by Demosthenes
[291] who, when Aristophon prosecuted Philonicus, and in denouncing him denounced your own policy, joined in the attack upon you, and so ranged himself with your enemies? After terrifying the people, and telling them that they must go down to Peiraeus at once, pay the war-tax and turn the theatric fund into a war-chest, or else vote for the resolution that was supported by Aeschines and moved by that abominable Philocrates, with the result that we got a discreditable instead of an equitable peace,
[292] οὗτοι δὲ τοῖς μετὰ ταῦτ᾽ ἀδικήμασι πάντ᾽ ἀπολωλέκασι, τηνικαῦτα διήλλαξαι; καὶ ἐν μὲν τῷ δήμῳ κατηρῶ Φιλίππῳ καὶ κατὰ τῶν παίδων ὤμνυες ἦ μὴν ἀπολωλέναι Φίλιππον ἂν βούλεσθαι: νῦν δὲ βοηθήσεις τούτῳ; πῶς οὖν ἀπολεῖται, ὅταν τοὺς παρ᾽ ἐκείνου δωροδοκοῦντας σὺ σῴζῃς;
[292] and after all the ruin that has been wrought by their subsequent misdeeds, are you reconciled with them after that? In the Assembly you solemnly cursed Philip; you swore by the head of your children that you desired his utter destruction, and will you now be the defender of Aeschines? How can Philip be utterly destroyed, if you rescue the men who take his bribes?
[293] τί γὰρ δήποτε Μοιροκλέα μὲν ἔκρινες, εἰ παρὰ τῶν τὰ μέταλλ᾽ ἐωνημένων εἴκοσιν ἐξέλεξεν δραχμὰς παρ᾽ ἑκάστου, καὶ Κηφισοφῶντα γραφὴν ἱερῶν χρημάτων ἐδίωκες, εἰ τρισὶν ὕστερον ἡμέραις ἐπὶ τὴν τράπεζαν ἔθηκεν ἑπτὰ μνᾶς: τοὺς δ᾽ ἔχοντας, ὁμολογοῦντας, ἐξελεγχομένους ἐπ᾽ αὐτοφώρῳ ἐπὶ τῷ τῶν συμμάχων ὀλέθρῳ ταῦτα πεποιηκότας, τούτους οὐ κρίνεις, ἀλλὰ καὶ σῴζειν κελεύεις;
[293] Why did you prosecute Moerocles, because he had extorted twenty drachmas apiece from the lessees of the silver-mines; why did you indict Cephisophon for misappropriating sacred funds, because he was three days late in paying seven minas into the bank, if, instead of prosecuting, you now try to rescue men who have confessed, who have been caught in the act, who are convicted of taking bribes for the destruction of our allies?
[294] καὶ μὴν ὅτι ταῦτα μέν ἐστιν φοβερὰ καὶ προνοίας καὶ φυλακῆς πολλῆς δεόμενα, ἐφ᾽ οἷς δ᾽ ἐκείνους σὺ ἔκρινες, γέλως, ἐκείνως ὄψεσθε. ἦσαν ἐν Ἤλιδι κλέπτοντες τὰ κοινά τινες; καὶ μάλ᾽ εἰκός γε. ἔστιν οὖν ὅστις μετέσχεν αὐτόθι νῦν τούτων τοῦ καταλῦσαι τὸν δῆμον; οὐδὲ εἷς. τί δ᾽; ἐν Μεγάροις οὐκ οἴεσθ᾽ εἶναί τινα καὶ κλέπτην καὶ μὲν οἴομαι. ἆρ᾽ οὖν διὰ τούτους ἀπώλετ᾽ Ὄλυνθος; οὔ. τί δ᾽; ἐν Μεγάροις οὐκ οἴεσθ᾽ εἶναί τινα καὶ κλέπτην καὶ παρεκλέγοντα τὰ κοινά; ἀνάγκη. καὶ πέφηνέ τις αἴτιος αὐτόθι νῦν τούτων τῶν συμβεβηκότων πραγμάτων; οὐδὲ εἷς.
[294] Yes, these are formidable offences, calling for the utmost vigilance and precaution; while the charges you brought against those two men were comparatively ludicrous, as these considerations will show. Were there any persons in Elis who embezzled public money? In all probability, yes. Did any one of them take part in the recent overthrow of free government there?
[295] ἀλλὰ ποῖοί τινες οἱ τὰ τηλικαῦτα καὶ τοιαῦτ᾽ ἀδικοῦντες; οἱ νομίζοντες αὑτοὺς ἀξιόχρεως εἶναι τοῦ Φιλίππου ξένοι καὶ φίλοι προσαγορεύεσθαι, οἱ στρατηγιῶντες καὶ προστασίας ἀξιούμενοι, οἱ μείζους τῶν πολλῶν οἰόμενοι δεῖν εἶναι. οὐ Πέριλλος ἐκρίνετ᾽ ἔναγχος ἐν Μεγάροις ἐν τοῖς τριακοσίοις, ὅτι πρὸς Φίλιππον ἀφίκετο, καὶ παρελθὼν Πτοιόδωρος αὐτὸν ἐξῃτήσατο, καὶ πλούτῳ καὶ γένει καὶ δόξῃ πρῶτος Μεγαρέων, καὶ πάλιν ὡς Φίλιππον ἐξέπεμψε, καὶ μετὰ ταῦθ᾽ ὁ μὲν ἧκεν ἄγων τοὺς ξένους, ὁ δ᾽ ἔνδον ἐτύρευε; τοιαῦτα.
[295] Not one. When there was still such a city as Olynthus, were there any thieves there? I take it there were. Did Olynthus perish through their sins? No. Do you suppose there were no thieves and pilferers of public funds in Megara? There must have been such. Has any one of them been shown to be responsible for the present political troubles there? Not one. Then who are the people who commit these monstrous crimes? Persons who fancy themselves important enough to be called friends of Philip, men itching for military commands and eager for political distinction, men who claim superiority over the common herd. At Megara the other day was not Perillus tried before the Three Hundred on a charge of visiting Philip? And did not Ptoeodorus, the first man in all Megara for wealth, birth, and reputation, come forward and beg him off, and then send him back to Philip? The sequel was that one of the pair returned with an alien army at his back, while the other was hatching the plot at home. Take that as a specimen.
[296] οὐ γὰρ ἔστιν, οὐκ ἔσθ᾽ ὅ τι τῶν πάντων μᾶλλον εὐλαβεῖσθαι δεῖ ἢ τὸ μείζω τινὰ τῶν πολλῶν ἐᾶν γίγνεσθαι. μή μοι σῳζέσθω μηδ᾽ ἀπολλύσθω μηδείς, ἂν ὁ δεῖνα βούληται, ἀλλ᾽ ὃν ἂν τὰ πεπραγμένα σῴζῃ καὶ τοὐναντίον, τούτῳ τῆς προσηκούσης ψήφου παρ᾽ ὑμῶν ὑπαρχέτω τυγχάνειν: τοῦτο γάρ ἐστι δημοτικόν.
[296] Indeed, there is no danger, no danger whatsoever, that requires more anxious vigilance than allowing any man to become stronger than the people. Let no man be delivered, and let no man be destroyed, merely because this man or that so desires; let hem who is delivered or destroyed by the evidence of facts be entitled to receive from this court the verdict that is his due. That is the democratic principle.
[297] ἔτι τοίνυν πολλοὶ παρ᾽ ὑμῖν ἐπὶ καιρῶν γεγόνασιν ἰσχυροί, Καλλίστρατος, αὖθις Ἀριστοφῶν, Διόφαντος, τούτων ἕτεροι πρότερον. ἀλλὰ ποῦ τούτων ἕκαστος ἐπρώτευεν; ἐν τῷ δήμῳ: ἐν δὲ τοῖς δικαστηρίοις οὐδείς πω μέχρι τῆς τήμερον ἡμέρας ὑμῶν οὐδὲ τῶν νόμων οὐδὲ τῶν ὅρκων κρείττων γέγονεν. μὴ τοίνυν μηδὲ νῦν τοῦτον ἐάσητε. ὅτι γὰρ ταῦτα φυλάττοισθ᾽ ἂν εἰκότως μᾶλλον ἢ πιστεύοιτε, τῶν θεῶν ὑμῖν μαντείαν ἀναγνώσομαι, οἵπερ ἀεὶ σῴζουσι τὴν πόλιν πολλῷ τῶν προεστηκότων μᾶλλον. λέγε τὰς μαντείας.”Μαντείαι”
[297] Furthermore, at Athens many men have upon occasion risen to power — the great Callistratus, for instance, Aristophon, Diophantus, and others of earlier date. But what was the field of their supremacy? The popular assembly. In courts of justice no man to this day has ever been superior to the people, or to the laws, or to the judicial oath. Then permit no such superiority to Aeschines today. To enforce the warning that it is better to take those precautions than to be credulous, I will read to you an oracle of the gods, — to whom Athens owes her salvation far more than to her most prominent politicians. Read the oracles.” Oracles”
[298] ἀκούετ᾽, ὦ ἄνδρες Ἀθηναῖοι, τῶν θεῶν �
�ἷ᾽ ὑμῖν προλέγουσιν. εἰ μὲν τοίνυν πολεμούντων ὑμῶν ταῦτ᾽ ἀνῃρήκασι, τοὺς στρατηγοὺς λέγουσι φυλάττεσθαι: πολέμου γάρ εἰσιν ἡγεμόνες οἱ στρατηγοί: εἰ δὲ πεποιημένων εἰρήνην, τοὺς ἐπὶ τῆς πολιτείας ἐφεστηκότας: οὗτοι γὰρ ἡγοῦνται, τούτοις πείθεσθ᾽ ὑμεῖς, ὑπὸ τούτων δέος ἐστὶ μὴ παρακρουσθῆτε. ‘καὶ τὴν πόλιν συνέχειν φησὶν ἐν τῇ μαντείᾳ, ὅπως ἂν μίαν γνώμην ἔχωσιν ἅπαντες καὶ μὴ τοῖς ἐχθροῖς ἡδονὴν ποιῶσι.’
[298] Men of Athens, you hear the admonitions of the gods. If they are addressed to you in time of war, they bid you beware of your commanders, for commanders are the leaders of warfare; if after conclusion of peace, of your statesmen, for they are your leaders, they have your obedience, by them you may haply be deceived. The oracle also bids you keep the commonwealth together, that all may be of one mind, and may not gratify the enemy.
[299] πότερ᾽ οὖν οἴεσθ᾽ ἄν, ὦ ἄνδρες Ἀθηναῖοι, τὸν τοσαῦτα κάκ᾽ εἰργασμένον σωθέντα, ἢ δίκην δόντα, ἡδονὴν Φιλίππῳ ποιῆσαι; ἐγὼ μὲν οἴομαι σωθέντα. φησὶ δέ γ᾽ ἡ μαντεία δεῖν ὅπως ἂν μὴ χαίρωσιν οἱ ἐχθροὶ ποιεῖν. ἅπασι τοίνυν μιᾷ γνώμῃ παρακελεύεται κολάζειν τοὺς ὑπηρετηκότας τι τοῖς ἐχθροῖς ὁ Ζεύς, ἡ Διώνη, πάντες οἱ θεοί. ἔξωθεν οἱ ἐπιβουλεύοντες, ἔνδοθεν οἱ συμπράττοντες. οὐκοῦν τῶν ἐπιβουλευόντων μὲν ἔργον διδόναι, τῶν συμπραττόντων δὲ λαμβάνειν καὶ τοὺς εἰληφότας ἐκσῴζειν.
[299] What do you think, men of Athens? Will Philip be gratified by the deliverance or by the punishment of the man who has done all this mischief? By his deliverance surely; but the oracle bids you strive that the enemy shall not rejoice. Therefore, you are all exhorted by Zeus, by Dione, by all the gods, to punish with one mind those who have made themselves the servants of your enemies. There are foes without; there are traitors within. It is the business of foes to give bribes, of traitors to take bribes, and to rescue those who have taken them.
[300] ἔτι τοίνυν κἂν ἀπ᾽ ἀνθρωπίνου λογισμοῦ τοῦτ᾽ ἴδοι τις, ὅτι πάντων ἐχθρότατον καὶ φοβερώτατον τὸ τὸν προεστηκότ᾽ ἐᾶν οἰκεῖον γίγνεσθαι τοῖς μὴ τῶν αὐτῶν ἐπιθυμοῦσι τῷ δήμῳ. τίσι γὰρ τῶν πραγμάτων ἐγκρατὴς γέγονεν Φίλιππος ἁπάντων, καὶ τίσιν τὰ μέγιστα κατείργασται τῶν πεπραγμένων, σκέψασθε. τῷ παρὰ τῶν πωλούντων τὰς πράξεις ὠνεῖσθαι, τῷ τοὺς προεστηκότας ἐν ταῖς πόλεσιν διαφθείρειν καὶ ἐπαίρειν, τούτοις.
[300] Moreover, it can be shown by mere human reasoning that it is extremely injurious and dangerous to permit the intimacy of a prominent statesman with men whose purposes are at variance with those of the people. If you will consider by what means Philip acquired his political supremacy and performed his most signal achievements, you will find that it was by buying treachery from willing sellers, and by corrupting leading politicians and stimulating their ambition.
[301] ταῦτα τοίνυν ἐφ᾽ ὑμῖν ἐστιν ἀμφότερα, ἐὰν βούλησθε, ἀχρεῖα ποιῆσαι τήμερον, ἂν τῶν μὲν μὴ ‘θέλητ᾽ ἀκούειν τοῖς τοιούτοις συνηγορούντων, ἀλλ᾽ ἐπιδείξητ᾽ ἀκύρους ὄντας ὑμῶν （νῦν γάρ φασιν εἶναι κύριοι）, τὸν δὲ πεπρακόθ᾽ ἑαυτὸν κολάσητε, καὶ τοῦθ᾽ ἅπαντες ἴδωσιν.
[301] Both these practices it is within your power, if you so choose, to frustrate today, if you will first refuse to listen to the defenders of treachery, and prove that they cannot exercise that authority over you of which they boast, and then punish before the eyes of the world the man who has traitorously sold himself.
[302] παντὶ μὲν γὰρ εἰκότως ἂν ὀργισθείητ᾽, ὦ ἄνδρες Ἀθηναῖοι, τοιαῦτα πεποιηκότι καὶ προδεδωκότι συμμάχους καὶ φίλους καὶ καιρούς, μεθ᾽ ὧν ἢ καλῶς ἢ κακῶς ἑκάστοις ἔχει τὰ πάντα, οὐ μὴν οὐδενὶ μᾶλλον οὐδὲ δικαιότερον ἢ τούτῳ. ὃς γὰρ ἑαυτὸν τάξας τῶν ἀπιστούντων εἶναι Φιλίππῳ, καὶ μόνος καὶ πρῶτος ἰδὼν ὅτι κοινὸς ἐχθρὸς ἐκεῖνός ἐστιν ἁπάντων τῶν Ἑλλήνων, ηὐτομόλησε καὶ προὔδωκε καὶ γέγονεν ἐξαίφνης ὑπὲρ Φιλίππου, πῶς οὐ πολλάκις οὗτος ἄξιός ἐστ᾽ ἀπολωλέναι;
[302] You have good reason, men of Athens, to be indignant with every man who by such conduct has thrown overboard your allies, your friends, and those opportunities on which, for any nation, success or failure depends, but with no man more fiercely or more righteously than with Aeschines. For a man who once ranged himself with those who distrusted Philip, and made unassisted the first discovery of Philip’s hostility to all Greece, and then became a deserter and a traitor and suddenly appeared as Philip’s champion — does he not deserve a hundred deaths?
[303] ἀλλὰ μὴν ὅτι ταῦθ᾽ οὕτως ἔχει, αὐτὸς οὐχ οἷός τ᾽ ἀντειπεῖν ἔσται. τίς γάρ ἐσθ᾽ ὁ τὸν Ἴσχανδρον προσάγων ὑμῖν τὸ κατ᾽ ἀρχάς, ὃν παρὰ τῶν ἐν Ἀρκαδίᾳ φίλων τῇ πόλει δεῦρ᾽ ἥκειν ἔφη; τίς ὁ συσκευάζεσθαι τὴν Ἑλλάδα καὶ Πελοπόννησον Φίλιππον βοῶν, ὑμᾶς δὲ καθεύδειν; τίς ὁ τοὺς μακροὺς καὶ καλοὺς λόγους ἐκείνους δημηγορῶν, καὶ τὸ Μιλτιάδου καὶ τὸ Θεμιστοκλέους ψήφισμ᾽ ἀναγιγνώσκων καὶ τὸν ἐν τῷ τῆς Ἀγλαύρου τῶν ἐφήβων ὅρκον;
[303] Yet that such are the facts, he will not be able to deny. For who originally introduced Ischander to you, declaring him to have come as the representative of the Arcadian friends of Athens? Who raised the cry that Philip was forming coalitions in Greece and Peloponnesus while you slept? Who made those long and eloquent speeches, and read the decrees of Miltiades and Themistacles and the oath which our young men take in the temple of Aglaurus?
[304] οὐχ οὗτος; τίς ὁ πείσας ὑμᾶς μόνον οὐκ ἐπὶ τὴν ἐρυθρὰν θάλατταν πρεσβείας πέμπειν, ὡς ἐπιβουλευομένης μὲν ὑπὸ Φιλίππου τῆς Ἑλλάδος, ὑμῖν δὲ προσῆκον προορᾶν ταῦτα καὶ μὴ προΐεσθαι τὰ τῶν Ἑλλήνων; οὐχ ὁ μὲν γράφων τὸ ψήφισμ᾽ Εὔβουλος ἦν, ὁ δὲ πρεσβεύων εἰς Πελοπόννησον Αἰσχίνης οὑτοσί; ἐλθὼν δ᾽ ἐκεῖσε ἅττα μέν ποτε διελέχθη καὶ ἐδημηγόρησεν, αὐτὸς ἂν εἰδείη, ἃ δ᾽ ἀπήγγειλε πρὸς ὑμᾶς, ὑμεῖς οἶδ᾽ ὅτι μέμνησθε πάντες.
[304] Was it not Aeschines? Who persuaded you to send embassies almost as far as the Red Sea, declaring that Greece was the object of Philip’s designs, and that it was your duty to anticipate the danger and not be disloyal to the Hellenic cause? Was it not Eubulus who proposed the decree, and the defenda
nt Aeschines who went as ambassador to the Peloponnesus? What he said there after his arrival, either in conversation or in public speeches, is best known to himself: what he reported on his return I am sure you have not forgotten.
[305] βάρβαρόν τε γὰρ πολλάκις καὶ ἀλάστορα τὸν Φίλιππον ἀποκαλῶν ἐδημηγόρει, καὶ τοὺς Ἀρκάδας ὑμῖν ἀπήγγελλεν ὡς ἔχαιρον, εἰ προσέχει τοῖς πράγμασιν ἤδη καὶ ἐγείρεται ἡ τῶν Ἀθηναίων πόλις. ὃ δὲ πάντων μάλιστ᾽ ἀγανακτῆσαι ἔφη: συντυχεῖν γὰρ ἀπιὼν Ἀτρεστίδᾳ παρὰ Φιλίππου πορευομένῳ, καὶ μετ᾽ αὐτοῦ γύναια καὶ παιδάρι᾽ ὡς τριάκοντα βαδίζειν, αὐτὸς δὲ θαυμάσας ἐρέσθαι τινὰ τῶν ὁδοιπόρων τίς ἅνθρωπός ἐστι καὶ τίς ὄχλος ὁ μετ᾽ αὐτοῦ,
[305] For he made a speech in which he repeatedly called Philip a barbarian and a man of blood. He told you that the Arcadians were delighted to hear that Athens was really waking up and attending to business. He related an incident which, he said, had filled him with deep indignation. On his journey home he had met Atrestidas travelling from Philip’s court with some thirty women and children in his train. He was astonished, and inquired of one of the travellers who the man and his throng of followers were;