by Demosthenes
[23] ἀλλ᾽ εὐτυχοῦσιν, ὅτι ἐναποχρῶνται τῇ ὑμετέρᾳ ῥᾳθυμίᾳ τῇ οὐδὲ τῶν δικαίων ἀπολαύειν προαιρουμένῃ. ὃ καὶ ὑβριστικώτατον συμβέβηκεν, εἰ οἱ μὲν ἄλλοι Ἕλληνες καὶ βάρβαροι ἅπαντες τὴν πρὸς ὑμᾶς ἔχθραν φοβοῦνται, οὗτοι δ᾽ οἱ νεόπλουτοι μόνοι καταφρονεῖν ὑμᾶς ὑμῶν αὐτῶν ἀναγκάζουσι, τὰ μὲν πείθοντες, τὰ δὲ βιαζόμενοι, ὥσπερ ἐν Ἀβδηρίταις ἢ Μαρωνείταις, ἀλλ᾽ οὐκ ἐν Ἀθηναίοις πολιτευόμενοι.
[23] But they are in luck, because they can make the most of your supineness, which prefers to take no advantage even of your due rights.
The greatest humiliation, however, that we have suffered is that all the other Greeks and barbarians dread your enmity, but these upstarts alone can make you despise yourselves, sometimes by persuasion, sometimes by force, as if Abdera or Maronea, and not Athens, were the scene of their political activities.
[24] καὶ ἅμα μικρὰ μὲν τὰ ὑμέτερα ποιοῦσι, τὰ δὲ τῶν ἐχθρῶν ἰσχυρά, ἅμα δὲ λανθάνουσιν ἑαυτοὺς ἀνυπόστατον τὴν πόλιν ὁμολογοῦντες εἶναι, διακελευόμενοι τὸ δίκαιον οὐ δικαίως διαφυλάττειν, ὡς τῷ συμφέροντί γε προελομένην χρῆσθαι κρατεῖν ἂν τῶν πολεμίων ῥᾳδίως δυνηθεῖσαν.
[24] Moreover, while they weaken your cause and strengthen that of your enemies, they at the same time admit unconsciously that our city is irresistible, because they bid her uphold justice by injustice, as though she could easily vanquish her enemies, if she preferred to consult her own interests.
[25] εἰκότως δ᾽ αὐτὸ πεπόνθασιν: ἕως γὰρ ἂν ἐξῇ τῶν κατὰ θάλατταν καὶ μόνοις ἀναμφισβητήτως εἶναι κυρίοις, τοῖς γε κατὰ γῆν πρὸς τῇ ὑπαρχούσῃ δυνάμει ἔστι προβολὰς ἑτέρας ἰσχυροτέρας εὑρέσθαι, ἄλλως τε καὶ πεπαυμένων ὑπὸ τῆς τύχης τῶν δορυφορουμένων ὑπὸ τῶν τυραννικῶν στρατοπέδων, καὶ τῶν μὲν ἐφθαρμένων, τῶν δὲ ἐξεληλεγμένων οὐδενὸς ἀξίων ὄντων.
[25] And they have taken up a reasonable attitude; for as long as we, single-handed, can maintain an unchallenged supremacy at sea, we can devise other and stronger defences on land in addition to our existing forces, especially if by good fortune we can get rid of these politicians, who have for their bodyguard the hosts of tyranny, and if some of them are destroyed and others conclusively proved to be worthless.
[26] τὸ μὲν οὖν περὶ τὰ πλοῖα πρὸς τοῖς ἄλλοις τοῖς προειρημένοις ὁ Μακεδὼν τηλικοῦτον παρέβη: τὸ δὲ ὑβριστικώτατον καὶ ὑπεροπτικώτατον τῶν Μακεδόνων τὸ πρώην γεγενημένον ἐστί, τὸ τολμῆσαι εἰσπλεῦσαι εἰς τὸν Πειραιᾶ παρὰ τὰς κοινὰς ἡμῖν πρὸς αὐτοὺς ὁμολογίας. καὶ τοῦτ᾽, ὦ ἄνδρες Ἀθηναῖοι, οὐχ ὅτι μία τριήρης ἦν, μικρὸν ὑποληπτέον, ἀλλ᾽ ὅτι ἀπόπειρα ἐγένετο, εἰ περιοψόμεθα, ἵνα μετὰ πλειόνων αὐτοῖς ἐγγένηται τοῦτο πράττειν, καὶ ὅτι οὐκ ἐφρόντισαν τῶν κοινῶν δογμάτων, καθάπερ οὐδὲ τῶν προειρημένων.
[26] Such then, in the matter of the ships, has been the violation of the compact by the Macedonian king, in addition to the other cases mentioned. But the most insolent and overbearing exploit of the Macedonians was that performed quite recently, when they dared to sail into the Piraeus, contrary to our mutual agreement. Moreover, men of Athens, because it was only a single war-galley, it must not be regarded as a slight matter, but as an experiment made to see whether we should overlook it, so that they could repeat it on a larger scale, and also as a proof that they cared as little for these terms of agreement as for those that have been already mentioned.
[27] ἐπεὶ ὅτι γε τοῦτο παράδυσις ἦν κατὰ μικρὸν καὶ ἐθισμὸς τοῦ ἀνέχεσθαι ἡμᾶς τοὺς τοιούτους εἴσπλους, κἀκεῖθεν δῆλον: τῷ γὰρ τὸν τότε ἐπὶ τῆς νεὼς εἰσπλεύσαντα, ὃν ἔδει εὐθὺς μετὰ τῆς τριήρους ὑφ᾽ ὑμῶν ἀπολωλέναι, αἰτεῖσθαι ναυπηγήσασθαι μικρὰ πλοῖα ἐν τοῖς ἡμετέροις λιμέσι πῶς οὐ καταφανὲς ὅτι ἀντὶ τοῦ εἰσπλεῖν τὸ εὐθὺς ἔνδον εἶναι ἐμηχανῶντο; καὶ εἰ λεπτὰ πλοῖα ὑπομενοῦμεν, ὀλίγον ὕστερον καὶ τριήρεις: καὶ εἰ τὸ πρῶτον ὀλίγας, μικρῷ ὕστερον πολλάς.
[27] For that it was an encroachment little by little and was meant to accustom us to suffering such intrusions into our harbors, is plain from the following consideration. For the mere fact that the man who sailed the ship in, and whom you ought to have put out of existence at once, galley and all, asked permission to build small boats in our harbor — does it not make it perfectly plain that their scheme was not so much to enter the harbor as to be inside it from the first? And if we tolerate small craft, a little later it will be war-galleys as well; and if at first we sanction a few, there will soon be many.
[28] οὐ γὰρ δὴ ἔστι γ᾽ εἰπεῖν ὡς Ἀθήνησι μὲν ἀφθόνων ὄντων τῶν ναυπηγησίμων ξύλων, τῶν μόγις καὶ πόρρωθεν εἰσκομιζομένων, ἐν δὲ τῇ Μακεδονίᾳ ἐπιλελοιπότων, τῇ καὶ τοῖς ἄλλοις τοῖς βουλομένοις εὐτελέστατα καθισταμένῃ, ἀλλ᾽ ᾤονθ᾽ ἅμα τε ναυπηγήσεσθαι ἐνταῦθα καὶ πληρώσεσθαι ἐν τῷ λιμένι τῷ προειρημένῳ, ἐν ταῖς κοιναῖς ὁμολογίαις διειρημένον μηδὲν τοιοῦτον εἰσδέχεσθαι, καὶ τοῦτ᾽ ἐξέσεσθαι ἐπὶ πλέον ἀεὶ ποιεῖν.
[28] For they cannot allege as their excuse that there is plenty of timber for shipbuilding at Athens, where we import it with great trouble from distant parts, but that it is scarce in Macedonia, where there is a cheap supply for all who want it. No, they thought that they would build their ships here and also furnish them with crews in our harbor, though it is expressly stipulated in the joint agreement that nothing of the kind should be permitted; and they thought too that it would always be more and more in their power to do this. Thus on every hand they treat our city with contempt, thanks to their prompters here, who suggest to them everything they should do;
[29] οὕτω πανταχόθεν καταπεφρονηκότως ἐκεῖνοι τῇ πόλει χρῶνται διὰ τοὺς ἐντεῦθεν διδασκάλους τοὺς ὑπαγορεύοντας αὐτοῖς ἃ δεῖ ποιεῖν: οὕτω δὲ κατεγνώκασι μετὰ τούτων ἀδιήγητόν τινα τῆς πόλεως ἔκλυσιν καὶ μαλακίαν, καὶ οὔτε πρόνοιαν περὶ τῶν μελλόντων εἶναι, οὔτε λογισμὸν οὐδένα παραγίγνεσθαι τίνα τρόπον χρῆται ὁ τύραννος ταῖς κοιναῖς ὁμολογίαις.
[29] and thus with their help they have discovered that there is an indescribable slackness and feebleness in our city, and that we take no thought for the morrow, and that it never occurs to us to consider how the tyrant is carrying out the jo
int agreement.
[30] αἷς ἐγὼ διακελεύομαι, ὦ ἄνδρες Ἀθηναῖοι, πείθεσθαι, καθάπερ ἐδίδαξα, καὶ διαβεβαιωσαίμην ἄν, ὡς τοῦθ᾽ ἡλικίας ἔχων, ἅμα καὶ τῷ δικαίῳ ἡμᾶς ἀνεγκλήτως καὶ τοῖς καιροῖς ἀσφαλέστατα χρήσεσθαι τοῖς ἐπὶ τὸ συμφέρον κατεπείγουσιν. καὶ γὰρ ἔτι προσγέγραπται ἐν ταῖς συνθήκαις, ‘ἐὰν βουλώμεθα τῆς κοινῆς εἰρήνης μετέχειν’: τὸ δ᾽ ‘ἐὰν βουλώμεθα’ ἐστὶν ἅμα καὶ τοὐναντίον, εἰ ἄρα ποτὲ δεῖ παύσασθαι αἰσχρῶς ἑτέροις ἀκολουθοῦντας, ἢ μηδ᾽ ἀναμνησθῆναι μηδεμιᾶς φιλοτιμίας τῶν ἐξ ἀρχαιοτάτου καὶ πλείστων καὶ μάλιστα πάντων ἀνθρώπων ἡμῖν ὑπαρχουσῶν. ἐὰν οὖν κελεύητ᾽, ὦ ἄνδρες Ἀθηναῖοι, γράψω, καθάπερ αἱ συνθῆκαι κελεύουσι, πολεμεῖν τοῖς παραβεβηκόσιν.
[30] That agreement, men of Athens, I urge you to keep in the way that I have explained, and I would confidently assure you, with the authority that my age confers, that we shall at once be exercising our undoubted rights, and also making the safest use of those opportunities which impel us to secure our interests. For, indeed, there is this clause appended to the agreement, “if it is our wish to share in the common peace.” But the words “if it is our wish” mean also the opposite — if it is ever our duty to abandon our disgraceful submission to the dictates of others, or even our forgetfulness of those high ideals, which from time immemorial we have cherished in greater measure than any other people. Therefore, if you approve, Athenians, I will now propose that, as the agreement directs, we declare war on the transgressors.
περὶ τοῦ Στεφάνου — ON THE CROWN
[1] πρῶτον μέν, ὦ ἄνδρες Ἀθηναῖοι, τοῖς θεοῖς εὔχομαι πᾶσι καὶ πάσαις, ὅσην εὔνοιαν ἔχων ἐγὼ διατελῶ τῇ τε πόλει καὶ πᾶσιν ὑμῖν, τοσαύτην ὑπάρξαι μοι παρ᾽ ὑμῶν εἰς τουτονὶ τὸν ἀγῶνα, ἔπειθ᾽ ὅπερ ἐστὶ μάλισθ᾽ ὑπὲρ ὑμῶν καὶ τῆς ὑμετέρας εὐσεβείας τε καὶ δόξης, τοῦτο παραστῆσαι τοὺς θεοὺς ὑμῖν, μὴ τὸν ἀντίδικον σύμβουλον ποιήσασθαι περὶ τοῦ πῶς ἀκούειν ὑμᾶς ἐμοῦ δεῖ （σχέτλιον γὰρ ἂν εἴη τοῦτό γε）,
[1] Let me begin, men of Athens, by beseeching all the Powers of Heaven that on this trial I may find in Athenian hearts such benevolence towards me as I have ever cherished for the city and the people of Athens. My next prayer is for you, and for your conscience and honor. May the gods so inspire you that the temper with which you listen to my words shall be guided, not by my adversary —
[2] ἀλλὰ τοὺς νόμους καὶ τὸν ὅρκον, ἐν ᾧ πρὸς ἅπασι τοῖς ἄλλοις δικαίοις καὶ τοῦτο γέγραπται, τὸ ὁμοίως ἀμφοῖν ἀκροάσασθαι. τοῦτο δ᾽ ἐστὶν οὐ μόνον τὸ μὴ προκατεγνωκέναι μηδέν, οὐδὲ τὸ τὴν εὔνοιαν ἴσην ἀποδοῦναι, ἀλλὰ τὸ καὶ τῇ τάξει καὶ τῇ ἀπολογίᾳ, ὡς βεβούληται καὶ προῄρηται τῶν ἀγωνιζομένων ἕκαστος, οὕτως ἐᾶσαι χρήσασθαι.
[2] that would be monstrous indeed! — but by the laws and by the judicial oath, by whose terms among other obligations you are sworn to give to both sides an impartial hearing. The purpose of that oath is, not only that you shall discard all prejudice, not only that you shall show equal favor, but also that you shall permit every litigant to dispose and arrange his topics of defence according to his own discretion and judgement.
[3] πολλὰ μὲν οὖν ἔγωγ᾽ ἐλαττοῦμαι κατὰ τουτονὶ τὸν ἀγῶν᾽ Αἰσχίνου, δύο δ᾽, ὦ ἄνδρες Ἀθηναῖοι, καὶ μεγάλα, ἓν μὲν ὅτι οὐ περὶ τῶν ἴσων ἀγωνίζομαι: οὐ γάρ ἐστιν ἴσον νῦν ἐμοὶ τῆς παρ᾽ ὑμῶν εὐνοίας διαμαρτεῖν καὶ τούτῳ μὴ ἑλεῖν τὴν γραφήν, ἀλλ᾽ ἐμοὶ μὲν — οὐ βούλομαι δυσχερὲς εἰπεῖν οὐδὲν ἀρχόμενος τοῦ λόγου, οὗτος δ᾽ ἐκ περιουσίας μου κατηγορεῖ. ἕτερον δ᾽, ὃ φύσει πᾶσιν ἀνθρώποις ὑπάρχει, τῶν μὲν λοιδοριῶν καὶ τῶν κατηγοριῶν ἀκούειν ἡδέως, τοῖς ἐπαινοῦσι δ᾽ αὑτοὺς ἄχθεσθαι:
[3] Among many advantages which Aeschines holds over me in this contention, there are two, men of Athens, of great moment. In the first place, I have a larger stake on the issue; for the loss of your favor is far more serious to me than the loss of your verdict to him. For me, indeed — but let me say nothing inauspicious at the outset of my speech: I will only say that he accuses me at an advantage. Secondly, there is the natural disposition of mankind to listen readily to obloquy and invective, and to resent self-laudation.
[4] τούτων τοίνυν ὃ μέν ἐστι πρὸς ἡδονήν, τούτῳ δέδοται, ὃ δὲ πᾶσιν ὡς ἔπος εἰπεῖν ἐνοχλεῖ, λοιπὸν ἐμοί. κἂν μὲν εὐλαβούμενος τοῦτο μὴ λέγω τὰ πεπραγμέν᾽ ἐμαυτῷ, οὐκ ἔχειν ἀπολύσασθαι τὰ κατηγορημένα δόξω, οὐδ᾽ ἐφ᾽ οἷς ἀξιῶ τιμᾶσθαι δεικνύναι: ἐὰν δ᾽ ἐφ᾽ ἃ καὶ πεποίηκα καὶ πεπολίτευμαι βαδίζω, πολλάκις λέγειν ἀναγκασθήσομαι περὶ ἐμαυτοῦ. πειράσομαι μὲν οὖν ὡς μετριώτατα τοῦτο ποιεῖν: ὅ τι δ᾽ ἂν τὸ πρᾶγμα αὔτ᾽ ἀναγκάζῃ, τούτου τὴν αἰτίαν οὗτός ἐστι δίκαιος ἔχειν ὁ τοιοῦτον ἀγῶν᾽ ἐνστησάμενος.
[4] To him the agreeable duty has been assigned; the part that is almost always offensive remains for me. If as a safeguard against such offence, I avoid the relation of my own achievements, I shall seem to be unable to refute the charges alleged against me, or to establish my claim to any public distinction. Yet, if I address myself to what I have done, and to the part I have taken in politics, I shall often be obliged to speak about myself. Well, I will endeavor to do so with all possible modesty; and let the man who has initiated this controversy bear the blame of the egoism which the conditions force upon me.
[5] οἶμαι δ᾽ ὑμᾶς, ὦ ἄνδρες Ἀθηναῖοι, πάντας ἂν ὁμολογῆσαι κοινὸν εἶναι τουτονὶ τὸν ἀγῶν᾽ ἐμοὶ καὶ Κτησιφῶντι καὶ οὐδὲν ἐλάττονος ἄξιον σπουδῆς ἐμοί: πάντων μὲν γὰρ ἀποστερεῖσθαι λυπηρόν ἐστι καὶ χαλεπόν, ἄλλως τε κἂν ὑπ᾽ ἐχθροῦ τῳ τοῦτο συμβαίνῃ, μάλιστα δὲ τῆς παρ᾽ ὑμῶν εὐνοίας καὶ φιλανθρωπίας, ὅσῳπερ καὶ τὸ τυχεῖν τούτων μέγιστόν ἐστιν.
[5] You must all be agreed, men of Athens, that in these proceedings I am concerned equally with Ctesiphon, and that they require from me no less serious consideration. Any loss, especially if inflicted by private animosity, is hard to bear; but to lose your goodwill and kindness is the most painful of all losses, as to gain them is the best of all acquisitions.
[6] περὶ τούτων δ᾽ ὄντος τουτουὶ τοῦ ἀγῶνος ἀξιῶ καὶ δέομαι πάντων ὁμοίως ὑμῶν ἀκοῦσαί μου π
ερὶ τῶν κατηγορημένων ἀπολογουμένου δικαίως, ὥσπερ οἱ νόμοι κελεύουσιν, οὓς ὁ τιθεὶς ἐξ ἀρχῆς Σόλων, εὔνους ὢν ὑμῖν καὶ δημοτικός, οὐ μόνον τῷ γράψαι κυρίους ᾤετο δεῖν εἶναι, ἀλλὰ καὶ τῷ τοὺς δικάζοντας ὀμωμοκέναι, οὐκ ἀπιστῶν ὑμῖν,
[6] Such being the issues at stake, I implore you all alike to listen to my defence against the accusations laid, in a spirit of justice. So the laws enjoin — the laws which Solon, who first framed them, a good democrat and friend of the people, thought it right to validate not only by their enactment but by the oath of the jury;
[7] ὥς γ᾽ ἐμοὶ φαίνεται, ἀλλ᾽ ὁρῶν ὅτι τὰς αἰτίας καὶ τὰς διαβολάς, αἷς ἐκ τοῦ πρότερος λέγειν ὁ διώκων ἰσχύει, οὐκ ἔνι τῷ φεύγοντι παρελθεῖν, εἰ μὴ τῶν δικαζόντων ἕκαστος ὑμῶν τὴν πρὸς τοὺς θεοὺς εὐσέβειαν φυλάττων καὶ τὰ τοῦ λέγοντος ὑστέρου δίκαια εὐνοϊκῶς προσδέξεται, καὶ παρασχὼν αὑτὸν ἴσον καὶ κοινὸν ἀμφοτέροις ἀκροατὴν οὕτω τὴν διάγνωσιν ποιήσεται περὶ ἁπάντων.