by Demosthenes
[19] It is not a strange thing, then, that he has gained ground at our expense in the late war, but rather that we, performing no single duty of a nation at war, think that we are going to defeat one who does everything that a grasping ambition demands.
[20] ὧν, ὦ ἄνδρες Ἀθηναῖοι, χρὴ λαβόντας ἔννοιαν, καὶ λογισαμένους ὡς οὐδ᾽ ἐφ᾽ ἡμῖν ἐστι τὸ φάσκειν ἄγειν εἰρήνην （ἤδη γὰρ ἐκεῖνος καὶ προηγόρευκε τὸν πόλεμον καὶ τοῖς ἔργοις ἐξενήνοχε） μηδενὸς μὲν φείδεσθαι μήτε τῶν δημοσίων μήτε τῶν ἰδίων, στρατεύεσθαι δέ, ἄν που καιρὸς ᾖ, προθύμως ἅπαντας, χρῆσθαι δὲ στρατηγοῖς ἀμείνοσιν ἢ πρότερον.
[20] Bearing this in mind, Athenians, and reflecting that it is not even in our power to pretend that we are at peace, for Philip has already issued a declaration of war and followed it up by active hostilities, it is necessary to spare no expense, public or private, to take the field eagerly and in full force, wherever the opportunity occurs, and to employ abler generals than before.
[21] μὴ γὰρ ὑπολάβῃ τις ὑμῶν, δι᾽ ὧν ἐγένετο τὰ πράγματα χείρω τὰ τῆς πόλεως, διὰ τούτων αὐτὰ πάλιν ἀναλήψεσθαι καὶ γενήσεσθαι βελτίω: μηδὲ νομίσητε ῥᾳθυμούντων ὑμῶν, ὥσπερ πρότερον, ἑτέρους ὑπὲρ τῶν ὑμετέρων ἀγωνιεῖσθαι προθύμως: ἀλλ᾽ ἐννοεῖσθ᾽ ὡς αἰσχρόν ἐστι τοὺς μὲν πατέρας ὑμῶν πολλοὺς πόνους καὶ μεγάλους κινδύνους ὑποστῆναι Λακεδαιμονίοις πολεμοῦντας,
[21] For none of you must assume that the same policy that weakened the power of Athens will suffice to restore and advance it, nor suppose that, if you are as half-hearted as before, others will be zealous in defence of your interests. Reflect, rather, what a disgrace it would be if your fathers faced many hardships and great dangers in fighting the Lacedaemonians,
[22] ὑμᾶς δὲ μηδ᾽ ὑπὲρ ὧν ἐκεῖνοι δικαίως κτησάμενοι παρέδοσαν ὑμῖν ἐθέλειν ἐρρωμένως ἀμύνεσθαι, ἀλλὰ τὸν μὲν ἐκ Μακεδονίας ὁρμώμενον οὕτως εἶναι φιλοκίνδυνον ὥσθ᾽ ὑπὲρ τοῦ μείζω ποιῆσαι τὴν ἀρχὴν κατατετρῶσθαι πᾶν τὸ σῶμα τοῖς πολεμίοις μαχόμενον, Ἀθηναίους δέ, οἷς πάτριόν ἐστι μηδενὸς ἀκούειν, ἁπάντων δὲ κρατεῖν ἐν τοῖς πολέμοις, τούτους διὰ ῥᾳθυμίαν ἢ μαλακίαν ἐγκαταλείπειν τά τε τῶν προγόνων ἔργα καὶ τὰ συμφέροντα τῆς πατρίδος.
[22] but you should refuse to defend with vigor those advantages which they justly won and bequeathed to you; what a disgrace if one, with only the tradition of Macedonia behind him, so cheerfully courts danger that, in the task of extending his sway, he has been wounded in every limb on the battle-field, but Athenians, whose ancestral boast it is in war to yield to none and conquer all, should renounce, through indolence or cowardice, alike the deeds of their ancestors and the interests of their fatherland.
[23] ἵνα δὲ μὴ μακρολογῶ, φημὶ χρῆναι παρεσκευάσθαι μὲν πρὸς τὸν πόλεμον, παρακαλεῖν δὲ τοὺς Ἕλληνας, μὴ λόγοις, ἀλλὰ τοῖς ἔργοις πρὸς τὴν παρ᾽ ἡμῶν συμμαχίαν: ὡς ἅπας μέν ἐστι λόγος μάταιος πράξεων ἄμοιρος γενόμενος, τοσούτῳ δὲ μάλισθ᾽ ὁ παρὰ τῆς ἡμετέρας πόλεως, ὅσῳ δοκοῦμεν αὐτῷ προχειρότατα χρῆσθαι τῶν ἄλλων Ἑλλήνων.
[23] Not to detain you longer, I say that we must be prepared for war, and must urge the Greek states, by our action rather than by our appeals, to join our alliance; for all words divorced from action are futile, especially words from Athenian lips, in proportion as we are reputed to be more ready of speech than all other Greeks.
ἐπιστολὴ Φιλίππου — PHILIP’S LETTER
[1] Φίλιππος Ἀθηναίων τῇ βουλῇ καὶ τῷ δήμῳ χαίρειν. ἐπειδὴ πολλάκις μου πρέσβεις ἀποστείλαντος, ἵν᾽ ἐμμείνωμεν τοῖς ὅρκοις καὶ ταῖς ὁμολογίαις, οὐδεμίαν ἐποιεῖσθ᾽ ἐπιστροφήν, ᾤμην δεῖν πέμψαι πρὸς ὑμᾶς ὑπὲρ ὧν ἀδικεῖσθαι νομίζω. μὴ θαυμάσητε δὲ τὸ μῆκος τῆς ἐπιστολῆς: πολλῶν γὰρ ὑπαρχόντων ἐγκλημάτων ἀναγκαῖόν ἐστιν ὑπὲρ ἁπάντων δηλῶσαι καθαρῶς.
[1] Philip to the Council and People of Athens, greeting.
To the embassies that I have repeatedly dispatched to ensure the observance of our oaths and agreements you have paid no attention, so that I am forced to send you a statement of the matters in which I consider myself wronged. But you must not be surprised at the length of the letter, for I have many charges to prefer, and it is necessary to put them all clearly and frankly.
[2] πρῶτον μὲν γὰρ Νικίου τοῦ κήρυκος ἁρπασθέντος ἐκ τῆς χώρας τῆς ἐμῆς, οὐχ ὅτι τοῖς παρανομοῦσιν ἐπετιμήσατε τὴν δίκην, ἀλλὰ τὸν ἀδικούμενον εἵρξατε δέκα μῆνας: ἃς δ᾽ ἔφερε παρ᾽ ἡμῶν ἐπιστολάς, ἀνέγνωτ᾽ ἐπὶ τοῦ βήματος. ἔπειτα Θασίων ὑποδεχομένων τὰς Βυζαντίων τριήρεις καὶ τῶν λῃστῶν τοὺς βουλομένους οὐδὲν ἐφροντίζετε, τῶν συνθηκῶν διαρρήδην λεγουσῶν πολεμίους εἶναι τοὺς ταῦτα ποιοῦντας.
[2] In the first place, when Nicias, my herald, was kidnapped from my territory, you not only failed to bring the law-breakers to justice, but you kept the victim a prisoner for ten months, and the letters from me, of which he was the bearer, you read before your Assembly. Next, when the Thasians opened their harbor to the Byzantine war-galleys and to any pirates that chose to touch there, you ignored the incident, in spite of the clauses expressly denouncing such acts as hostile.
[3] ἔτι τοίνυν περὶ τοὺς αὐτοὺς χρόνους Διοπείθης ἐμβαλὼν εἰς τὴν χώραν Κρωβύλην μὲν καὶ τὴν Τιρίστασιν ἐξηνδραποδίσατο, τὴν δὲ προσεχῆ Θρᾴκην ἐπόρθησε, τέλος δ᾽ εἰς τοῦτ᾽ ἦλθε παρανομίας ὥστ᾽ Ἀμφίλοχον ὑπὲρ τῶν αἰχμαλώτων ἐλθόντα πρεσβευτὴν συλλαβὼν καὶ τὰς ἐσχάτας ἀνάγκας ἐπιθεὶς ἀπελύτρωσε ταλάντων ἐννέα: καὶ ταῦτα τῷ δήμῳ συνδοκοῦντ᾽ ἐποίησεν.
[3] Furthermore, about the same date, Diopithes attacked Crobyle and Tiristasis and enslaved the inhabitants, laying waste the adjacent parts of Thrace. But his crowning act of lawlessness was the arrest of Amphilochus, the ambassador sent to negotiate for the captives; he subjected him to the severest torture and wrung from him a ransom of nine talents. And this he did with the approval of your Assembly.
[4] καίτοι τὸ παρανομεῖν εἰς κήρυκα καὶ πρέσβεις τοῖς ἄλλοις τε πᾶσιν ἀσεβὲς εἶναι δοκεῖ καὶ μάλισθ᾽ ὑμῖν: Μεγαρέων γοῦν Ἀνθεμόκριτον ἀνελόντων εἰς τοῦτ᾽ ἐλήλυθεν ὁ δῆμος ὥστε μυστηρίων μὲν εἶργον αὐτούς, ὑπομνήματα δ
ὲ τῆς ἀδικίας ἔστησαν ἀνδριάντα πρὸ τῶν πυλῶν. καίτοι πῶς οὐ δεινόν, ἐφ᾽ οἷς παθόντες οὕτως ἐμισήσατε τοὺς δράσαντας, νῦν αὐτοὺς φαίνεσθαι ποιοῦντας;
[4] Yet violation of the rights of heralds and ambassadors is regarded by all men as an act of impiety, and by none more than by you, if I may judge from the fact that, when the Megarians arrested Anthemocritus, your Assembly went to the length of excluding them from the celebration of the mysteries, and actually erected a statue before the city gates to commemorate the outrage. Yet is it not monstrous that you are now yourselves notoriously guilty of acts which, when you were the victims, excited in you such detestation of the perpetrators?
[5] Καλλίας τοίνυν ὁ παρ᾽ ὑμῶν στρατηγὸς τὰς μὲν πόλεις τὰς ἐν τῷ Παγασίτῃ κόλπῳ κατοικουμένας ἔλαβεν ἁπάσας, ὑμῖν μὲν ἐνόρκους, ἐμοὶ δὲ συμμαχίδας οὔσας, τοὺς δ᾽ εἰς Μακεδονίαν πλέοντας ἐπώλει πάντας πολεμίους κρίνων: καὶ διὰ ταῦθ᾽ ὑμεῖς ἐπῃνεῖτ᾽ αὐτὸν ἐν τοῖς ψηφίσμασιν. ὥστ᾽ ἔγωγ᾽ ἀπορῶ τί ποτ᾽ ἔσται καινότερον, ἐὰν ὁμολογήσητέ μοι πολεμεῖν: καὶ γὰρ ὅτε φανερῶς διεφερόμεθα, λῃστὰς ἐξεπέμπετε καὶ τοὺς πλέοντας ὡς ἡμᾶς ἐπωλεῖτε, τοῖς ἐναντίοις ἐβοηθεῖτε, τὴν χώραν μου κακῶς ἐποιεῖτε.
[5] Again, your general, Callias, captured the cities on the Pagasaean Gulf, every one of them, though they were protected by treaty with you and were in alliance with me all merchants sailing to Macedonia he regarded as enemies and sold them into slavery. And for this you passed him a vote of thanks! So I am at a loss to say what difference it will make if you admit that you are at war with me, for when we were openly at variance, then too you used to send out privateers, enslave merchants trading with us, help my adversaries, and lay waste my territory.
[6] χωρὶς τοίνυν εἰς τοῦτο παρανομίας ἀφῖχθε καὶ δυσμενείας ὥστε καὶ πρὸς τὸν Πέρσην πρέσβεις ἀπεστάλκατε πείσοντας αὐτὸν ἐμοὶ πολεμεῖν: ὃ μάλιστ᾽ ἄν τις θαυμάσειεν. πρὸ μὲν γὰρ τοῦ λαβεῖν αὐτὸν Αἴγυπτον καὶ Φοινίκην ἐψηφίσασθε, ἂν ἐκεῖνός τι νεωτερίζῃ, παρακαλεῖν ὁμοίως ἐμὲ καὶ τοὺς ἄλλους Ἕλληνας ἅπαντας ἐπ᾽ αὐτόν:
[6] Not content with this, you have shown your contempt for right and your hostility to me by actually sending an embassy to urge the king of Persia to declare war on me. This is the most amazing exploit of all; for, before the king reduced Egypt and Phoenicia, you passed a decree calling on me to make common cause with the rest of the Greeks against him, in case he attempted to interfere with us;
[7] νῦν δὲ τοσοῦτον ὑμῖν περίεστι τοῦ πρὸς ἐμὲ μίσους ὥστε πρὸς ἐκεῖνον διαλέγεσθε περὶ τῆς ἐπιμαχίας. καίτοι τὸ παλαιὸν οἱ πατέρες ὑμῶν, ὡς ἐγὼ πυνθάνομαι, τοῖς Πεισιστρατίδαις ἐπετίμων ὡς ἐπάγουσι τὸν Πέρσην ἐπὶ τοὺς Ἕλληνας: ὑμεῖς δ᾽ οὐκ αἰσχύνεσθε ταῦτα ποιοῦντες ἃ διετελεῖτε τοῖς τυράννοις ἐγκαλοῦντες.
[7] and today you have such a superabundance of hatred for me that you negotiate with him for a defensive alliance. Yet I am given to understand that your fathers of old punished the sons of Pisistratus for inviting the Persians to invade Greece. You are not ashamed to do what you have always made a matter of indictment against your tyrants.
[8] ἀλλὰ πρὸς τοῖς ἄλλοις καὶ γράφετ᾽ ἐν τοῖς ψηφίσμασιν ἐμοὶ προστάττοντες Τήρην καὶ Κερσοβλέπτην ἐᾶν Θρᾴκης ἄρχειν, ὡς ὄντας Ἀθηναίους. ἐγὼ δὲ τούτους οὔτε τῶν περὶ τῆς εἰρήνης συνθηκῶν οἶδα μετασχόντας ὑμῖν οὔτ᾽ ἐν ταῖς στήλαις ἀναγεγραμμένους οὔτ᾽ Ἀθηναίους ὄντας, ἀλλὰ Τήρην μὲν μετ᾽ ἐμοῦ στρατευόμενον ἐφ᾽ ὑμᾶς, Κερσοβλέπτην δὲ τοῖς παρ᾽ ἐμοῦ πρεσβευταῖς ἰδίᾳ μὲν τοὺς ὅρκους ὀμόσαι προθυμούμενον, κωλυθέντα δ᾽ ὑπὸ τῶν ὑμετέρων στρατηγῶν ἀποφαινόντων αὐτὸν Ἀθηναίων ἐχθρόν.
[8] But there is more to come. In your decrees you order me in so many words to leave Thrace to the rule of Teres and Cersobleptes, because they are Athenians. But I am not aware that these two had any share with you in the terms of peace, or that their names were included in the inscription set up, or that they are really Athenians. On the contrary, I know that Teres fought with me against you, and that Cersobleptes was quite ready in private to take the oath of allegiance to my ambassadors, but was prevented by your generals, who denounced him as an enemy of the Athenians.
[9] καίτοι πῶς ἐστὶ τοῦτ᾽ ἴσον ἢ δίκαιον, ὅταν μὲν ὑμῖν συμφέρῃ, πολέμιον εἶναι φάσκειν αὐτὸν τῆς πόλεως, ὅταν δ᾽ ἐμὲ συκοφαντεῖν βούλησθε, πολίτην ἀποδείκνυσθαι τὸν αὐτὸν ὑφ᾽ ὑμῶν: καὶ Σιτάλκου μὲν ἀποθανόντος, ᾧ μετέδοτε τῆς πολιτείας, εὐθὺς ποιήσασθαι πρὸς τὸν ἀποκτείναντα φιλίαν, ὑπὲρ δὲ Κερσοβλέπτου πόλεμον αἴρεσθαι πρὸς ἡμᾶς; καὶ ταῦτα σαφῶς εἰδότας ὅτι τῶν λαμβανόντων τὰς δωρεὰς τὰς τοιαύτας οὐδεὶς οὔτε τῶν νόμων οὔτε τῶν ψηφισμάτων οὐδὲν φροντίζει τῶν ὑμετέρων.
[9] And yet is it fair and right that, when it suits your convenience, you should call him an enemy of your state, but, when you want to bully me, the same man should be described as your fellow-citizen; and that on the death of Sitalces, on whom you did confer your citizenship, you should at once cultivate the friendship of his murderer, and pick a quarrel with us to shield Cersobleptes? And all the time you know perfectly well that of those who receive such honors at your hands not one cares a jot for your laws or your decrees.
[10] οὐ μὴν ἀλλ᾽ εἰ δεῖ πάντα τἄλλα παραλιπόντα συντόμως εἰπεῖν, ὑμεῖς ἔδοτε πολιτείαν Εὐαγόρᾳ τῷ Κυπρίῳ καὶ Διονυσίῳ τῷ Συρακοσίῳ καὶ τοῖς ἐκγόνοις τοῖς ἐκείνων. ἐὰν οὖν πείσητε τοὺς ἐκβαλόντας ἑκατέρους αὐτῶν ἀποδοῦναι πάλιν τὰς ἀρχὰς τοῖς ἐκπεσοῦσι, κομίζεσθε καὶ παρ᾽ ἐμοῦ τὴν Θρᾴκην, ὅσης Τήρης καὶ Κερσοβλέπτης ἦρχον. εἰ δὲ τοῖς μὲν ἐκείνων κρατήσασι μηδ᾽ ἐγκαλεῖν ἀξιοῦτε μηδέν, ἐμὲ δ᾽ ἐνοχλεῖτε, πῶς οὐ δικαίως ὑμᾶς ἀμυνοίμην ἄν;
[10] However, if I may mention two instances to the exclusion of the rest, you gave your citizenship to Evagoras of Cyprus and to Dionysius of Syracuse, to them and their descendants. Now, if you can persuade either of these peoples to restore their exiled tyrants, then you may apply to me for as much of Thrace as was ruled by Teres and Cersobleptes. But if you have not a word to say against those who overthrew Evagoras and Dionysius, but persist in harassing me, have I not a perfect right to defend myself against you?
&nbs
p; [11] περὶ μὲν οὖν τούτων πολλὰ λέγειν ἔχων ἔτι δίκαια, παραλιπεῖν προαιροῦμαι: Καρδιανοῖς δέ φημι βοηθεῖν, γεγονὼς αὐτοῖς πρὸ τῆς εἰρήνης σύμμαχος, οὐκ ἐθελόντων δ᾽ ὑμῶν ἐλθεῖν εἰς κρίσιν, πολλάκις μὲν ἐμοῦ δεηθέντος, οὐκ ὀλιγάκις δ᾽ ἐκείνων: ὥστε πῶς οὐκ ἂν εἴην πάντων φαυλότατος, εἰ καταλιπὼν τοὺς συμμάχους μᾶλλον ὑμῶν φροντίζοιμι τῶν πάντα μοι τρόπον ἐνοχλούντων ἢ τῶν βεβαίως μοι φίλων ἀεὶ μενόντων;
[11] Now I prefer to pass over many complaints that I might justly make, but I admit that I am helping the Cardians, for I was their ally before the peace, and you refused to submit your claim to arbitration, though you were often pressed to do so by me, and not infrequently by the Cardians. Should I not be utterly contemptible if I threw over my allies and paid more regard to you, who are harassing me in every way, than to those who have always been my staunch friends?