by Demosthenes
[74] φημὶ τοίνυν ἐγώ （καὶ πρὸς Διός, ἄνδρες Ἀθηναῖοι, μηδεὶς φθόνῳ τὸ μέλλον ἀκούσῃ, ἀλλ᾽ ἂν ἀληθὲς ᾖ σκοπείτω）, ὅσῳ τὸ φανερῶς τοῦ λάθρᾳ κρεῖττον, καὶ τὸ νικῶντας τοῦ παρακρουσαμένους πράττειν ὁτιοῦν ἐντιμότερον, τοσούτῳ κάλλιον Κόνωνα τὰ τείχη στῆσαι Θεμιστοκλέους: ὁ μὲν γὰρ λαθών, ὁ δὲ νικήσας τοὺς κωλύσοντας αὔτ᾽ ἐποίησεν. οὐ τοίνυν ἄξιον τὸν τοιοῦτον ὑφ᾽ ὑμῶν ἀδικηθῆναι, οὐδ᾽ ἔλαττον σχεῖν τῶν ῥητόρων τῶν διδαξόντων ὡς ἀφελέσθαι τι χρὴ τῶν ἐκείνῳ δοθέντων.
[74] Now I assert — and I earnestly appeal to you, Athenians, not to take offence at what is coming, but to consider whether it is true — I assert that in proportion as openness is better than secrecy, and it is more honorable to gain one’s end by victory than by trickery, so Conon deserves more credit than Themistocles for building the walls. For the latter achieved it by evading those who would have prevented it, but the former by beating them in battle. Therefore it is not right that so great a man should be wronged by you, or should gain less than those orators who will try to prove that you ought to deduct something from what was bestowed on him.
[75] εἶεν. ἀλλὰ νὴ Δία τὸν παῖδα τὸν Χαβρίου περιίδωμεν ἀφαιρεθέντα τὴν ἀτέλειαν, ἣν ὁ πατὴρ αὐτῷ δικαίως παρ᾽ ὑμῶν λαβὼν κατέλιπεν. ἀλλ᾽ οὐδέν᾽ ἀνθρώπων εὖ φρονοῦντ᾽ οἶμαι ταῦτ᾽ ἂν φῆσαι καλῶς ἔχειν. ἴστε μὲν οὖν ἴσως, καὶ ἄνευ τοῦ παρ᾽ ἐμοῦ λόγου, ὅτι σπουδαῖος Χαβρίας ἦν ἀνήρ, οὐ μὴν κωλύει γ᾽ οὐδὲν κἀμὲ διὰ βραχέων ἐπιμνησθῆναι τῶν πεπραγμένων αὐτῷ.
[75] Very well. But, they will say, we may let the son of Chabrias be robbed of the immunity which his father justly received from you and bequeathed to him. But I am sure there is not a single right-minded man who would approve of that. Now, perhaps you know, even without any words from me, that Chabrias was a man of high character; yet there is no harm if I too recall briefly his achievements.
[76] ὃν μὲν οὖν τρόπον ὑμᾶς ἔχων πρὸς ἅπαντας Πελοποννησίους παρετάξατ᾽ ἐν Θήβαις, καὶ ὡς Γοργώπαν ἀπέκτεινεν ἐν Αἰγίνῃ, καὶ ὅσ᾽ ἐν Κύπρῳ τρόπαι᾽ ἔστησεν καὶ μετὰ ταῦτ᾽ ἐν Αἰγύπτῳ, καὶ ὅτι πᾶσαν ἐπελθὼν ὀλίγου δέω λέγειν χώραν οὐδαμοῦ τὸ τῆς πόλεως ὄνομ᾽ οὐδ᾽ αὑτὸν κατῄσχυνεν, οὔτε πάνυ ῥᾴδιον κατὰ τὴν ἀξίαν εἰπεῖν, πολλή τ᾽ αἰσχύνη λέγοντος ἐμοῦ ταῦτ᾽ ἐλάττω φανῆναι τῆς ἐν ἑκάστῳ νῦν περὶ αὐτοῦ δόξης ὑπαρχούσης: ἃ δ᾽ οὐδαμῶς ἂν εἰπὼν οἴομαι μικρὰ ποιῆσαι, ταῦθ᾽ ὑπομνῆσαι πειράσομαι.
[76] How skilfully, as your commander, he drew up your ranks at Thebes to face the whole power of the Peloponnese, how he slew Gorgopas in Aegina, what trophies he set up in Cyprus and afterwards in Egypt, how he visited, I might almost say, every land, yet nowhere disgraced our city’s name or his own — of all these exploits it is by no means easy to speak adequately, and it would be a great shame if my words should make them fall below the estimate of him which each one of you has formed in his own mind. But of some, which I think I could never belittle in describing them, I will try to remind you.
[77] ἐνίκησεν μὲν τοίνυν Λακεδαιμονίους ναυμαχίᾳ καὶ πεντήκοντα μιᾶς δεούσας ἔλαβ᾽ αἰχμαλώτους τριήρεις, εἷλε δὲ τῶν νήσων τούτων τὰς πολλὰς καὶ παρέδωκεν ὑμῖν καὶ φιλίας ἐποίησεν ἐχθρῶς ἐχούσας πρότερον, τρισχίλια δ᾽ αἰχμάλωτα σώματα δεῦρ᾽ ἤγαγεν, καὶ πλεῖν ἢ δέκα καὶ ἑκατὸν τάλαντ᾽ ἀπέφην᾽ ἀπὸ τῶν πολεμίων. καὶ τούτων πάντων ὑμῶν τινὲς οἱ πρεσβύτατοι μάρτυρές εἰσί μοι. πρὸς δὲ τούτοις ἄλλας τριήρεις πλεῖν ἢ εἴκοσιν εἷλε, κατὰ μίαν καὶ δύο λαμβάνων, ἃς ἁπάσας εἰς τοὺς ὑμετέρους λιμένας κατήγαγεν.
[77] Now, he beat the Lacedaemonians in a sea-fight and took forty-nine warships; he captured most of the islands near and handed them over to you, turning their previous enmity into friendship; he brought to Athens three thousand captives, and paid into the treasury more than a hundred and ten talents taken from the enemy. And in all these facts some of the oldest among you can bear me out. But in addition, he captured more than twenty warships, one or two at a time, and brought them all into your harbors.
[78] ἑνὶ δὲ κεφαλαίῳ μόνος τῶν πάντων στρατηγῶν οὐ πόλιν, οὐ φρούριον, οὐ ναῦν, οὐ στρατιώτην ἀπώλεσεν οὐδέν᾽ ἡγούμενος ὑμῶν, οὐδ᾽ ἔστιν οὐδενὶ τῶν ὑμετέρων ἐχθρῶν τρόπαιον οὐδὲν ἀφ᾽ ὑμῶν τε κἀκείνου, ὑμῖν δ᾽ ἀπὸ πολλῶν πόλλ᾽ ἐκείνου στρατηγοῦντος. ἵνα δὲ μὴ λέγων παραλίπω τι τῶν πεπραγμένων αὐτῷ, ἀναγνώσεται γεγραμμένας ὑμῖν τάς τε ναῦς ὅσας ἔλαβεν καὶ οὗ ἑκάστην, καὶ τῶν πόλεων τὸν ἀριθμὸν καὶ τῶν χρημάτων τὸ πλῆθος, καὶ τῶν τροπαίων οὗ ἕκαστον. λέγε.”Πράξεις Χαβρίου”
[78] To sum up; he alone of all our generals never lost a city, a fort, a ship, or a man, as long as he led you; and none of your enemies can boast a single trophy won from you and him, while you possess many won from many enemies while he was your general. But for fear lest my speech should omit any of his exploits, the clerk shall read to you an inventory of all the ships he took and where he took each, the number of cities and the amount of treasure captured, and the place where he set up each trophy. Read.” Deeds of Chabrias”
[79] δοκεῖ τισὶν ὑμῶν, ὦ ἄνδρες δικασταί, οὗτος ὃ τοσαύτας πόλεις λαβὼν καὶ τριήρεις τῶν πολεμίων ναυμαχίᾳ νικήσας, καὶ τοσούτων καλῶν αἴτιος ὤν, αἰσχροῦ δ᾽ οὐδενὸς τῇ πόλει, ἄξιος εἶναι ἀποστερηθῆναι τὴν ἀτέλειαν ἣν εὕρετο παρ᾽ ὑμῶν καὶ τῷ υἱεῖ κατέλιπεν; ἐγὼ μὲν οὐκ οἴομαι. καὶ γὰρ ἂν ἄλογον εἴη: μίαν μὲν πόλιν εἰ ἀπώλεσεν ἢ ναῦς δέκα μόνας, περὶ προδοσίας ἂν αὐτὸν εἰσήγγελλον οὗτοι, καὶ εἰ ἑάλω, τὸν ἅπαντ᾽ ἂν ἀπωλώλει χρόνον:
[79] Does it seem to any of you, gentlemen of the jury, that this man, who captured so many cities and ships from your enemies by his victories on sea, and who was the source of so much honor, but never of disgrace, to your city, deserves to be deprived of the immunity which he obtained at your hands and bequeathed to his son? I cannot believe it, for it is out of all reason. Had he lost a single city or as few as ten ships, Leptines and his supporters would have impeached him for high treason, and if he had been convicted, he would have been a ruined man for ever.
[80] ἐπειδὴ δὲ τοὐναντίον ἑπτακαίδεκα μὲν πόλεις εἷλεν, ἑβδο�
�ήκοντα δὲ ναῦς ἔλαβεν, τρισχιλίους δ᾽ αἰχμαλώτους, δέκα δὲ καὶ ἑκατὸν τάλαντ᾽ ἀπέφηνεν, τοσαῦτα δ᾽ ἔστησε τρόπαια, τηνικαῦτα δ᾽ οὐκ ἔσται κύρι᾽ αὐτῷ τὰ δοθέντ᾽ ἐπὶ τούτοις; καὶ μήν, ὦ ἄνδρες Ἀθηναῖοι, καὶ ζῶν πάνθ᾽ ὑπὲρ ὑμῶν φανήσεται πράξας Χαβρίας, καὶ τὴν τελευτὴν αὐτὴν τοῦ βίου πεποιημένος οὐχ ὑπὲρ ἄλλου τινός, ὥστε δικαίως ἂν οὐ μόνον διὰ τὰ ζῶντι πεπραγμένα φαίνοισθ᾽ εὐνοϊκῶς διακείμενοι πρὸς τὸν υἱὸν αὐτοῦ, ἀλλὰ καὶ διὰ ταύτην.
[80] But since, on the contrary, he took seventeen cities, and captured seventy ships and three thousand prisoners, and paid into the treasury a hundred and ten talents, and set up so many trophies, in that case shall not his rewards for these services stand good? Moreover, Athenians, it will be seen that Chabrias during his lifetime did everything in your behalf, and that he met death itself in no other service; so that for this, as well as for all that he did in his life, you ought to show yourselves generously disposed to his son.
[81] ἄξιον τοίνυν, ὦ ἄνδρες Ἀθηναῖοι, κἀκεῖνο σκοπεῖν, ὅπως μὴ φανούμεθα φαυλότεροι Χίων περὶ τοὺς εὐεργέτας γεγενημένοι. εἰ γὰρ ἐκεῖνοι μέν, ἐφ᾽ οὓς μεθ᾽ ὅπλων ἦλθεν ἐν ἐχθροῦ τάξει, μηδὲν ὧν ἔδοσαν πρότερον νῦν ἀφῄρηνται, ἀλλὰ τὰς πάλαι χάριτας μείζους τῶν καινῶν ἐγκλημάτων πεποίηνται, ὑμεῖς δέ, ὑπὲρ ὧν ἐπ᾽ ἐκείνους ἐλθὼν ἐτελεύτησεν, ἀντὶ τοῦ διὰ ταῦτ᾽ ἔτι μᾶλλον αὐτὸν τιμᾶν καὶ τῶν ἐπὶ ταῖς πρότερον εὐεργεσίαις τι δοθέντων ἀφῃρημένοι φανήσεσθε, πῶς οὐκ εἰκότως αἰσχύνην ἕξετε;
[81] Then this too, Athenians, demands your consideration — that we must not prove less generous than the Chians in our treatment of our benefactors. For if they, against whom Chabrias carried arms as an enemy, have not now revoked any of their former gifts, but have made ancient services outweigh recent offences, while you, in whose cause he marched against them to his death, so far from honoring him the more on that account, are even going to rob him of part of the reward of his past services, how will you escape the ignominy that you deserve?
[82] καὶ μὴν καὶ κατ᾽ ἐκεῖν᾽ ἀνάξι᾽ ἂν εἴη πεπονθὼς ὁ παῖς εἴ τι τῆς δωρειᾶς ἀφαιρεθείη, καθ᾽ ὃ πολλάκις ὑμῶν στρατηγήσαντος Χαβρίου οὐδενὸς πώποθ᾽ υἱὸς ὀρφανὸς δι᾽ ἐκεῖνον ἐγένετο, αὐτὸς δ᾽ ἐν ὀρφανίᾳ τέθραπται διὰ τὴν πρὸς ὑμᾶς φιλοτιμίαν τοῦ πατρός. οὕτω γὰρ ὡς ἀληθῶς ἔμοιγε φαίνεται βεβαίως πως ἐκεῖνος φιλόπολις, ὥστε δοκῶν καὶ ὢν ἀσφαλέστατος στρατηγὸς ἁπάντων, ὑπὲρ μὲν ὑμῶν, ὁπόθ᾽ ἡγοῖτο, ἐχρῆτο τούτῳ, ὑπὲρ αὑτοῦ δέ, ἐπειδὴ τὸ καθ᾽ αὑτὸν ἐτάχθη κινδυνεύειν, παρεῖδε, καὶ μᾶλλον εἵλετο μὴ ζῆν ἢ καταισχῦναι τὰς παρ᾽ ὑμῶν ὑπαρχούσας αὐτῷ τιμάς.
[82] Moreover, should the son be robbed of part of his reward, his treatment would be undeserved in view of the fact that no man’s child was ever orphaned through the fault of Chabrias, though he frequently led you in war, but the boy himself has grown up an orphan, just because of his father’s devotion to your cause. For to me he seems truly to have been such a staunch patriot, that though reputed to be the most cautious of commanders, as indeed he was, it was for your sake that he displayed that quality whenever he led you, but for his own sake, when he found himself assigned to the post of danger, he forgot all his caution and preferred to lay down his life rather than tarnish the honors that you had bestowed.
[83] εἶθ᾽ ὑπὲρ ὧν ἐκεῖνος ᾤετο δεῖν ἀποθνῄσκειν ἢ νικᾶν, ταῦθ᾽ ἡμεῖς ἀφελώμεθα τὸν υἱὸν αὐτοῦ; καὶ τί φήσομεν, ὦ ἄνδρες Ἀθηναῖοι, ὅταν τὰ μὲν τρόπαι᾽ ἑστήκῃ δῆλα πᾶσιν ἀνθρώποις, ἃ ὑπὲρ ὑμῶν στρατηγῶν ἐκεῖνος ἔστησε, τῶν δ᾽ ἐπὶ τούτοις δωρειῶν ἀφῃρημένον τι φαίνηται; οὐ σκέψεσθ᾽, ὦ ἄνδρες Ἀθηναῖοι, καὶ λογιεῖσθε, ὅτι νῦν οὐχ ὁ νόμος κρίνεται πότερον ἔστ᾽ ἐπιτήδειος ἢ οὔ, ἀλλ᾽ ὑμεῖς δοκιμάζεσθ᾽ εἴτ᾽ ἐπιτήδειοι πάσχειν ἔστ᾽ εὖ τὸν λοιπὸν χρόνον εἴτε μή;
[83] After that, are we to rob the son of those honors which inspired the father to conquer or to die? And what shall we say, men of Athens, when the trophies that he set up as general in your name stand plain for all men to see, but a part of the reward for those trophies is found to have been filched away? Will you not observe, men of Athens, and reflect that today we are not judging the law, to see whether it is suitable or not? It is you who are under examination, to see whether you are suitable persons to receive benefits in the future or whether you are not.
[84] λαβὲ δὴ καὶ τὸ τῷ Χαβρίᾳ ψήφισμα ψηφισθέν. ὅρα δὴ καὶ σκόπει: δεῖ γὰρ αὔτ᾽ ἐνταῦθ᾽ εἶναί που.
ἐγὼ δ᾽ ἔτι τοῦτ᾽ εἰπεῖν ὑπὲρ Χαβρίου βούλομαι. ὑμεῖς, ὦ ἄνδρες Ἀθηναῖοι, τιμῶντές ποτ᾽ Ἰφικράτην, οὐ μόνον αὐτὸν ἐτιμήσατε, ἀλλὰ καὶ δι᾽ ἐκεῖνον Στράβακα καὶ Πολύστρατον: καὶ πάλιν, Τιμοθέῳ διδόντες τὴν δωρειάν, δι᾽ ἐκεῖνον ἐδώκατε καὶ Κλεάρχῳ καί τισιν ἄλλοις πολιτείαν: Χαβρίας δ᾽ αὐτὸς ἐτιμήθη παρ᾽ ὑμῖν μόνος.
[84] Turn now to the decree passed in honor of Chabrias. Just look and see; it must be somewhere there.
There is one thing further that I want to say about Chabrias. You, Athenians, in honoring Iphicrates, honored not only him but also on his account Strabax and Polystratus; and again, when giving your reward to Timotheus, you also for his sake rewarded Clearchus and some others with the citizenship;
[85] εἰ δὴ τόθ᾽, ὅθ᾽ εὑρίσκετο τὴν δωρειάν, ἠξίωσεν ὑμᾶς, ὥσπερ δι᾽ Ἰφικράτην καὶ Τιμόθεον εὖ τινὰς πεποιήκατε, οὕτω καὶ δι᾽ αὑτὸν εὖ ποιῆσαι τούτων τινὰς τῶν εὑρημένων τὴν ἀτέλειαν, οὓς νῦν οὗτοι μεμφόμενοι πάντας ἀφαιρεῖσθαι κελεύουσιν ὁμοίως, οὐκ ἂν ἐδώκατε ταύτην αὐτῷ τὴν χάριν; ἔγωγ᾽ ἡγοῦμαι.
[85] but in the case of Chabrias your honors were for him alone. Now, if at the time when he was receiving his reward, he had claimed that as you had rewarded others for the sake of Iphicrates and Timotheus, so for his sake you should reward some of those men who have actually received the immunity, but to whom our opponents object so strongly that they want all alike to be deprived of it, would you not have granted him that boon? I cannot doubt it.
[86] εἶθ᾽ οἷς δι᾽ ἐκεῖνον ἂν τότ᾽ ἐδώκατε δωρειάν, διὰ τούτους νῦν αὐτὸν ἐκεῖνον ἀφαιρήσεσθε τὴν ἀτέλειαν; ἀλλ᾽ ἄλογον. οὐδὲ γὰρ ὑμῖν ἁρμότ
τει δοκεῖν παρὰ μὲν τὰς εὐεργεσίας οὕτω προχείρως ἔχειν ὥστε μὴ μόνους αὐτοὺς τοὺς εὐεργέτας τιμᾶν, ἀλλὰ καὶ τοὺς ἐκείνων φίλους, ἐπειδὰν δὲ χρόνος διέλθῃ βραχύς, καὶ ὅσ᾽ αὐτοῖς δεδώκατε, ταῦτ᾽ ἀφαιρεῖσθαι.”Ψηφίσματα τῶν Χαβρίου Τιμῶν”
[86] For his sake you would have rewarded them then; yet now, on their account, will you take away the immunity from Chabrias himself? Why, that is absurd! For it is inconsistent to seem so generous, when the benefits are recent, that you honor not the benefactors only but their friends as well, but, when a short time has elapsed, to take away even the rewards that you have given to the benefactors.” Decrees on the Honors of Chabrias”
[87] οὓς μὲν τοίνυν ἀδικήσετε, εἰ μὴ λύσετε τὸν νόμον, πρὸς πολλοῖς ἄλλοις, οὓς ἀκηκόατε, εἰσίν, ὦ ἄνδρες δικασταί. σκοπεῖτε δὴ καὶ λογίσασθ᾽ ἐν ὑμῖν αὐτοῖς, εἴ τινες τούτων τῶν τετελευτηκότων λάβοιεν τρόπῳ τινὶ τοῦ νυνὶ γιγνομένου πράγματος αἴσθησιν, ὡς ἂν εἰκότως ἀγανακτήσειαν. εἰ γὰρ ὧν ἔργῳ πεποίηκεν ἕκαστος αὐτῶν ὑμᾶς εὖ, τούτων ἐκ λόγου κρίσις γίγνεται, καὶ τὰ καλῶς πραχθένθ᾽ ὑπ᾽ ἐκείνων, ἂν ὑφ᾽ ἡμῶν μὴ καλῶς ῥηθῇ τῷ λόγῳ, μάτην τοῖς πονήσασιν εἴργασται, πῶς οὐ δεινὰ πάσχουσιν;