, Heike, 146–47
Ladu, Mario, 139
Lamb, Michael E., 48
Lamm, Bettina, 52–53, 205
Lancet Series on Adolescent Health, 2012, 174
Largo, Remo, 49–50, 66, 74
Last Child in the Woods (Louv), 105
leadership, teaching of, 77–78, 83–84, 95
Leben mit dem Tod (“Living With Death”), 150
lebenskunde (secular spiritual class), 151, 153–54, 170
Lee, Mike, 119
LeVine, Robert, 46–48, 51
Louv, Richard, 105
Lythcott-Haims, Julie, 185
Marcuse, Harold, 160, 163
maternity leave, 54–55, 62, 203–4
Maus (Spiegelman), 167
McDonald, Noreen, 120
Meitiv, Alexander, 118
Meitiv, Danielle, 118
men, parenting bias and, 48, 53–55, 62, 65–67, 203
mental health
attachment theories on, 47–48
play’s tie to, 105, 127
of young adults, 183–85
Merkel, Angela, 5–6, 7, 165
midwives, 32–35, 39–42
Mobile-elternmagazine, 82
Montessori, Marie, teaching method of, 90, 91–92, 193
Moore, Michael, 164
Müller, Frau (teacher), 93, 96
Mummy Laid an Egg (Cole), 144, 148, 156
“National Association of Scholars,” 166
National Bureau of Economic Research (NBER), 36, 41
National Campaign to Prevent Teen and Unplanned Pregnancy, 148
National Center for Missing and Exploited Children, 102
National Conference of State Legislatures, 146
National Electronic Injury Surveillance System, 139
National Institute of Child Health and Development (NICHD), 67
National Study of Education and Care in Germany, 67
National World War II Museum, New Orleans, 4
Native Americans, 166
Nazis, 4–7, 11, 157–59, 161–70
child care approach by, 60
trials of, 160
Nelson, Frank, 138
The New York Sun, 118
The New York Times, 4, 162
Night (Wiesel), 167
Nobel Peace Prize, 162
No Child Left Behind program, U.S., 181
nudity, perspectives on, 108–9
Obama, Barack, 5
Ordinary Men, 161
Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD), 29, 61, 94, 178, 181
Otto, Hiltrud, 67, 205
outdoor time, 101–14, 207
“The Overprotected Kid” (Rosin), 138
parental leave, 54–55, 62, 203–4
parenting, German. See also education, German
of adolescent children, 171–82
of adult children, 177–79, 182–86
attachment, 43–56
birthing process and, 32–42
childcare centers and, 20–21, 29–32, 55–56, 57–70, 71–85
children’s commuting/mobility and, 115–28, 207
> children’s rights as factor of, 7–8, 90–91, 123–24, 154, 174, 205–7
corporal punishment in, 7–8, 79, 207
death discussions in, 149–51
gender bias in, 48, 53–55, 65–66
outdoors’ importance in, 101–14
parental leave for, 54–55, 62, 203–4
religious discussions in, 152–56
responsibility as focus of, 2–3, 9–10, 12–13, 25, 27–28, 83–84, 95–96, 115–28, 154, 157–70, 173–75, 182–86, 207
self-reliance as focus of, 2–3, 9–13, 176–79, 182–86, 205–7
sex discussions in, 144–49
value/idea emulation and, 155–56, 186, 208–9
WW II’s impact on, 3–7, 11, 66, 157–65, 168–70
parenting, U.S. See also education, U.S.
of adolescent children, 172, 174, 176–79, 181–82
of adult children, 178, 183–86
childcare perspectives in, 20–21, 59–60, 61–63, 64, 68–69
children’s commuting/mobility and, 118–21, 126–27, 196–201, 207
children’s rights and, 205–7
control as factor in, 9–13, 172–74, 176–77, 183, 184–86, 205–10
developmental focus in, 73–77
gender bias in, 48, 53–55, 62, 65–66, 203
outdoor play/learning and, 105–7
parental leave supporting, 54–55, 203–4
religious discussions in, 155, 207
sex discussions in, 146–49
situational learning and, 82–85
value/idea emulation and, 155–56, 186, 208–10
Parents Across America, 76
parent-teacher association (PTA), 194–95
“Passau and the Third Reich” (Rosmus), 161
passwords, parent-child, 124
paternity leave, 54–55, 62, 203–4
Pediatrics, 46, 106
A Perfect Madness (Warner), 48
Pew Research Center, 62, 126, 156, 178
Piaget, Jean, 73–74
Pinke Panke, Berlin, 135
PISA. See Programme for International Student Assessment
Planned Parenthood, 146
play, 26–28, 189, 198, 203, 207
adventurous/dangerous, 134–41
kitas’ focus on, 30–32, 59, 63, 71–77, 91–93
learning/development via, 63, 71–77, 127–28, 136–40, 206
mental health’s tie to, 105, 127
playgrounds
“adventure,” 134–41
German, 26–28, 134–41, 142–43
safety of, 139–40
U.S., 139–40, 189
Policy Studies Institute (PSI), 120, 122
Pondiscio, Robert, 74
pregnancy, teenage, 146–49, 172, 175–76, 185
Preuschoff, Gisela, 82
primary schools, German. See also education, German; kindergarten
celebration of, 87–89, 91, 179, 188, 190
as child’s right, 90–91
educational priorities in, 93–96
gymnasium, 173, 179–80, 182
homework in, 96–97
meals served in, 97–99
play’s role in, 91–93