by Demosthenes
Now let me have the law concerning bribery.
[108] ἐν ὅσῳ δὲ τὸν νόμον, ὦ ἄνδρες Ἀθηναῖοι, λαμβάνει, βούλομαι μικρὰ πρὸς ὑμᾶς εἰπεῖν, δεηθεὶς ὑμῶν ἁπάντων πρὸς Διὸς καὶ θεῶν, ὦ ἄνδρες δικασταί: περὶ πάντων ὧν ἂν ἀκούητε, τοῦθ᾽ ὑποθέντες ἀκούετε τῇ γνώμῃ, τί ἄν, εἴ τις ἔπασχε ταῦθ᾽ ὑμῶν, ἐποίει, καὶ τίν᾽ ἂν εἶχεν ὀργὴν ὑπὲρ αὑτοῦ πρὸς τὸν ποιοῦντα. ἐγὼ γὰρ ἐνηνοχὼς χαλεπῶς ἐφ᾽ οἷς περὶ τὴν λῃτουργίαν ὑβρίσθην, ἔτι πολλῷ χαλεπώτερον, ὦ ἄνδρες Ἀθηναῖοι, τούτοις τοῖς μετὰ ταῦτ᾽ ἐνήνοχα καὶ μᾶλλον ἠγανάκτηκα.
[108] While the clerk is finding the statute, men of Athens, I wish to address a few words to you. I appeal to all of you jurymen, in the name of Zeus and all the gods, that whatever you hear in court, you may listen to it with this in your minds: What would one of you do, if he were the victim of this treatment, and what anger would he feel on his own account against the author of it? Seriously distressed as I was at the insults that I endured in the discharge of my public service, I am far more seriously distressed and indignant at what ensued.
[109] τί γὰρ ὡς ἀληθῶς πέρας ἂν φήσειέ τις εἶναι κακίας καὶ τίν᾽ ὑπερβολὴν ἀναιδείας καὶ ὠμότητος καὶ ὕβρεως, ἄνθρωπος εἰ ποιήσας δεινὰ νὴ Δία καὶ πόλλ᾽ ἀδίκως τινά, ἀντὶ τοῦ ταῦτ᾽ ἀναλαμβάνειν καὶ μεταγιγνώσκειν, πολλῷ δεινότερ᾽ ὕστερον ἄλλα προσεξεργάζοιτο, καὶ χρῷτο τῷ πλουτεῖν μὴ ἐπὶ ταῦτ᾽ ἐν οἷς μηδένα βλάπτων αὐτὸς ἄμεινόν τι τῶν ἰδίων θήσεται, ἀλλ᾽ ἐπὶ τἀναντία, ἐν οἷς ἀδίκως ἐκβάλλων τινὰ καὶ προπηλακίσας αὑτὸν εὐδαιμονιεῖ τῆς περιουσίας;
[109] For in truth, what bounds can be set to wickedness, and how can shamelessness, brutality and insolence go farther, if a man who has committed grave-yes, grave and repeated wrongs against another, instead of making amends and repenting of the evil, should afterwards add more serious outrages and should employ his riches, not to further his own interests without prejudice to others, but for the opposite purpose of driving his victim into exile unjustly and covering him with ignominy, while he gloats over his own superabundance of wealth?
[110] ταῦτα τοίνυν, ὦ ἄνδρες Ἀθηναῖοι, πάντα τούτῳ πέπρακται κατ᾽ ἐμοῦ. καὶ γὰρ αἰτίαν ἐπήγαγέ μοι φόνου ψευδῆ καὶ οὐδὲν ἐμοὶ προσήκουσαν, ὡς τὸ πρᾶγμ᾽ αὔτ᾽ ἐδήλωσεν, καὶ γραφὴν λιποταξίου μ᾽ ἐγράψατο τρεῖς αὐτὸς τάξεις λελοιπώς, καὶ τῶν ἐν Εὐβοίᾳ πραγμάτων （τουτὶ γὰρ αὖ μικροῦ παρῆλθέ μ᾽ εἰπεῖν）, ἃ Πλούταρχος ὁ τούτου ξένος καὶ φίλος διεπράξατο, ὡς ἐγὼ αἴτιός εἰμι, κατεσκεύαζε πρὸ τοῦ τὸ πρᾶγμα γενέσθαι πᾶσιν φανερὸν διὰ Πλουτάρχου γεγονός.
[110] All that, men of Athens, is just what has been done by Meidias. He brought against me a false charge of murder, in which, as the facts proved, I was in no way concerned; he indicted me for desertion, having himself on three occasions deserted his post; and as for the troubles in Euboea — why, I nearly forgot to mention them!-troubles for which his bosom-friend Plutarchus was responsible, he contrived to have the blame laid at my door, before it became plain to everyone that Plutarchus was at the bottom of the whole business.
[111] καὶ τελευτῶν βουλεύειν μου λαχόντος δοκιμαζομένου κατηγόρει, καὶ τὸ πρᾶγμ᾽ εἰς ὑπέρδεινόν μοι περιέστη: ἀντὶ γὰρ τοῦ δίκην ὑπὲρ ὧν ἐπεπόνθειν λαβεῖν, δοῦναι πραγμάτων ὧν οὐδὲν ἐμοὶ προσῆκεν ἐκινδύνευον. καὶ ταῦτα πάσχων ἐγὼ καὶ τοῦτον τὸν τρόπον ὃν διεξέρχομαι νυνὶ πρὸς ὑμᾶς ἐλαυνόμενος, οὐκ ὢν οὔτε τῶν ἐρημοτάτων οὔτε τῶν ἀπόρων κομιδῇ, οὐκ ἔχω, ὦ ἄνδρες Ἀθηναῖοι, τί χρὴ ποιῆσαι.
[111] Lastly, when I was made senator by lot, he denounced me at the scrutiny, and the business proved a very real danger for me; for instead of getting compensation for the injuries I had suffered, I was in danger of being punished for acts with which I had no concern. Having such grievances and being persecuted in the way that I have just described to you, but at the same time being neither quite friendless nor exactly a poor man, I am uncertain, men of Athens, what I ought to do.
[112] εἰ γὰρ εἰπεῖν τι καὶ περὶ τούτων ἤδη δεῖ, οὐ μέτεστι τῶν ἴσων οὐδὲ τῶν ὁμοίων, ὦ ἄνδρες Ἀθηναῖοι, πρὸς τοὺς πλουσίους τοῖς λοιποῖς ἡμῖν, οὐ μέτεστιν, οὔ: ἀλλὰ καὶ χρόνοι τούτοις τοῦ τὴν δίκην ὑποσχεῖν, οὓς ἂν αὐτοὶ βούλωνται, δίδονται, καὶ τἀδικήμαθ᾽ ἕωλα τὰ τούτων ὡς ὑμᾶς καὶ ψύχρ᾽ ἀφικνεῖται, τῶν δ᾽ ἄλλων ἡμῶν ἕκαστος, ἄν τι συμβῇ, πρόσφατος κρίνεται. καὶ μάρτυρές εἰσιν ἕτοιμοι τούτοις καὶ συνήγοροι πάντες καθ᾽ ἡμῶν εὐτρεπεῖς: ἐμοὶ δ᾽ οὐδὲ τἀληθῆ μαρτυρεῖν ἐθέλοντας ὁρᾶτ᾽ ἐνίους.
[112] For, if I may add a word on this subject also, where the rich are concerned, Athenians, the rest of us have no share in our just and equal rights. Indeed we have not. The rich can choose their own time for facing a jury, and their crimes are stale and cold when they are dished up before you, but if any of the rest of us is in trouble, he is brought into court while all is fresh. The rich have witnesses and counsel in readiness, all primed against us; but, as you see, my witnesses are some of them unwilling even to bear testimony to the truth.
[113] ταῦτα μὲν οὖν ἀπείποι τις ἄν, οἶμαι, θρηνῶν. τὸν δὲ νόμον μοι λέγ᾽ ἐφεξῆς, ὥσπερ ἠρξάμην. λέγε.”Νόμος
ἐάν τις Ἀθηναίων λαμβάνῃ παρά τινος, ἢ αὐτὸς διδῷ ἑτέρῳ, ἢ διαφθείρῃ τινὰς ἐπαγγελλόμενος, ἐπὶ βλάβῃ τοῦ δήμου ἢ ἰδίᾳ τινὸς τῶν πολιτῶν, τρόπῳ ἢ μηχανῇ ᾑτινιοῦν, ἄτιμος ἔστω καὶ παῖδες καὶ τὰ ἐκείνου.”
[113] One might harp on these grievances till one was weary, I suppose; but now recite in full the law which I began to quote. Read.”Law
If any Athenian accepts a bribe from another, or himself offers it to another, or corrupts anyone by promises, to the detriment of the people in general, or of any individual citizen, by any means or device whatsoever, he shall be disfranchised together with his children, and his property shall be confiscated.”
[114] οὕτω τοίνυν οὗτός ἐστ᾽ ἀσεβὴς καὶ μιαρὸς καὶ πᾶν ἂν ὑποστὰς εἰπεῖν καὶ πρᾶξαι, εἰ δ᾽ ἀληθὲς ἢ ψεῦδος ἢ πρὸς ἐχθρὸν ἢ φίλον ἢ τὰ τοιαῦτα, ἀλλ᾽ οὐδ᾽ ὁτιοῦν διορίζων, ὥστ᾽ ἐπαιτιασάμενός με φόνου καὶ τοιοῦτο πρᾶγμ᾽ ἐπαγαγών, εἴασε μέν μ᾽ εἰσιτητήρι᾽ ὑπὲρ τῆ�
� βουλῆς ἱεροποιῆσαι καὶ θῦσαι καὶ κατάρξασθαι τῶν ἱερῶν ὑπὲρ ὑμῶν καὶ ὅλης τῆς πόλεως,
[114] This man, then, is so impious, so abandoned, so ready to say or do anything, without stopping for a moment to ask whether it is true or false, whether it touches an enemy or a friend, or any such question, that after accusing me of murder and bringing that grave charge against me, he suffered me to conduct initiatory rites and sacrifices for the Council, and to inaugurate the victims on behalf of you and all the State;
[115] εἴασε δ᾽ ἀρχεθεωροῦντ᾽ ἀγαγεῖν τῷ Διὶ τῷ Νεμείῳ τὴν κοινὴν ὑπὲρ τῆς πόλεως θεωρίαν, περιεῖδε δὲ ταῖς σεμναῖς θεαῖς ἱεροποιὸν αἱρεθέντ᾽ ἐξ Ἀθηναίων ἁπάντων τρίτον αὐτὸν καὶ καταρξάμενον τῶν ἱερῶν. ἆρ᾽ ἄν, εἴ γ᾽ εἶχε στιγμὴν ἢ σκιὰν τούτων ὧν κατεσκεύαζεν κατ᾽ ἐμοῦ, ταῦτ᾽ ἂν εἴασεν; ἐγὼ μὲν οὐκ οἶμαι. οὐκοῦν ἐξελέγχεται τούτοις ἐναργῶς ὕβρει ζητῶν μ᾽ ἐκβάλλειν ἐκ τῆς πατρίδος.
[115] he suffered me as head of the Sacred Embassy to lead it in the name of the city to the Nemean shrine of Zeus; he raised no objection when I was chosen with two colleagues to inaugurate the sacrifice to the Dread Goddesses. Would he have allowed all this, if he had had one jot or tittle of proof for the charges that he was trumping up against me? I cannot believe it. So then this is conclusive proof that he was seeking in mere wanton spite to drive me from my native land.
[116] ἐπειδὴ τοίνυν τοῦτο τὸ πρᾶγμ᾽ οὐδὲ καθ᾽ ἕν, πανταχῇ στρέφων, οἷός τ᾽ ἦν ἀγαγεῖν ἐπ᾽ ἐμέ, φανερῶς ἤδη δι᾽ ἐμὲ τὸν Ἀρίσταρχον ἐσυκοφάντει. καὶ τὰ μὲν ἄλλα σιωπῶ: τῆς δὲ βουλῆς περὶ τούτων καθημένης καὶ σκοπουμένης, παρελθὼν οὗτος ‘ἀγνοεῖτ᾽’ ἔφη ‘ὦ βουλή, τὸ πρᾶγμα; καὶ τὸν αὐτόχειρ᾽ ἔχοντες’ λέγων τὸν Ἀρίσταρχον ‘μέλλετε καὶ ζητεῖτε καὶ τετύφωσθε; οὐκ ἀποκτενεῖτε; οὐκ ἐπὶ τὴν οἰκίαν βαδιεῖσθε;
[116] Then, when for all his desperate shifts he could bring none of these charges home to me, he turned informer against Aristarchus, aiming evidently at me. To pass over other incidents, when the Council was in session and was investigating the murder, Meidias came in and cried, “Don’t you know the facts of the case, Councillors? Are you wasting time and groping blindly for the murderer, when you have him already in your hands?”-meaning Aristarchus. “Won’t you put him to death? Won’t you go to his house and arrest him?”
[117] οὐχὶ συλλήψεσθε;’ καὶ ταῦτ᾽ ἔλεγ᾽ ἡ μιαρὰ καὶ ἀναιδὴς αὕτη κεφαλή, ἐξεληλυθὼς τῇ προτεραίᾳ παρ᾽ Ἀριστάρχου, καὶ χρώμενος ὥσπερ ἂν ἄλλος τις τὰ πρὸ τούτου, καί, ὅτ᾽ ηὐτύχει, πλεῖστα παρεσχηκότος ἐκείνου πράγματά μοι περὶ τῶν πρὸς τοῦτον ἀπαλλαγῶν. εἰ μὲν οὖν εἰργάσθαι τι τούτων ἐφ᾽ οἷς ἀπόλωλεν ἡγούμενος τὸν Ἀρίσταρχον καὶ πεπιστευκὼς τοῖς τῶν αἰτιασαμένων λόγοις ταῦτ᾽ ἔλεγεν,
[117] Such was the language of this shameless and abandoned reptile, though only the day before he had stepped out of Aristarchus’s house, though up till then he had been as intimate with him as anyone could be, and though Aristarchus in the day of his prosperity had often importuned me to settle my suit with Meidias out of court. Now if he said this to the Council, believing that Aristarchus had actually committed the crime which has since proved his ruin, and trusting to the tale told by his accusers, yet even so the speech was unpardonable.
[118] χρῆν μὲν οὐδ᾽ οὕτω （μετρία γὰρ δίκη παρὰ τῶν φίλων ἐστίν, ἄν τι δοκῶσι πεποιηκέναι δεινόν, μηκέτι τῆς λοιπῆς φιλίας κοινωνεῖν, τὸ δὲ τιμωρεῖσθαι καὶ ἐπεξιέναι τοῖς πεπονθόσι καὶ τοῖς ἐχθροῖς παραλείπεται）: ὅμως δ᾽ ἔστω τούτῳ γε συγγνώμη. εἰ δὲ λαλῶν μὲν καὶ ὁμωρόφιος γιγνόμενος ὡς οὐδὲν εἰργασμένῳ φανήσεται, λέγων δὲ καὶ καταιτιώμενος ταῦθ᾽ εἵνεκα τοῦ συκοφαντεῖν ἐμέ, πῶς οὐ δεκάκις, μᾶλλον δὲ μυριάκις δίκαιός ἐστ᾽ ἀπολωλέναι;
[118] Upon friends, if they seem to have done something serious, one should impose the moderate penalty of withdrawing from their friendship; vengeance and prosecution should be left to their victims or their enemies. Yet in a man like Meidias this may be condoned. But if it shall appear that he chatted familiarly under the same roof with Aristarchus, as if he were perfectly innocent, and then uttered those damning charges against him in order to involve me in a false accusation, does he not deserve to be put to death ten times — no! ten thousand times over?
[119] ἀλλὰ μὴν ὡς ἀληθῆ λέγω καὶ τῇ μὲν προτεραίᾳ ὅτε ταῦτ᾽ ἔλεγεν, εἰσεληλύθει καὶ διείλεκτ᾽ ἐκείνῳ, τῇ δ᾽ ὑστεραίᾳ πάλιν （τοῦτο γάρ, τοῦτ᾽ οὐκ ἔχον ἐστὶν ὑπερβολὴν ἀκαθαρσίας, ἄνδρες Ἀθηναῖοι） εἰσελθὼν οἴκαδ᾽ ὡς ἐκεῖνον καὶ ἐφεξῆς οὑτωσὶ καθεζόμενος, τὴν δεξιὰν ἐμβαλών, παρόντων πολλῶν, μετὰ τοὺς ἐν τῇ βουλῇ τούτους λόγους, ἐν οἷς αὐτόχειρα καὶ τὰ δεινότατ᾽ εἰρήκει τὸν Ἀρίσταρχον, ὤμνυε μὲν κατ᾽ ἐξωλείας μηδὲν εἰρηκέναι κατ᾽ αὐτοῦ φλαῦρον, καὶ οὐδὲν ἐφρόντιζ᾽ ἐπιορκῶν, καὶ ταῦτα παρόντων τῶν συνειδότων, ἠξίου δὲ καὶ πρὸς ἔμ᾽ αὑτῷ δι᾽ ἐκείνου γίγνεσθαι τὰς διαλύσεις, τούτων τοὺς παρόντας ὑμῖν καλῶ μάρτυρας.
[119] I am going to call the witnesses now present in court to prove that my version of the facts is correct; that on the day before he told that tale to the Council, he had entered Aristarchus’s house and had a conversation with him; that on the next day-and this, men of Athens, this for vileness is impossible to beat — he went into his house and sat as close to him as this, and put his hand in his, in the presence of many witnesses, after that speech in the Council in which he had called Aristarchus a murderer and said the most terrible things of him; that he invoked utter destruction on himself if he had said a word in his disparagement; that he never thought twice about his perjury, though there were people present who knew the truth, and he actually begged him to use his influence to bring about a reconciliation with me.
[120] καίτοι πῶς οὐ δεινόν, ὦ ἄνδρες Ἀθηναῖοι, μᾶλλον δ᾽ ἀσεβές, λέγειν ὡς φονεύς, καὶ πάλιν ὡς οὐκ εἴρηκε ταῦτ᾽ ἀπομνύναι, καὶ φόνον μὲν ὀνειδίζειν, τούτῳ δ᾽ ὁμωρόφιον γίγνεσθαι; κἂν μὲν ἀφῶ τοῦτον ἐγὼ καὶ προδῶ τὴν ὑμετέραν καταχειροτονίαν, οὐδέν, ὡς ἔοικ᾽, ἀδικῶ: ἂν δ᾽ ἐπεξίω, λέλοιπα τὴν τάξιν, φόνον κοινωνῶ, δεῖ μ᾽ ἀνηρπάσθαι. ἐγὼ δ᾽ αὐτὸ τοὐναντίον οἶμαι, εἰ τοῦτον ἀφῆκα, λελοιπέναι μέν, ὦ ἄνδρες Ἀθηναῖοι, τ�
��ν τοῦ δικαίου τάξιν, φόνου δ᾽ ἂν εἰκότως ἐμαυτῷ λαχεῖν: οὐ γὰρ ἦν μοι δήπου βιωτὸν τοῦτο ποιήσαντι.
[120] And yet, Athenians, must we not call it a crime, or rather an impiety, to say that a man is a murderer and then swear that one has never said this to reproach a man with murder and then sit in the same room with him? And if I let him off now and so stultify your vote of condemnation, I am an innocent man apparently; but if I proceed with my case, I am a deserter, I am accessory to a murder, I deserve extermination. I am quite of the contrary opinion, men of Athens. If I had let Meidias off, then I should have been a deserter from the cause of justice, and I might reasonably have charged myself with murder, for life would have been impossible for me, had I acted thus.
[121] ὅτι τοίνυν καὶ ταῦτ᾽ ἀληθῆ λέγω, κάλει μοι καὶ τούτων τοὺς μάρτυρας.”Μάρτυρες
Λυσίμαχος Ἀλωπεκῆθεν, Δημέας Σουνιεύς, Χάρης Θορίκιος, Φιλήμων Σφήττιος, Μόσχος Παιανιεύς, καθ᾽ οὓς καιροὺς ἡ εἰσαγγελία ἐδόθη εἰς τὴν βουλὴν ὑπὲρ Ἀριστάρχου τοῦ Μόσχου, ὅτι εἴη Νικόδημον ἀπεκτονώς, οἴδαμεν Μειδίαν τὸν κρινόμενον ὑπὸ Δημοσθένους, ᾧ μαρτυροῦμεν, ἐλθόντα πρὸς τὴν βουλὴν καὶ λέγοντα μηδένα ἕτερον εἶναι τὸν Νικοδήμου φονέα, ἀλλ᾽ Ἀρίσταρχον, καὶ τοῦτον αὐτοῦ γεγονέναι αὐτόχειρα, καὶ συμβουλεύοντα τῇ βουλῇ βαδίζειν ἐπὶ τὴν οἰκίαν τὴν Ἀριστάρχου καὶ συλλαμβάνειν αὐτόν. ταῦτα δ᾽ ἔλεγε πρὸς τὴν βουλὴν τῇ προτεραίᾳ μετ᾽ Ἀριστάρχου καὶ μεθ᾽ ἡμῶν συνδεδειπνηκώς. οἴδαμεν δὲ καὶ Μειδίαν, ὡς ἀπῆλθεν ἀπὸ τῆς βουλῆς τούτους τοὺς λόγους εἰρηκώς, εἰσεληλυθότα πάλιν ὡς Ἀρίσταρχον καὶ τὴν δεξιὰν ὡς ἐμβεβληκότα καὶ ὀμνύοντα κατ᾽ ἐξωλείας μηδὲν κατ᾽ αὐτοῦ πρὸς τὴν βουλὴν εἰρηκέναι φαῦλον, καὶ ἀξιοῦντα Ἀρίσταρχον ὅπως ἂν διαλλάξῃ αὐτῷ Δημοσθένην.”