by Demosthenes
[69] As it was, he did not adopt this course, by which he might have done honor to the people, nor did he work off his high spirits in this way. No; I was his target, I who in my madness, men of Athens, — for it may be madness to engage in something beyond one’s power perhaps in my ambition, volunteered for chorus-master. He harassed me with a persecution so undisguised and so brutal that neither the sacred costumes nor the chorus nor at last even my own person was safe from his hands.
[70] εἰ τοίνυν τις ὑμῶν, ὦ ἄνδρες Ἀθηναῖοι, ἄλλως πως ἔχει τὴν ὀργὴν ἐπὶ Μειδίαν ἢ ὡς δέον αὐτὸν τεθνάναι, οὐκ ὀρθῶς ἔχει. οὐ γάρ ἐστι δίκαιον οὐδὲ προσῆκον τὴν τοῦ παθόντος εὐλάβειαν τῷ μηδὲν ὑποστειλαμένῳ πρὸς ὕβριν μερίδ᾽ εἰς σωτηρίαν ὑπάρχειν, ἀλλὰ τὸν μὲν ὡς ἁπάντων τῶν ἀνηκέστων αἴτιον κολάζειν προσήκει, τῷ δ᾽ ἐπὶ τοῦ βοηθεῖν ἀποδιδόναι τὴν χάριν.
[70] Now if there is anyone of you, Athenians, whose anger against Meidias falls short of a demand for his death, he is wrong. For it is neither just nor proper that the forbearance of the victim should contribute to the acquittal of a man who has put no check on his insolence. The latter you should punish as if the results of his conduct had been utterly irremediable; to the former you should show your goodwill by favouring his cause.
[71] οὐδὲ γὰρ αὖ τοῦτ᾽ ἔστιν εἰπεῖν, ὡς οὐ γεγενημένου πώποτ᾽ οὐδενὸς ἐκ τῶν τοιούτων δεινοῦ τῷ λόγῳ τὸ πρᾶγμ᾽ ἐγὼ νῦν αἴρω καὶ φοβερὸν ποιῶ. πολλοῦ γε καὶ δεῖ. ἀλλ᾽ ἴσασιν ἅπαντες, εἰ δὲ μή, πολλοί γε, Εὔθυνον τὸν παλαίσαντά ποτ᾽ ἐκεῖνον, τὸν νεανίσκον, καὶ Σώφιλον τὸν παγκρατιαστήν （ἰσχυρός τις ἦν, μέλας, εὖ οἶδ᾽ ὅτι γιγνώσκουσίν τινες ὑμῶν ὃν λέγω,） τοῦτον ἐν Σάμῳ ἐν συνουσίᾳ τινὶ καὶ διατριβῇ οὕτως ἰδίᾳ, ὅτι ὁ τύπτων αὐτὸν ὑβρίζειν ᾤετο, ἀμυνάμενον οὕτως ὥστε καὶ ἀποκτεῖναι. ἴσασιν Εὐαίωνα πολλοὶ τὸν Λεωδάμαντος ἀδελφόν, ἀποκτείναντα Βοιωτὸν ἐν δείπνῳ καὶ συνόδῳ κοινῇ διὰ πληγὴν μίαν.
[71] You cannot retort that such acts have never had any serious consequences, but that I am now exaggerating the incident and representing it as formidable. That is wide of the mark. But all, or at least many, know what Euthynus, the once famous wrestler, a youngster, did to Sophilus the prize-fighter. He was a dark, brawny fellow. I am sure some of you know the man I mean. He met him in Samos at a gathering — just a private pleasure-party-and because he imagined he was insulting him, took such summary vengeance that he actually killed him.
It is a matter of common knowledge that Euaeon, the brother of Leodamas, killed Boeotus at a public banquet and entertainment in revenge for a single blow.
[72] οὐ γὰρ ἡ πληγὴ παρέστησε τὴν ὀργήν, ἀλλ᾽ ἡ ἀτιμία: οὐδὲ τὸ τύπτεσθαι τοῖς ἐλευθέροις ἐστὶ δεινόν, καίπερ ὂν δεινόν, ἀλλὰ τὸ ἐφ᾽ ὕβρει. πολλὰ γὰρ ἂν ποιήσειεν ὁ τύπτων, ὦ ἄνδρες Ἀθηναῖοι, ὧν ὁ παθὼν ἔνι᾽ οὐδ᾽ ἂν ἀπαγγεῖλαι δύναιθ᾽ ἑτέρῳ, τῷ σχήματι, τῷ βλέμματι, τῇ φωνῇ, ὅταν ὡς ὑβρίζων, ὅταν ὡς ἐχθρὸς ὑπάρχων, ὅταν κονδύλοις, ὅταν ἐπὶ κόρρης. ταῦτα κινεῖ, ταῦτ᾽ ἐξίστησιν ἀνθρώπους αὑτῶν, ἀήθεις ὄντας τοῦ προπηλακίζεσθαι. οὐδεὶς ἄν, ὦ ἄνδρες Ἀθηναῖοι, ταῦτ᾽ ἀπαγγέλλων δύναιτο τὸ δεινὸν παραστῆσαι τοῖς ἀκούουσιν οὕτως ὡς ἐπὶ τῆς ἀληθείας καὶ τοῦ πράγματος τῷ πάσχοντι καὶ τοῖς ὁρῶσιν ἐναργὴς ἡ ὕβρις φαίνεται.
[72] For it was not the blow but the indignity that roused the anger. To be struck is not the serious thing for a free man, serious though it is, but to be struck in wanton insolence. Many things, Athenians, some of which the victim would find it difficult to put into words, may be done by the striker — by gesture, by look, by tone; when he strikes in wantonness or out of enmity; with the fist or on the cheek. These are the things that provoke men and make them beside themselves, if they are unused to insult. No description, men of Athens, can bring the outrage as vividly before the hearers as it appears in truth and reality to the victim and to the spectators.
[73] σκέψασθε δὴ πρὸς Διὸς καὶ θεῶν, ὦ ἄνδρες Ἀθηναῖοι, καὶ λογίσασθε παρ᾽ ὑμῖν αὐτοῖς, ὅσῳ πλείον᾽ ὀργὴν ἐμοὶ προσῆκε παραστῆναι πάσχοντι τοιαῦθ᾽ ὑπὸ Μειδίου ἢ τότ᾽ ἐκείνῳ τῷ Εὐαίωνι τῷ τὸν Βοιωτὸν ἀποκτείναντι. ὁ μέν γ᾽ ὑπὸ γνωρίμου, καὶ τούτου μεθύοντος, ἐναντίον ἓξ ἢ ἕπτ᾽ ἀνθρώπων ἐπλήγη, καὶ τούτων γνωρίμων, οἳ τὸν μὲν κακιεῖν οἷς ἔπραξε, τὸν δ᾽ ἐπαινέσεσθαι μετὰ ταῦτ᾽ ἀνασχόμενον καὶ κατασχόνθ᾽ ἑαυτὸν ἔμελλον, καὶ ταῦτ᾽ εἰς οἰκίαν ἐλθὼν ἐπὶ δεῖπνον, οἷ μηδὲ βαδίζειν ἐξῆν αὐτῷ:
[73] In the name of all the gods, Athenians, I ask you to reflect and calculate in your own minds how much more reason I had to be angry when I suffered so at the hands of Meidias, than Euaeon when he killed Boeotus. Euaeon was struck by an acquaintance, who was drunk at the time, in the presence of six or seven witnesses, who were also acquaintances and might be depended upon to denounce the one for his offence and commend the other if he had patiently restrained his feelings after such an affront, especially as Euaeon had gone to sup at a house which he need never have entered at all.
[74] ἐγὼ δ᾽ ὑπ᾽ ἐχθροῦ, νήφοντος, ἕωθεν, ὕβρει καὶ οὐκ οἴνῳ τοῦτο ποιοῦντος, ἐναντίον πολλῶν καὶ ξένων καὶ πολιτῶν ὑβριζόμην, καὶ ταῦτ᾽ ἐν ἱερῷ καὶ οἷ πολλή μοι ἦν ἀνάγκη βαδίζειν χορηγοῦντι. καὶ ἐμαυτὸν μέν γ᾽, ὦ ἄνδρες Ἀθηναῖοι, σωφρόνως, μᾶλλον δ᾽ εὐτυχῶς οἶμαι βεβουλεῦσθαι, ἀνασχόμενον τότε καὶ οὐδὲν ἀνήκεστον ἐξαχθέντα πρᾶξαι: τῷ δ᾽ Εὐαίωνι καὶ πᾶσιν, εἴ τις αὑτῷ βεβοήθηκεν ἀτιμαζόμενος, πολλὴν συγγνώμην ἔχω.
[74] But I was assaulted by a personal enemy early in the day, when he was sober, prompted by insolence, not by wine, in the presence of many foreigners as well as citizens, and above all in a temple which I was strictly obliged to enter by virtue of my office. And, Athenians, I consider that I was prudent, or rather happily inspired, when I submitted at the time and was not impelled to any irremediable action; though I fully sympathize with Euaeon and anyone else who, when provoked, takes the law into his own hands.
[75] δοκοῦσι δέ μοι καὶ τῶν δικασάντων τότε πολλοί: ἀκούω γὰρ αὐτὸν ἔγωγε μιᾷ μόνον ἁλῶναι ψήφῳ, καὶ ταῦτ᾽ οὔτε κλαύσαντ᾽ οὔτε δεηθέντα τῶν δικαστῶν οὐδενός, οὔτε φιλάνθρωπον οὔτε μικρὸν οὔτε μέγ᾽ οὐδ᾽ ὁτιοῦν πρὸς τοὺς δικαστὰς ποιήσα�
�τα. θῶμεν τοίνυν οὑτωσί, τοὺς μὲν καταγνόντας αὐτοῦ μὴ ὅτι ἠμύνατο, διὰ τοῦτο καταψηφίσασθαι, ἀλλ᾽ ὅτι τοῦτον τὸν τρόπον ὥστε καὶ ἀποκτεῖναι, τοὺς δ᾽ ἀπογνόντας καὶ ταύτην τὴν ὑπερβολὴν τῆς τιμωρίας τῷ γε τὸ σῶμ᾽ ὑβρισμένῳ δεδωκέναι.
[75] My views were, I think, shared at that trial by many of the jury; for I am told that he was only condemned by a single vote, and yet he had no recourse to tears or supplications and made no effort, small or great, to win the favour of his judges. Let us assume, then, that the judges who condemned him did so, not because he retaliated, but because he did it in such a way as to kill the aggressor, while the judges who acquitted him allowed even this licence of revenge to a man who had suffered an outrage on his person.
[76] τί οὖν; ἐμοὶ τῷ τοσαύτῃ κεχρημένῳ προνοίᾳ τοῦ μηδὲν ἀνήκεστον γενέσθαι, ὥστε μηδ᾽ ἀμύνασθαι, παρὰ τοῦ τὴν τιμωρίαν ὧν πέπονθ᾽ ἀποδοθῆναι προσήκει; ἐγὼ μὲν οἶμαι παρ᾽ ὑμῶν καὶ τῶν νόμων, καὶ παράδειγμά γε πᾶσι γενέσθαι τοῖς ἄλλοις, ὅτι τοὺς ὑβρίζοντας ἅπαντας καὶ τοὺς ἀσελγεῖς οὐκ αὐτὸν ἀμύνεσθαι μετὰ τῆς ὀργῆς, ἀλλ᾽ ἐφ᾽ ὑμᾶς ἄγειν δεῖ, ὡς βεβαιούντων ὑμῶν καὶ φυλαττόντων τὰς ἐν τοῖς νόμοις τοῖς παθοῦσι βοηθείας.
[76] What follows? I who was so careful not to cause any irremediable mischief that I never retaliated — from whom am I to seek redress for my sufferings? I think it should be from you and from the laws. I think that you should set up a precedent for all to follow, that no one who wantonly assaults and outrages another should be punished by the victim himself in hot blood, but must be brought into your court, because it is you who confirm and uphold the protection granted by the laws to those who are injured.
[77] οἶμαι τοίνυν τινὰς ὑμῶν, ὦ ἄνδρες δικασταί, ποθεῖν ἀκοῦσαι τὴν ἔχθραν, ἥτις ἦν ἡμῖν πρὸς ἀλλήλους: νομίζειν γὰρ οὐδέν᾽ ἂν ἀνθρώπων οὕτως ἀσελγῶς καὶ βιαίως οὐδενὶ τῶν πολιτῶν χρήσασθαι, μὴ μεγάλου τινὸς ὄντος ὃ αὐτῷ προωφείλετο. βούλομαι δὴ καὶ περὶ ταύτης ὑμῖν ἐξ ἀρχῆς εἰπεῖν καὶ διηγήσασθαι, ἵν᾽ εἰδῆθ᾽ ὅτι καὶ τούτων ὀφείλων δίκην φανήσεται. ἔσται δὲ βραχὺς περὶ αὐτῶν ὁ λόγος, κἂν ἄνωθεν ἄρχεσθαι δοκῶ.
[77] Now I expect, gentlemen of the jury, that some of you are anxious to hear about the quarrel between Meidias and myself; for you must suppose that no human being could treat a fellow-countryman with such violence and brutality, unless he had a long account to settle with him. Well, I am quite willing to give you a detailed account of this quarrel from its inception, so that you may understand that on this score too, as I shall prove, he owes me reparation. The narrative shall be brief, though I may seem to go a long way back for the start.
[78] ἡνίκα τὰς δίκας ἔλαχον τῶν πατρῴων τοῖς ἐπιτρόποις, μειρακύλλιον ὢν κομιδῇ καὶ τοῦτον οὐδ᾽ εἰ γέγον᾽ εἰδὼς οὐδὲ γιγνώσκων ὡς μηδὲ νῦν ὤφελον, τότε μοι μελλουσῶν εἰσιέναι τῶν δικῶν εἰς ἡμέραν ὡσπερεὶ τετάρτην ἢ πέμπτην εἰσεπήδησαν ἁδελφὸς ὁ τούτου καὶ οὗτος εἰς τὴν οἰκίαν ἀντιδιδόντες τριηραρχίαν. τοὔνομα μὲν δὴ παρέσχεν ἐκεῖνος, καὶ ἦν ὁ ἀντιδιδοὺς Θρασύλοχος: τὰ δ᾽ ἔργα πάντ᾽ ἦν καὶ τὰ πραττόμενα ὑπὸ τούτου.
[78] When I brought my action against my guardians for the recovery of my patrimony, being a mere lad, neither acquainted with Meidias nor even aware of his existence — would that I were not acquainted with him now! — when my suit was due to come on in three or four days, Meidias and his brother suddenly burst into my house and challenged me to take over their trierarchy. It was the brother, Thrasylochus, who submitted his name and made the challenge; but the real author of all these proceedings was Meidias.
[79] καὶ πρῶτον μὲν κατέσχισαν τὰς θύρας τῶν οἰκημάτων, ὡς αὐτῶν ἤδη γιγνομένας κατὰ τὴν ἀντίδοσιν: εἶτα τῆς ἀδελφῆς, ἔτ᾽ ἔνδον οὔσης τότε καὶ παιδὸς οὔσης κόρης, ἐναντίον ἐφθέγγοντ᾽ αἰσχρὰ καὶ τοιαῦθ᾽ οἷ᾽ ἂν ἄνθρωποι τοιοῦτοι φθέγξαιντο （οὐ γὰρ ἔγωγε προαχθείην ἂν εἰπεῖν πρὸς ὑμᾶς τῶν τότε ῥηθέντων οὐδέν）, καὶ τὴν μητέρα κἀμὲ καὶ πάντας ἡμᾶς ῥητὰ καὶ ἄρρητα κάκ᾽ ἐξεῖπον: ὃ δ᾽ οὖν δεινότατον καὶ οὐ λόγος, ἀλλ᾽ ἔργον ἤδη: τὰς δίκας ὡς αὐτῶν οὔσας ἀφίεσαν τοῖς ἐπιτρόποις.
[79] And first they forced the doors of the apartments, assuming that these became their property by the terms of the challenge; next in the presence of my sister, who was a young girl still living at home, they used foul language such as only men of their stamp would use — nothing would induce me to repeat to you some of their expressions — and they uttered unrestrained abuse of my mother and myself and all my family. But, what was more shocking still, from words they proceeded to deeds, and they were going to drop the lawsuits, claiming them as their own, to oblige my guardians.
[80] καὶ ταῦτ᾽ ἐστὶ μὲν παλαιά, ὅμως δέ τινας μνημονεύειν ὑμῶν οἴομαι: ὅλη γὰρ ἡ πόλις τὴν ἀντίδοσιν καὶ τὴν ἐπιβουλὴν τότε ταύτην καὶ τὴν ἀσέλγειαν ᾔσθετο. κἀγὼ τότε παντάπασιν ἔρημος ὢν καὶ νέος κομιδῇ, ἵνα μὴ τῶν παρὰ τοῖς ἐπιτρόποις ἀποστερηθείην, οὐχ ὅσ᾽ ἐδυνήθην ἀνακομίσασθαι προσδοκῶν εἰσπράξειν, ἀλλ᾽ ὅσων ἐμαυτῷ συνῄδειν ἀπεστερημένῳ, δίδωμ᾽ εἴκοσι μνᾶς τούτοις, ὅσου τὴν τριηραρχίαν ἦσαν μεμισθωκότες. τὰ μὲν δὴ τόθ᾽ ὑβρίσματα τούτων εἰς ἐμὲ ταῦτ᾽ ἐστίν.
[80] All this is ancient history, though I expect some of you remember it, for all Athens heard of the challenge and of the plot they then hatched and of their brutal behavior. As for me, being quite alone in the world and a mere lad, I did not want to lose the property that was still in the hands of my guardians, and I expected to obtain, not the trifle that I was actually able to recover, but all that I knew I had been robbed of; so I gave them twenty minas, the sum which they had paid for the performance of their trierarchy by deputy. Such was the scandalous treatment that I received at their hands.
[81] δίκην δὲ τούτῳ λαχὼν ὕστερον τῆς κακηγορίας εἷλον ἐρήμην: οὐ γὰρ ἀπήντα. λαβὼν δ᾽ ὑπερήμερον καὶ ἔχων, οὐδενὸς ἡψάμην πώποτε τῶν τούτου, ἀλλὰ λαχὼν ἐξούλης πάλιν οὐδέπω καὶ τήμερον εἰσελθεῖν δεδύνημαι: τοσαύτας τέχνας καὶ σκήψεις οὗτος εὑρίσκων ἐκκρούει. κἀγὼ μὲν οὕτως εὐλαβῶς τῇ δίκῃ, τοῖς νόμοις ἅπαντα πράττειν ἀξιῶ: ὁ δ᾽, ὡς ὑμεῖς ἀκούετε, ἀσ
ελγῶς οὐ μόνον εἰς ἐμὲ καὶ τοὺς ἐμοὺς ᾤετο δεῖν ὑβρίζειν, ἀλλὰ καὶ εἰς τοὺς φυλέτας δι᾽ ἐμέ.
[81] Next I brought an action against Meidias for slander and gained the verdict by default, for he did not appear. He had put himself into my power by failing to pay the fine, but I did not lay hands on his property. Instead I obtained leave to bring an action for ejectment, but to this day I have never been able to commence it, such shifts and quibbles does he find to thwart me. While I think it my duty to proceed thus with caution, legally and constitutionally, Meidias, as you learn, thought fit to treat with brutal insolence not only me and mine, but also my fellow-tribesmen through me.
[82] ὡς οὖν ταῦτ᾽ ἀληθῆ λέγω, κάλει μοι τούτων τοὺς μάρτυρας, ἵν᾽ εἰδῆθ᾽ ὅτι, πρὶν κατὰ τοὺς νόμους δίκην ὧν πρότερον ἠδικήθην λαβεῖν, πάλιν τοιαῦθ᾽ οἷ᾽ ἀκηκόαθ᾽ ὕβρισμαι.”Μαρτυρία