by Demosthenes
[46] ‘μὴ νῦν,’ ὑπολαβὼν Αἰσχίνης οὑτοσί, ‘μὴ νῦν ἀφίστασο,’ ἔφη, ‘ἀλλ᾽ ὅπως τότε μὴ προσποιήσει.’ ‘νὴ Δί᾽, ἢ ἀδικήσω γ᾽,’ ἔφην. ἐπαναστὰς δ᾽ ὁ Φιλοκράτης μάλ᾽ ὑβριστικῶς ‘οὐδὲν,’ ἔφη, ‘θαυμαστόν, ὦ ἄνδρες Ἀθηναῖοι, μὴ ταὔτ᾽ ἐμοὶ καὶ Δημοσθένει δοκεῖν: οὗτος μὲν γὰρ ὕδωρ, ἐγὼ δ᾽ οἶνον πίνω.’ καὶ ὑμεῖς ἐγελᾶτε.
[46] “Not now,” said Aeschines, interrupting me, “do not stand aside now; only do not put in your claim then.” “Agreed;” said I, “if I do, I shall be in the wrong.” Then Philocrates rose, and said, in a very supercilious manner: “No wonder Demosthenes and I disagree, men of Athens. He drinks water; I drink wine.” And then you all laughed.
[47] σκέψασθε δὴ τὸ ψήφισμα, ὃ δίδωσι γράψας μετὰ ταῦθ᾽ ὁ Φιλοκράτης: ἀκοῦσαι μὲν γὰρ οὑτωσὶ παγκάλως ἔχει: ἐπειδὰν δὲ τοὺς καιροὺς συλλογίσηταί τις ἐφ᾽ ὧν ἐγράφη, καὶ τὰς ὑποσχέσεις ἃς οὗτος ὑπισχνεῖτο τότε, οὐδὲν ἄλλο φανήσονται πλὴν παραδόντες Φιλίππῳ καὶ Θηβαίοις Φωκέας, μόνον οὐκ ὀπίσω τὼ χεῖρε δήσαντες. λέγε τὸ ψήφισμα.”Ψήφισμα”
[47] Now look at the decree, which Philocrates afterwards drafted and handed to the clerk. It sounds well enough to the ear; but if you will take into account the occasion on which it was proposed, and the promises which Aeschines was making at the time, it will be clear that they were simply handing over the Phocians to Philip and the Thebans — I might almost say, with shackles on their wrists. Read the decree.” Decree”
[48] ὁρᾶτ᾽, ὦ ἄνδρες Ἀθηναῖοι, τὸ ψήφισμα, ὅσων ἐπαίνων καὶ ὅσης εὐφημίας μεστόν ἐστι, καὶ ‘τὴν εἰρήνην εἶναι τὴν αὐτὴν ἥνπερ Φιλίππῳ καὶ τοῖς ἐγγόνοις, καὶ τὴν συμμαχίαν,’ καὶ ‘ἐπαινέσαι δὲ Φίλιππον, ὅτι ἐπαγγέλλεται τὰ δίκαια ποιήσειν.’ ἀλλ᾽ οὐδὲν ἐκεῖνός γ᾽ ἐπηγγέλλετο, ἀλλὰ τοσούτου γ᾽ ἔδει ἐπαγγέλλεσθαι ὥστ᾽ οὐδ᾽ εἰδέναι φησὶ τί ἂν ποιῶν ὑμῖν χαρίσαιτο.
[48] You observe, men of Athens, how full the decree is of compliments and fine phrases; that it provides that the peace, and also the alliance, made with Philip shall be extended to his posterity; and that thanks are given to Philip for his promise of just dealings. But it was not Philip who had made any promises; so far from promising he says that he does not know what to do to oblige you.
[49] ἀλλ᾽ οὗτος ἦν ὁ λέγων ὑπὲρ αὐτοῦ καὶ ὑπισχνούμενος. πρὸς δὲ τοὺς παρὰ τούτου λόγους ὡρμηκότας λαβὼν ὑμᾶς ὁ Φιλοκράτης ἐγγράφει τοῦτ᾽ εἰς τὸ ψήφισμα, ‘ἐὰν δὲ μὴ ποιῶσι Φωκεῖς ἃ δεῖ καὶ παραδιδῶσι τοῖς Ἀμφικτύοσιν τὸ ἱερόν, ὅτι βοηθήσει ὁ δῆμος ὁ Ἀθηναίων ἐπὶ τοὺς διακωλύοντας ταῦτα γίγνεσθαι.’
[49] It was Aeschines who was Philip’s spokesman and gave undertakings. Then Philocrates, taking advantage of your ready acceptance of Aeschines’ words, inserts in the decree a clause providing that, if the Phocians should not do what was right and give up the temple to the Amphictyonic Council, the Athenian people should send a force to coerce the recalcitrants.
[50] οὐκοῦν, ἄνδρες Ἀθηναῖοι, μενόντων μὲν ὑμῶν οἴκοι καὶ οὐκ ἐξεληλυθότων, ἀπεληλυθότων δὲ τῶν Λακεδαιμονίων καὶ προῃσθημένων τὴν ἀπάτην, οὐδενὸς δ᾽ ἄλλου παρόντος τῶν Ἀμφικτυόνων πλὴν Θετταλῶν καὶ Θηβαίων, εὐφημότατ᾽ ἀνθρώπων τούτοις παραδοῦναι γέγραφεν τὸ ἱερὸν γράψας τοῖς Ἀμφικτύοσιν παραδοῦναι （ποίοις; οὐ γὰρ ἦσαν αὐτόθι πλὴν Θηβαῖοι καὶ Θετταλοί）, ἀλλ᾽ οὐ ‘συγκαλέσαι δὲ τοὺς Ἀμφικτύονας,’ οὐδ᾽ ‘ἐπισχεῖν ἕως ἂν συλλεγῶσιν,’ οὐδὲ ‘βοηθεῖν Πρόξενον εἰς Φωκέας,’ οὐδ᾽ ‘ἐξιέναι Ἀθηναίους,’ οὐδὲ τοιοῦτ᾽ οὐδέν.
[50] And so, men of Athens, as you stayed at home instead of taking the field, as the Lacedaemonians had discerned Philip’s treachery and withdrawn, and as no members of the Council were on the spot except the Thessalians and the Thebans, he really has proposed, with the utmost civility, to hand the temple over to them. The wording is, “to the Amphictyons;” but what Amphictyons? There were none there except Thessalians and Thebans. He makes no such proposal as that the Amphictyonic Council should be convened, or that operations should be suspended until it meets, or that Proxenus should march against the Phocians, or that the Athenians should take the field.
[51] καίτοι καὶ ἐπιστολὰς ἔπεμψ᾽ ὁ Φίλιππος δύο καλούσας ὑμᾶς, οὐχ ἵν᾽ ἐξέλθητε: πώμαλα: οὐ γὰρ ἄν ποτε τοὺς χρόνους ἀνελών, ἐν οἷς ἐδυνήθητ᾽ ἂν ἐξελθεῖν, τηνικαῦτ᾽ ἐκάλει: οὐδ᾽ ἂν ἐμέ, ἡνίκα δεῦρ᾽ ἀποπλεῖν ἐβουλόμην, κατεκώλυεν: οὐδὲ τοιαῦτα λέγειν τούτῳ προσέταττεν, ἐξ ὧν ἥκισθ᾽ ὑμεῖς ἐμέλλετ᾽ ἐξιέναι: ἀλλ᾽ ἵνα, ἃ ἐβούλεσθ᾽ οἰόμενοι πράξειν αὐτόν, μηδὲν ἐναντίον ψηφίσησθ᾽ αὐτῷ, μηδ᾽ ἀμύναιντο μηδ᾽ ἀντέχοιεν οἱ Φωκεῖς ἐπὶ ταῖς παρ᾽ ὑμῶν ὑπέχοντες ἐλπίσιν, ἀλλ᾽ ἀπογνόντες ἅπανθ᾽ αὑτοὺς ἐγχειρίσαιεν. λέγε δ᾽ αὐτοῖς αὐτὰς τὰς ἐπιστολὰς τὰς τοῦ Φιλίππου.”Ἐπιστολαί”
[51] Philip, however, did send you two letters of summons. Yes, but not with the intention that you should take the field. That is certain; otherwise he would not have destroyed your opportunity of going out before he summoned you, nor would he have detained me when I wanted to sail home, nor ordered Aeschines to make statements calculated to deter you from going out. No, his object was that you, in the belief that he would do all that you wanted, should make no decree prejudicial to him, and the Phocians might not stand their ground and hold out in reliance upon hopes afforded by you, but might make unconditional surrender to him in sheer desperation. Read Philip’s actual letters.” Letters”
[52] αἱ μὲν τοίνυν ἐπιστολαὶ καλοῦσιν αὗται, καὶ νὴ Δί᾽ ἤδη γε: τούτοις δ᾽, εἴπερ ἦν ὑγιές τι τούτων, τί ἄλλο προσῆκεν ἢ συνειπεῖν ὅπως ἐξέλθηθ᾽ ὑμεῖς, καὶ τὸν Πρόξενον ὃν περὶ τοὺς τόπους ᾔδεσαν ὄντα γράφειν εὐθέως βοηθεῖν; πάντα τοίνυν τἀναντία τούτων φαίνονται πεποιηκότες. εἰκότως: οὐ γὰρ οἷς ἐπέστελλε προσεῖχον τὸν νοῦν, ἀλλ᾽ ἃ φρονῶν ταῦτ᾽ ἔγραφεν συνῄδεσαν: τούτοις οὖν συνέπραττον καὶ τούτοις συνηγωνίζοντο.
[52] These letters, then, do summon you, — yes, indeed, at last! But if there had been any honesty in the letters, it was clearly the duty of these men to exhort you to take the field, and to propose that Proxenus, whom they knew to be in those parts, should a
t once march to the aid of Philip. Their actual policy was very different. Naturally; for they did not apply their minds to the phrasing of the letter; they were in the secret of the intention with which it was written, and with that intention they concurred and cooperated.
[53] οἱ μὲν τοίνυν Φωκεῖς, ὡς τὰ παρ᾽ ὑμῶν ἐπύθοντ᾽ ἐκ τῆς ἐκκλησίας καὶ τό τε ψήφισμα τοῦτ᾽ ἔλαβον τὸ τοῦ Φιλοκράτους καὶ τὴν ἀπαγγελίαν ἐπύθοντο τὴν τούτου καὶ τὰς ὑποσχέσεις, κατὰ πάντας τοὺς τρόπους ἀπώλοντο. σκοπεῖτε γάρ. ἦσαν ἀπιστοῦντές τινες αὐτόθι τῷ Φιλίππῳ καὶ νοῦν ἔχοντες: οὗτοι πιστεύειν ὑπήχθησαν. διὰ τί; ὅτι ἡγοῦντο, οὐδ᾽ εἰ δεκάκις Φίλιππος αὐτοὺς ἐξηπάτα, οὐδέποτ᾽ ἂν τούς γ᾽ Ἀθηναίων πρέσβεις Ἀθηναίους ἐξαπατᾶν τολμῆσαι, ἀλλ᾽ εἶναι ταῦτ᾽ ἀληθῆ ἃ οὗτος ἀπήγγελλε πρὸς ὑμᾶς, καὶ τοῖς Θηβαίοις ἥκειν, οὐχ αὑτοῖς ὄλεθρον.
[53] When therefore the Phocians learned your policy from the proceedings of the Assembly, received the decree of Philocrates, and were informed of the report and promises of Aeschines, their ruin was complete. Just consider. There were some men in Phocis, sensible men, who had no confidence in Philip. They were induced to trust him. Why? Because they conceived that, though Philip had deceived them ten times over, he would never have dared to deceive Athenians and envoys of the Athenian people, that the report of Aeschines was true, and that destruction had overtaken not themselves but the Thebans.
[54] ἦσαν ἄλλοι τινὲς οἳ πάσχειν ὁτιοῦν καὶ ἀμύνεσθαι δεῖν ᾤοντο: ἀλλὰ καὶ τούτους μαλακοὺς ἐποίησε τὸ τὸν Φίλιππον ὑπάρχειν αὐτοῖς πεισθῆναι, καὶ τὸ ταῦτ᾽ εἰ μὴ ποιήσουσιν ὑμᾶς ἐπ᾽ αὐτοὺς ἥξειν, οὓς βοηθήσειν αὑτοῖς ἤλπιζον ἐκεῖνοι. ἀλλὰ καὶ μεταμέλειν ὑμῖν ᾤοντό τινες πεποιημένοις τὴν πρὸς Φίλιππον εἰρήνην: τούτοις ὅτι καὶ τοῖς ἐγγόνοις τὴν αὐτὴν ἐψηφίσασθ᾽ ἐπέδειξαν, ὥστε πανταχῇ τὰ παρ᾽ ὑμῶν ἀπογνωσθῆναι. διόπερ ταῦτα πάντ᾽ εἰς ἓν ψήφισμα συνεσκεύασαν.
[54] There were others who were ready at all hazards to hold out to the end; but even they were mollified by the persuasion that Philip was their friend, and that, if they refused compliance, you, from whom they were expecting succor, would turn against them. A third party supposed that you regretted your treaty of peace with Philip; but they were now informed that you had actually decreed an extension of the treaty to Philip’s descendants, and so they abandoned all hope of your assistance. And that is why these men packed all those provisions into one decree.
[55] ὃ καὶ μέγιστον ἔμοιγε δοκοῦσιν ἁπάντων ὑμᾶς ἠδικηκέναι: τὸ γὰρ πρὸς ἄνδρα θνητὸν καὶ διὰ καιρούς τινας ἰσχύοντα γράφοντας εἰρήνην ἀθάνατον συνθέσθαι τὴν κατὰ τῆς πόλεως αἰσχύνην, καὶ ἀποστερῆσαι μὴ μόνον τῶν ἄλλων, ἀλλὰ καὶ τῶν παρὰ τῆς τύχης εὐεργεσιῶν τὴν πόλιν, καὶ τοσαύτῃ περιουσίᾳ χρήσασθαι πονηρίας ὥστε μὴ μόνον τοὺς ὄντας Ἀθηναίους, ἀλλὰ καὶ τοὺς ὕστερόν ποτε μέλλοντας ἔσεσθαι πάντας ἠδικηκέναι, πῶς οὐχὶ πάνδεινόν ἐστι;
[55] In my judgement they could not have done you a more grievous injury. To turn their treaty of peace with a mortal man, a mere potentate of occasion, into a covenant of immortal ignominy for the commonwealth; to strip their city of all she had, even of the largess of her good fortune; in the veriest extravagance of malice to heap injuries not only on the Athenians of today but upon all who shall hereafter be Athenians, — is not that an appalling iniquity?
[56] τοῦτο τοίνυν οὐδέποθ᾽ ὑμεῖς ὑπεμείνατ᾽ ἂν ὕστερον προσγράψαι πρὸς τὴν εἰρήνην, τὸ καὶ τοῖς ἐγγόνοις, εἰ μὴ ταῖς παρ᾽ Αἰσχίνου ῥηθείσαις ὑποσχέσεσιν τότ᾽ ἐπιστεύσατε, αἷσπερ οἱ Φωκεῖς πιστεύσαντες ἀπώλοντο. καὶ γάρ τοι παραδόντες αὑτοὺς Φιλίππῳ καὶ ἑκόντες ἐγχειρίσαντες ἐκείνῳ τὰς πόλεις ἁπάντων τῶν ἐναντίων ὧν πρὸς ὑμᾶς οὗτος ἀπήγγειλ᾽ ἔτυχον.
[56] Never would you have consented to add to the treaty by afterthought the words “and to his posterity,” but for your confidence in the promises alleged by Aeschines. In those promises the Phocians confided, — and perished! They surrendered themselves to Philip; of their own accord they put their cities at his mercy; and their treatment has exactly contradicted all the assurances of Aeschines.
[57] ἵνα δ᾽ εἰδῆτε σαφῶς ὅτι ταῦθ᾽ οὕτω καὶ διὰ τούτους ἀπόλωλε, τοὺς χρόνους ὑμῖν λογιοῦμαι καθ᾽ οὓς ἐγίγνεθ᾽ ἕκαστα. περὶ ὧν δ᾽ ἄν τις ἀντιλέγῃ τούτων, ἀναστὰς ἐν τῷ ἐμῷ ὕδατι εἰπάτω. ἡ μὲν τοίνυν εἰρήνη ἐλαφηβολιῶνος ἐνάτῃ ἐπὶ δέκα ἐγένετο, ἀπεδημήσαμεν δ᾽ ἡμεῖς ἐπὶ τοὺς ὅρκους τρεῖς μῆνας ὅλους: καὶ τοῦτον ἅπαντα τὸν χρόνον ἦσαν οἱ Φωκεῖς σῷοι.
[57] To give you the clearest proof that that destruction was effected in this way by the contrivance of these men, I will submit a reckoning of the dates of the several transactions. If any of the defendants challenges my calculation, let him stand up and speak in the time allotted to me. Now the treaty was made on the nineteenth of Elaphebolion, and we were abroad receiving the oaths for three entire months. During the whole of that time the Phocians were safe.
[58] ἥκομεν δὲ δεῦρ᾽ ἀπὸ τῆς πρεσβείας τῆς ἐπὶ τοὺς ὅρκους τρίτῃ ἐπὶ δέκα τοῦ σκιροφοριῶνος μηνός, καὶ παρῆν ὁ Φίλιππος ἐν Πύλαις ἤδη καὶ τοῖς Φωκεῦσιν ἐπηγγέλλετο ὧν οὐδὲν ἐπίστευον ἐκεῖνοι. σημεῖον δέ: οὐ γὰρ ἂν δεῦρ᾽ ἧκον ὡς ὑμᾶς. ἡ δ᾽ ἐκκλησία μετὰ ταῦτα, ἐν ᾗ πάντα τὰ πράγματ᾽ ἀπώλεσαν οὗτοι ψευσάμενοι καὶ φενακίσαντες ὑμᾶς, τῇ ἕκτῃ ἐπὶ δέκα ἐγίγνετο τοῦ σκιροφοριῶνος.
[58] We returned from the oath-taking embassy on the thirteenth of Scirophorion, when Philip was already at Thermopylae and making promises to the Phocians which they were not disposed to believe. The proof of that is that otherwise they would not have resorted to you. Then the Assembly, at which these men brought the whole business to ruin with their lies and cajolery, was held on the sixteenth of Scirophorion.
[59] ἀπὸ τοίνυν ταύτης πεμπταῖα λογίζομαι τὰ παρ᾽ ὑμῶν ἐν τοῖς Φωκεῦσι γενέσθαι: παρῆσαν γὰρ οἱ τῶν Φωκέων πρέσβεις ἐνθάδε, καὶ ἦν αὐτοῖς καὶ τί ἀπαγγελοῦσιν οὗτοι καὶ τί ψηφιεῖσθ᾽ ὑμεῖς ἐπιμελές. οὐκοῦν εἰκάς, ᾗ τίθεμεν πυθέσθαι τοὺς Φωκέας τὰ παρ᾽ ὑμῶν: ἀπὸ γὰρ τῆς ἕκτης εἰς ταύτην πέμπτη γίγνεται. ὑστέρα
τοίνυν δεκάτη, ἐνάτη, ὀγδόη: ταύτῃ ἐγίγνονθ᾽ αἱ σπονδαί, καὶ πάντα τἀκεῖ πράγματ᾽ ἀπωλώλει καὶ τέλος εἶχεν.
[59] Now I calculate that the news from Athens reached the Phocians on the fourth day after that date, for there were Phocian envoys in the city, and they were interested in knowing what report these men would submit and what decree you would adopt. Therefore the twentieth was the day on which we reckon that the Phocians received the news, that is, the fourth day after the sixteenth. Then followed the twenty-first, twenty-second, twenty-third; and on the twenty-third the convention was made, and the fortunes of Phocis perished and came to an end.
[60] τῷ τοῦτο δῆλον; τῇ τετράδι φθίνοντος ἠκκλησιάζετε μὲν τόθ᾽ ὑμεῖς ἐν Πειραιεῖ περὶ τῶν ἐν τοῖς νεωρίοις, ἧκε δὲ Δερκύλος ἐκ Χαλκίδος καὶ ἀπήγγελλεν ὑμῖν ὅτι πάντα τὰ πράγματ᾽ ἐγκεχείρικε Θηβαίοις ὁ Φίλιππος, καὶ πέμπτην εἶναι ταύτην ἡμέραν ἐλογίζετ᾽ ἀφ᾽ οὗ γεγόνασιν αἱ σπονδαί. ὀγδόη τοίνυν, ἑβδόμη, ἕκτη, πέμπτη, τετράς: αὐτὸ συμβαίνει εἰς ταύτην εἶναι πέμπτην. οὐκοῦν τοῖς χρόνοις, οἷς ἀπήγγελλον, οἷς ἔγραφον, πᾶσιν ἐξελέγχονται συνηγωνισμένοι Φιλίππῳ καὶ συναίτιοι γεγονότες τοῦ τῶν Φωκέων ὀλέθρου.