by Demosthenes
[149] γένους εἵνεκα νὴ Δία: καὶ τίς οὐκ οἶδεν ὑμῶν τὰς ἀπορρήτους, ὥσπερ ἐν τραγῳδίᾳ, τὰς τούτου γονάς; ᾧ δύ᾽ ἐναντιώτατα συμβέβηκεν εἶναι: ἡ μὲν γὰρ ὡς ἀληθῶς μήτηρ, ἡ τεκοῦσ᾽ αὐτόν, πλεῖστον ἁπάντων ἀνθρώπων εἶχε νοῦν, ἡ δὲ δοκοῦσα καὶ ὑποβαλομένη πασῶν ἦν ἀνοητοτάτη γυναικῶν. σημεῖον δέ: ἡ μὲν γὰρ ἀπέδοτ᾽ εὐθὺς γενόμενον, ἡ δ᾽ ἐξὸν αὐτῇ βελτίω πρίασθαι τῆς αὐτῆς τιμῆς τοῦτον ἠγόρασεν.
[149] For the sake of his family perhaps? And who of you does not know the mysterious story of his birth — quite like a melodrama? He was the sport of two opposing circumstances. The real mother who bore him was the most sensible of mortals; his reputed mother who adopted him was the silliest woman in the world. Do you ask why? The one sold him as soon as he was born; the other purchased him, when she might have got a better bargain at the same figure.
[150] καὶ γάρ τοι διὰ τοῦτο τῶν οὐ προσηκόντων ἀγαθῶν κύριος γεγονώς, καὶ πατρίδος τετυχηκὼς ἣ νόμοις τῶν ἁπασῶν πόλεων μάλιστ᾽ οἰκεῖσθαι δοκεῖ, οὐδέν᾽ οἶμαι τρόπον φέρειν οὐδὲ χρῆσθαι τούτοις δύναται, ἀλλὰ τὸ τῆς φύσεως ὡς ἀληθῶς βάρβαρον καὶ θεοῖς ἐχθρὸν ἕλκει καὶ βιάζεται, καὶ φανερὸν ποιεῖ τοῖς παροῦσιν ὥσπερ ἀλλοτρίοις, ὅπερ ἔστιν, αὐτὸν χρώμενον.
[150] And yet, though he has thus become the possessor of privileges to which he has no claim, and has found a fatherland which is reputed to be of all states the most firmly based upon its laws, he seems utterly unable to submit to those laws or abide by them. His true, native barbarism and hatred of religion drive him on by force and betray the fact that he treats his present rights as if they were not his own — as indeed they are not.
[151] τοσούτων τοίνυν καὶ τοιούτων ὄντων ἃ τῷ βδελυρῷ τούτῳ καὶ ἀναιδεῖ βεβίωται, ἔνιοί μοι προσιόντες, ὦ ἄνδρες δικασταί, τῶν χρωμένων αὐτῷ, παραινοῦντες ἀπαλλαγῆναι καὶ καθυφεῖναι τὸν ἀγῶνα τουτονί, ἐπειδή με μὴ πείθοιεν, ὡς μὲν οὐ πολλὰ καὶ δεινὰ πεποίηκεν οὗτος καὶ δίκην ἡντινοῦν ἂν δοίη δικαίως τῶν πεπραγμένων, οὐκ ἐτόλμων λέγειν, ἐπὶ ταῦτα δ᾽ ἀπήντων ὡς ‘ἑάλωκεν ἤδη καὶ κατεψήφισται: τίνος τιμήσειν αὐτῷ προσδοκᾷς τὸ δικαστήριον; οὐχ ὁρᾷς ὅτι πλουτεῖ καὶ τριηραρχίας ἐρεῖ καὶ λῃτουργίας; σκόπει δὴ μὴ τούτοις αὑτὸν ἐξαιτήσηται, καὶ ἐλάττω πολὺ τῇ πόλει καταθεὶς ἢ ὅσα σοι δίδωσι καταγελάσῃ.’
[151] Such, then, being the events that make up the life of this shameless blackguard, some of his associates came to me, gentlemen of the jury, urging me to retire and drop this action; but finding me unmoved, they did not venture to assert that he was innocent of all these crimes and would not deserve the severest penalty for his deeds. They took this line of argument. “He has already been convicted and condemned; what fine do you expect the court to impose on him? Do you not see that he is a rich man and will talk about the equipment of war-galleys and other public services? Then take care that he does not beg himself off by such pleas, and make you his laughingstock, when he pays the State a far less sum than he now offers you.”
[152] ἐγὼ δὲ πρῶτον μὲν οὐδὲν ἀγεννὲς ὑμῶν καταγιγνώσκω, οὐδ᾽ ὑπολαμβάνω τιμήσειν οὐδὲν ἐλάττονος τούτῳ ἢ ὅσον καταθεὶς οὗτος παύσεται τῆς ὕβρεως: τοῦτο δ᾽ ἐστὶ μάλιστα μὲν θάνατος, εἰ δὲ μή, πάντα τὰ ὄντ᾽ ἀφελέσθαι. ἔπειθ᾽ ὑπὲρ τῶν τούτου λῃτουργιῶν καὶ τῶν τριηραρχιῶν καὶ τῶν τοιούτων λόγων ὡδὶ γιγνώσκω.
[152] For myself, in the first place, I do not charge you with anything dishonorable, nor do I suppose that you will lay on him a lighter punishment than will effectually check his insolence; and that means, for choice, death, or failing that, at least the confiscation of all his property. In the next place, my own opinion about his trierarchies and public services and pleas of that sort is this.
[153] εἰ μέν ἐστιν, ὦ ἄνδρες Ἀθηναῖοι, τὸ λῃτουργεῖν τοῦτο, τὸ ἐν ὑμῖν λέγειν ἐν ἁπάσαις ταῖς ἐκκλησίαις καὶ πανταχοῦ ‘ἡμεῖς οἱ λῃτουργοῦντες, ἡμεῖς οἱ προεισφέροντες ὑμῖν, ἡμεῖς οἱ πλούσιοί ἐσμεν,’ εἰ τὸ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγειν, τοῦτ᾽ ἔστιν λῃτουργεῖν, ὁμολογῶ Μειδίαν ἁπάντων τῶν ἐν τῇ πόλει λαμπρότατον γεγενῆσθαι: ἀποκναίει γὰρ ἀηδίᾳ δήπου καὶ ἀναισθησίᾳ καθ᾽ ἑκάστην τὴν ἐκκλησίαν ταῦτα λέγων.
[153] If, men of Athens, public service consists in saying to you at all the meetings of the Assembly and on every possible occasion, “We are the men who perform the public services; we are those who advance your tax-money; we are the capitalists” — if that is all it means, then I confess that Meidias has shown himself the most distinguished citizen of Athens; for he bores us at every Assembly by these tasteless and tactless boasts.
[154] εἰ μέντοι τί ποτ᾽ ἐστὶν ἃ λῃτουργεῖ τῇ ἀληθείᾳ δεῖ σκοπεῖν, ἐγὼ πρὸς ὑμᾶς ἐρῶ: καὶ θεάσασθ᾽ ὡς δικαίως αὐτὸν ἐξετάσω, πρὸς ἐμαυτὸν κρίνων. οὗτος, ὦ ἄνδρες Ἀθηναῖοι, γεγονὼς ἔτη περὶ πεντήκοντ᾽ ἴσως ἢ μικρὸν ἔλαττον οὐδὲν ἐμοῦ πλείους λῃτουργίας ὑμῖν λελῃτούργηκεν, ὃς δύο καὶ τριάκοντ᾽ ἔτη γέγονα. κἀγὼ μὲν κατ᾽ ἐκείνους τοὺς χρόνους ἐτριηράρχουν, εὐθὺς ἐκ παίδων ἐξελθών, ὅτε σύνδυ᾽ ἦμεν οἱ τριήραρχοι καὶ τἀναλώματα πάντ᾽ ἐκ τῶν ἰδίων οἴκων καὶ τὰς ναῦς ἐπληρούμεθ᾽ αὐτοί:
[154] But if you want to find out how he really performs his services, I will tell you; and please mark with what fairness I shall test him, for I will compare him with myself. This man, Athenians, who is about fifty years old or only a trifle less, has not performed more public services than I, who am only two and thirty. Moreover I, as soon as I had reached man’s estate, undertook the trierarchy in the days when only two shared the duty, and when we paid all the expenses from our own purses and provided the crews ourselves.
[155] οὗτος δέ, ὅτε μὲν κατὰ ταύτην τὴν ἡλικίαν ἦν ἣν ἐγὼ νῦν, οὐδέπω λῃτουργεῖν ἤρχετο, τηνικαῦτα δὲ τοῦ πράγματος ἧπται, ὅτε πρῶτον μὲν διακοσίους καὶ χιλίους πεποιήκατε συντελεῖς ὑμεῖς, παρ᾽ ὧν εἰσπραττόμενοι τάλαντον ταλάντου μισθοῦσι τὰς τριηραρχίας οὗτοι, εἶτα πληρώμαθ᾽ ἡ πόλις παρέχει καὶ σκεύη δίδωσιν, ὥστ᾽ αὐτῶν ἐνίοις τῇ ἀληθείᾳ τὸ μηδὲν ἀναλῶσαι καὶ δοκεῖν λελῃτουργηκέναι καὶ τῶν ἄλ�
�ων λῃτουργιῶν ἀτελεῖς γεγενῆσθαι περίεστιν.
[155] Meidias, when he was of my present age, had not yet begun to perform services; he has only put his hand to the task since you made twelve hundred citizens joint contributors, from whom such men as Meidias exact a talent and then contract for the equipment of the war-galley at the same price. After this the State provides the crews and furnishes the tackle; so that some of them succeed in really spending nothing at all and by pretending to have performed one public service enjoy exemption from the rest.
[156] ἀλλὰ μὴν τί ἄλλο; τραγῳδοῖς κεχορήγηκέ ποθ᾽ οὗτος, ἐγὼ δ᾽ αὐληταῖς ἀνδράσιν. καὶ ὅτι τοῦτο τἀνάλωμ᾽ ἐκείνης τῆς δαπάνης πλέον ἐστὶ πολλῷ, οὐδεὶς ἀγνοεῖ δήπου. κἀγὼ μὲν ἐθελοντὴς νῦν, οὗτος δὲ καταστὰς ἐξ ἀντιδόσεως τότε, οὗ χάριν οὐδεμίαν δήπου δικαίως ἄν τις ἔχοι. τί ἔτι; εἱστίακα τὴν φυλὴν ἐγὼ καὶ Παναθηναίοις κεχορήγηκα, οὗτος δ᾽ οὐδέτερα.
[156] Well, is there anything else? He has once equipped a tragic chorus; I have furnished a band of male flute-players; and everyone knows that the latter involves much greater expense than the former. Moreover my service is voluntary; his was only undertaken after a challenge to exchange property. Therefore no one could justly allow him any credit for it. What else? I have feasted my tribe and equipped a chorus for the Panathenaea; he has done neither.
[157] ἡγεμὼν συμμορίας ὑμῖν ἐγενόμην ἐγὼ ἔτη δέκα, ἴσον Φορμίωνι καὶ Λυσιθείδῃ καὶ Καλλαίσχρῳ καὶ τοῖς πλουσιωτάτοις, εἰσφέρων οὐκ ἀφ᾽ ὑπαρχούσης οὐσίας （ὑπὸ γὰρ τῶν ἐπιτρόπων ἀπεστερήμην）, ἀλλ᾽ ἀπὸ τῆς δόξης ὧν ὁ πατήρ μοι κατέλιπεν καὶ ὧν δίκαιον ἦν με δοκιμασθέντα κομίσασθαι. ἐγὼ μὲν οὖν οὕτως ὑμῖν προσενήνεγμαι, Μειδίας δὲ πῶς; οὐδέπω καὶ τήμερον συμμορίας ἡγεμὼν γέγονεν, οὐδὲν τῶν πατρῴων ἀποστερηθεὶς ὑπ᾽ οὐδενός, ἀλλὰ παρὰ τοῦ πατρὸς πολλὴν οὐσίαν παραλαβών.
[157] I was chairman of one of the tax-syndicates for ten years, contributing the same share as Phormio, Lysitheides, Callaeschrus, and the richest citizens, not from my actual property, of which my guardians had robbed me, but from the estimated wealth which my father had left and which I was entitled to inherit when I had passed the scrutiny for citizenship. That is how I have borne myself towards you; but how has Meidias? To this day he has never been chairman of a syndicate, though no one has ever robbed him of any part of his inheritance and he has received from his father a large property.
[158] τίς οὖν ἡ λαμπρότης, ἢ τίνες αἱ λῃτουργίαι καὶ τὰ σέμν᾽ ἀναλώματα τούτου; ἐγὼ μὲν γὰρ οὐχ ὁρῶ, πλὴν εἰ ταῦτά τις θεωρεῖ: οἰκίαν ᾠκοδόμηκεν Ἐλευσῖνι τοσαύτην ὥστε πᾶσιν ἐπισκοτεῖν τοῖς ἐν τῷ τόπῳ, καὶ εἰς μυστήρια τὴν γυναῖκ᾽ ἄγει, κἂν ἄλλοσέ ποι βούληται, ἐπὶ τοῦ λευκοῦ ζεύγους τοῦ ἐκ Σικυῶνος, καὶ τρεῖς ἀκολούθους ἢ τέτταρας αὐτὸς ἔχων διὰ τῆς ἀγορᾶς σοβεῖ, κυμβία καὶ ῥυτὰ καὶ φιάλας ὀνομάζων οὕτως ὥστε τοὺς παριόντας ἀκούειν.
[158] In what, then, consist his splendor, his public services and his lordly expenditure? I cannot for the life of me see, unless one fixes one’s attention on these facts. He has built at Eleusis a mansion huge enough to overshadow his neighbors; he drives his wife to the Mysteries, or anywhere else that he wishes, with a pair of greys from Sicyon; he swaggers about the market-place with three or four henchmen in attendance, describing beakers and drinking-horns and cups loud enough for the passers-by to hear.
[159] ἐγὼ δ᾽ ὅσα μὲν τῆς ἰδίας τρυφῆς εἵνεκα Μειδίας καὶ περιουσίας κτᾶται, οὐκ οἶδ᾽ ὅ τι τοὺς πολλοὺς ὑμῶν ὠφελεῖ: ἃ δ᾽ ἐπαιρόμενος τούτοις ὑβρίζει, ἐπὶ πολλοὺς καὶ τοὺς τυχόντας ἡμῶν ἀφικνούμεν᾽ ὁρῶ. οὐ δεῖ δὴ τὰ τοιαῦθ᾽ ἑκάστοτε τιμᾶν οὐδὲ θαυμάζειν ὑμᾶς, οὐδὲ τὴν φιλοτιμίαν ἐκ τούτων κρίνειν, εἴ τις οἰκοδομεῖ λαμπρῶς ἢ θεραπαίνας κέκτηται πολλὰς ἢ σκεύη καλά, ἀλλ᾽ ὃς ἂν ἐν τούτοις λαμπρὸς καὶ φιλότιμος ᾖ, ὧν ἅπασι μέτεστι τοῖς πολλοῖς ὑμῶν: ὧν οὐδὲν εὑρήσετε τούτῳ προσόν.
[159] I do not see how the mass of Athenians are benefited by all the wealth that Meidias retains for private luxury and superfluous display; I do see that his insolence, fostered by his wealth, affects many of us ordinary folk. You ought not to show respect and admiration for such things on every occasion, nor judge a man’s public spirit by such tests as these — whether he builds himself a splendid house or keeps many maid-servants or handsome furniture, but whether his splendor and public spirit are displayed in those things in which the majority of you can share. There you will find Meidias absolutely wanting.
[160] ἀλλὰ νὴ Δία τριήρη ἐπέδωκεν: ταύτην γὰρ οἶδ᾽ ὅτι θρυλήσει, καὶ φήσει ‘ἐγὼ ὑμῖν τριήρη ἐπέδωκα.’ οὑτωσὶ δὴ ποιήσατε. εἰ μέν, ὦ ἄνδρες Ἀθηναῖοι, φιλοτιμίας εἵνεκα ταύτην ἐπέδωκεν, ἣν προσήκει τῶν τοιούτων ἔχειν χάριν, ταύτην ἔχετ᾽ αὐτῷ καὶ ἀπόδοτε, ὑβρίζειν δὲ μὴ δῶτε: οὐδενὸς γὰρ πράγματος οὐδ᾽ ἔργου τοῦτο συγχωρητέον. εἰ δὲ δὴ καὶ δειλίας καὶ ἀνανδρίας εἵνεκα δειχθήσεται τοῦτο πεποιηκώς, μὴ παρακρουσθῆτε. πῶς οὖν εἴσεσθε; ἐγὼ καὶ τοῦτο διδάξω: ἄνωθεν δέ, βραχὺς γάρ ἐσθ᾽ ὁ λόγος, λέξω.
[160] But, mark you, he gave us a war-galley! I am sure he will brag about that vessel. “I,” he will say, “presented you with a trireme.” Now this is how you must deal with him. If, men of Athens, he gave it from patriotic motives, be duly grateful and pay him the thanks that such a gift deserves. But do not give him a chance to air his insolence; that must not be conceded as the price of any act or deed. If, on the other hand, it is proved that his motive was cowardice and malingering, do not be led astray. How then will you know? This too I will explain. I will tell you the story from the start: it is not a long one.
[161] ἐγένοντ᾽ εἰς Εὔβοιαν ἐπιδόσεις παρ᾽ ὑμῖν πρῶται: τούτων οὐκ ἦν Μειδίας, ἀλλ᾽ ἐγώ, καὶ συντριήραρχος ἦν μοι Φιλῖνος ὁ Νικοστράτου. ἕτεραι δεύτεραι μετὰ ταῦτ᾽ εἰς Ὄλυνθον: οὐδὲ τούτων ἦν Μειδίας. καίτοι τόν γε δὴ φιλότιμον πανταχοῦ προσῆκεν ἐξετάζεσθαι. τρίται νῦν αὗται γεγόνασιν ἐπιδόσεις: ἐνταῦθ᾽ ἐπέδωκεν. πῶς; ἐν τῇ βουλῇ γιγνομένων ἐπιδόσεων παρὼν οὐκ ἐπεδίδου τότε:
[161] Voluntary gifts were first introduced at Athens for the expedition to Euboea. Meidias was not one of those volunteers, but I was, and my colleague was Philinus, the son of Nicostratus. There was a second call subseq
uently for Olynthus. Meidias was not one of those volunteers either. Yet surely the public-spirited man ought to be found at his post on every occasion. We have now these voluntary gifts for the third time, and this time he did make an offer. But how? Though present in the Council when the gifts were being received, he made no offer then.
[162] ἐπειδὴ δὲ πολιορκεῖσθαι τοὺς ἐν Ταμύναις στρατιώτας ἐξηγγέλλετο, καὶ πάντας ἐξιέναι τοὺς ὑπολοίπους ἱππέας, ὧν εἷς οὗτος ἦν, προεβούλευσεν ἡ βουλή, τηνικαῦτα φοβηθεὶς τὴν στρατείαν ταύτην εἰς τὴν ἐπιοῦσαν ἐκκλησίαν, πρὶν καὶ προέδρους καθέζεσθαι, παρελθὼν ἐπέδωκεν. τῷ δῆλον, ὥστε μηδ᾽ ἀντειπεῖν αὐτὸν ἔχειν, ὅτι τὴν στρατείαν φεύγων, οὐ φιλοτιμίᾳ, τοῦτ᾽ ἐποίησεν; τοῖς μετὰ ταῦτα πραχθεῖσιν ὑπ᾽ αὐτοῦ.