by Demosthenes
[50] This affront did not touch the generals — no, for they could have silenced his abuse by paying him a trifling sum, but it was a gross insult to your action as electors and a proof of his own depravity. The officials chosen by lot he worried with his demands, extorting money from them and sparing them no insult. And now his latest exploit is to stir up confusion and dissension among us all by publishing false letters, for he was born to be the bane of all men, and his character is clearly shown by his life.
[51] σκοπεῖτε γάρ. εἰσὶν ὁμοῦ δισμύριοι πάντες Ἀθηναῖοι. τούτων ἕκαστος ἕν γέ τι πράττων κατὰ τὴν ἀγορὰν περιέρχεται, ἤτοι νὴ τὸν Ἡρακλέα τῶν κοινῶν ἢ τῶν ἰδίων. ἀλλ᾽ οὐχ οὗτος οὐδέν, οὐδ᾽ ἂν ἔχοι δεῖξαι πρὸς ὅτῳ τὸν βίον ἐστὶ τῶν μετρίων ἢ καλῶν. οὐχὶ τῶν πολιτικῶν ἀγαθῶν ἐπ᾽ οὐδενὶ τῇ ψυχῇ διατρίβει: οὐ τέχνης, οὐ γεωργίας, οὐκ ἄλλης ἐργασίας οὐδεμιᾶς ἐπιμελεῖται: οὐ φιλανθρωπίας, οὐχ ὁμιλίας οὐδεμιᾶς οὐδενὶ κοινωνεῖ:
[51] Just consider. There are something like twenty thousand citizens in all. Every single one of them frequents the market-place on some business （you may be sure）, either public or private. Not so the defendant. He cannot point to any decent or honorable business in which he has spent his life; he does not use his talents in the service of the State; he is not engaged in a profession or in agriculture or in any other business; he takes no part in any charitable or social organization:
[52] ἀλλὰ πορεύεται διὰ τῆς ἀγορᾶς, ὥσπερ ἔχις ἢ σκορπίος ἠρκὼς τὸ κέντρον, ᾁττων δεῦρο κἀκεῖσε, σκοπῶν τίνι συμφορὰν ἢ βλασφημίαν ἢ κακόν τι προστριψάμενος καὶ καταστήσας εἰς φόβον ἀργύριον εἰσπράξεται. οὐδὲ προσφοιτᾷ πρός τι τούτων τῶν ἐν τῇ πόλει κουρείων ἢ μυροπωλίων ἢ τῶν ἄλλων ἐργαστηρίων οὐδὲ πρὸς ἕν: ἀλλ᾽ ἄσπειστος, ἀνίδρυτος, ἄμεικτος, οὐ χάριν, οὐ φιλίαν, οὐκ ἄλλ᾽ οὐδὲν ὧν ἄνθρωπος μέτριος γιγνώσκων: μεθ᾽ ὧν δ᾽ οἱ ζωγράφοι τοὺς ἀσεβεῖς ἐν Ἅιδου γράφουσιν, μετὰ τούτων, μετ᾽ ἀρᾶς καὶ βλασφημίας καὶ φθόνου καὶ στάσεως καὶ νείκους, περιέρχεται.
[52] but he makes his way through the market-place like a snake or a scorpion with sting erect, darting hither and thither, on the look-out for someone on whom he can call down disaster or calumny or mischief of some sort, or whom he can terrify till he extorts money from him. He never calls at the barber’s or the perfumer’s or any other shop in the city. He is implacable, restless, unsociable; he has no charity, no friendliness, none of the feelings of a decent human being; he is attended by those companions whom painters couple with the damned souls in hell — by Malediction, Evil-speaking, Envy, Faction, Dissension.
[53] εἶθ᾽ ὃν οὐδὲ τῶν ἐν Ἅιδου θεῶν εἰκός ἐστιν τυχεῖν ἵλεων, ἀλλ᾽ εἰς τοὺς ἀσεβεῖς ὠσθῆναι διὰ τὴν πονηρίαν τοῦ βίου, τοῦτον ὑμεῖς ἀδικοῦντα λαβόντες οὐ μόνον οὐ τιμωρήσεσθε, ἀλλὰ καὶ μειζόνων ἀξιώσαντες δωρειῶν ἀφήσετ᾽ ἢ τοὺς εὐεργέτας; τίνι γὰρ πώποθ᾽ ὑμεῖς ἔδοτε, ἐὰν ὄφλῃ τι τῷ δημοσίῳ, τοῦτο μὴ καταθέντι τῶν ἴσων μετέχειν; οὐδενί. μὴ τοίνυν μηδὲ τούτῳ δῶτε νῦν, ἀλλὰ τιμωρήσασθε καὶ παράδειγμα ποιήσατε τοῖς ἄλλοις.
[53] This man, then, who is likely to find no mercy from the powers below, but to be thrust out among the impious for the depravity of his life — this man, when you have caught him doing wrong, will you not only decline to punish, but actually dismiss him with greater rewards than you would bestow on your benefactors? For what defaulter to the treasury have you ever allowed to enjoy full rights, unless he paid his debt? Not one! Then do not grant this favour to the defendant now, but punish him and make him a warning to the others.
[54] ἄξιον δ᾽ ἐστίν, ὦ ἄνδρες Ἀθηναῖοι, καὶ τὰ λοίπ᾽ ἀκοῦσαι: δεινῶν γὰρ ὄντων, οὐ μὲν οὖν ἐχόντων ὑπερβολήν, ὧν ἠκούσατ᾽ ἄρτι λέγοντος Λυκούργου, τὰ λοίπ᾽ ἐνάμιλλα τούτοις καὶ τῆς αὐτῆς φύσεως εὑρεθήσεται. πρὸς μὲν γὰρ τῷ τὸν πατέρ᾽ ἐν τῷ δεσμωτηρίῳ προδοὺς ἀπελθεῖν ἐξ Ἐρετρίας, ὥσπερ ἠκούσατε Φαίδρου, ἀποθανόνθ᾽ ὁ ἀσεβὴς οὗτος καὶ μιαρὸς οὐκ ἔθαψεν, οὐδὲ τοῖς θάψασι τὴν ταφὴν ἀπέδωκεν, ἀλλὰ καὶ δίκην πρὸς ἔλαχεν.
[54] The sequel too, men of Athens, is worth hearing. What you have just heard from Lycurgus is serious, or, rather, impossible to exaggerate, but the rest will be found to rival it and to be of the same character. Not content with abandoning his father in prison when he quitted Eretria, as you have heard from Phaedrus, this unnatural ruffian refused to bury him when he died, and would not refund the expenses to those who did bury him, but actually brought a law-suit against them.
[55] πρὸς δὲ τῷ τῆς μητρὸς μὴ ἀπεσχῆσθαι τὼ χεῖρε, ὥσπερ ἀρτίως ἠκούσατε τῶν μαρτύρων, καὶ τὴν ἀδελφὴν τὴν ἑαυτοῦ, οὐχ ὁμοπατρίαν μὲν οὖσαν, θυγατέρα δ᾽ ἐκείνης ὁπωσδήποτε γενομένην （ἐῶ γὰρ τοῦτο）, ἀλλ᾽ ἀδελφήν γε, ἐπ᾽ ἐξαγωγῇ ἀπέδοτο, ὥς φησι τὸ ἔγκλημα τῆς δίκης, ἣν ὑπὲρ τούτων ἔλαχεν αὐτῷ ὁ χρηστὸς ἀδελφὸς οὑτοσί, ὁ νῦν συναπολογησόμενος.
[55] Not content with offering violence to his mother, as you have just heard from witnesses, he actually sold his own sister — not indeed a sister by the same father, but his mother’s daughter, whatever her parentage （for I pass that by） — yes, sold his sister for export, as is stated in the indictment of the action which was brought against him on these grounds by his good brother here, who in the present action will help to defend him.
[56] πρὸς δὲ τούτοις τοιούτοις οὖσιν ἕτερον δεινόν, ὦ γῆ καὶ θεοί, πρᾶγμ᾽ ἀκούσεσθε. ὅτε γὰρ τὸ δεσμωτήριον διορύξας ἀπέδρα, τότε πρὸς γυναῖκά τιν᾽ ἔρχεται Ζωβίαν ὄνομα, ᾗ ἐτύγχανεν, ὡς ἔοικε, κεχρημένος ποτέ: καὶ κρύπτει καὶ διασῴζει τὰς πρώτας ἡμέρας αὐτὸν ἐκείνη, ἃς ἐζήτουν καὶ ἐκήρυττον οἱ ἕνδεκα, καὶ μετὰ ταῦτα δοῦσα δραχμὰς ὀκτὼ ἐφόδιον καὶ χιτωνίσκον καὶ ἱμάτιον ἐξέπεμψεν εἰς Μέγαρα.
[56] All this is bad enough, Heaven knows; but you shall hear another dreadful performance. On the occasion when he broke prison and ran away, he visited a certain woman named Zobia, with whom he had probably cohabited at one time. She kept him in safe hiding during the first few days, when the police were searching and advertising for him, and then she gave him eight drachmas journey-money and a tunic and a cloak and packed him off to Megara.
[57] ταύτην τὴν ἄνθρωπον, τὴν τοιαῦτ᾽ εὐεργετήσασαν αὐτόν, ὡς πολὺς παρ᾽ ὑμῖν ἔπν�
�ι καὶ λαμπρός, μεμφομένην τι καὶ τούτων ὑπομιμνῄσκουσαν καὶ ἀξιοῦσαν εὖ παθεῖν τὸ μὲν πρῶτον ῥαπίσας καὶ ἀπειλήσας ἀπέπεμψεν ἀπὸ τῆς οἰκίας, ὡς δ᾽ οὐκ ἐπαύεθ᾽ ἡ ἄνθρωπος, ἀλλὰ γυναίου πρᾶγμ᾽ ἐποίει καὶ πρὸς τοὺς γνωρίμους προσιοῦσ᾽ ἐνεκάλει, λαβὼν αὐτὸς αὐτοχειρίᾳ πρὸς τὸ πωλητηρίον τοῦ μετοικίου ἀπήγαγεν: καὶ εἰ μὴ κείμενον αὐτῇ τὸ μετοίκιον ἔτυχεν, ἐπέπρατ᾽ ἂν διὰ τοῦτον, ᾧ τῆς σωτηρίας αὐτὴ αἰτία ἐγεγόνει.
[57] When this same woman, who had been such a benefactress, complained to him, seeing that he was giving himself airs and making a great show here among you, and when she reminded him of her services and claimed some recompense, on the first occasion he cuffed her and threatened her and turned her out of his house. But when she persisted and, woman-like, went about among her acquaintance with complaints of his conduct, he seized her with his own hands and dragged her off to the auction-room at the aliens’ registry, and if her tax had not happened to be duly paid, she would have been put up for sale, thanks to this man who owed his safety to her.
[58] καὶ ταῦθ᾽ ὡς ἀληθῆ λέγω, κάλει μοι τὸν τὴν ταφὴν τοῦ πατρὸς οὐκ ἀπειληφότα, καὶ τὸν τῆς δίκης διαιτητήν, ἣν ὑπὲρ τῆς πράσεως τῆς ἀδελφῆς ἔλαχεν αὐτῷ οὑτοσί, καὶ τὸ ἔγκλημα φέρε. κάλει δέ μοι πρῶτον πάντων τὸν τῆς Ζωβίας προστάτην, τῆς ὑποδεξαμένης αὐτόν, καὶ τοὺς πωλητάς, πρὸς οὓς ἀπήγαγεν αὐτήν. ὑμεῖς δ᾽ ἠγανακτεῖτ᾽ ἀρτίως εἰ τῶν τὸν ἔρανον φερόντων εἰς τὴν σωτηρίαν αὐτῷ κατηγόρει. μιαρόν, μιαρόν, ὦ ἄνδρες Ἀθηναῖοι, τὸ θηρίον καὶ ἄμεικτον. λέγε τὰς μαρτυρίας.”Μαρτυρίαι”
[58] To prove the truth of this statement, please call the man who buried the defendant’s father without payment, and also the arbitrator in the action which the witness here in court brought against him for the sale of his sister, and produce the indictment. But first of all please summon the protector of Zobia, who gave him shelter, and the sale-commissioners before whom he carried her. You yourselves just now expressed your indignation at his accusing the man who had contributed towards his defence. Athenians, he is an unclean beast; his touch is pollution. Read the depositions.” Depositions”
[59] τίς οὖν ἱκανὴ κατὰ τοῦ τοσαῦτα καὶ τοιαῦτα πεποιηκότος γένοιτ᾽ ἂν δίκη; τίς ἀξία τιμωρία; θάνατος μὲν γὰρ ἔμοιγε μικρὰ φαίνεται.
[59] What penalty is adequate for a man who has committed such offences? What retribution does he deserve? To my thinking death is too light a sentence.
[60] ἓν τοίνυν εἰπὼν ἔτι τῶν ἰδίων αὐτοῦ πονηρευμάτων τὰ λοίπ᾽ ἐάσω. πρὶν γὰρ ἐξελθεῖν ἐκ τοῦ δεσμωτηρίου, ἐμπεσόντος ἀνθρώπου τινὸς Ταναγραίου πρὸς κατεγγύην, γραμματεῖον ἔχοντος, προσελθὼν καὶ λαλῶν ὁτιδήποθ᾽ ὑφαιρεῖται τὸ γραμματεῖον. αἰτιωμένου δὲ καὶ δεινὰ ποιοῦντος τἀνθρώπου, καὶ λέγοντος ὅτι οὐδεὶς ἄλλος ὑφῄρηται, εἰς τοῦτ᾽ ἀφικνεῖται βδελυρίας ὥστε τύπτειν ἐπεχείρησε τὸν ἄνθρωπον.
[60] One more instance, then, of his private crimes, and I will pass over the rest. Before Aristogeiton was released, a man of Tanagra was thrown into the prison until he could find bail. Aristogeiton accosts him and, while chatting on some topic or other, filches the pocket-book that he had on him; and when the man charged him with the theft and made a to-do about it, saying that no one else could have taken it, he so far forgot all decency that he tried to strike him.
[61] νεαλὴς δὲ καὶ πρόσφατος ὢν ἐκεῖνος περιῆν αὐτοῦ τεταριχευμένου καὶ πολὺν χρόνον ἐμπεπτωκότος. ὡς δ᾽ εἰς τοῦθ᾽ ἧκεν, ἀπεσθίει τὴν ῥῖνα τἀνθρώπου. καὶ τότε μὲν περὶ τὴν γεγονυῖαν συμφορὰν ἅνθρωπος γενόμενος ἀπέστη τοῦ τὸ γραμματεῖον ἐρευνᾶν καὶ ζητεῖν: ὕστερον δ᾽ εὑρίσκουσι τὸ γραμματεῖον ἐν κιβωτίῳ τινί, οὗ τὴν κλεῖν οὗτος εἶχεν. καὶ μετὰ ταῦτα ψηφίζονται περὶ αὐτοῦ ταῦθ᾽ οἱ ἐν τῷ οἰκήματι, μὴ πυρός, μὴ λύχνου, μὴ ποτοῦ, μὴ βρωτοῦ μηδενὸς μηδένα τούτῳ κοινωνεῖν, μηδὲ λαμβάνειν, μηδ᾽ αὐτὸν τούτῳ διδόναι.
[61] But the Tanagran, a fresh-caught fish, was getting the better of the defendant, who was thoroughly pickled, having been long in jail. So when it came to this, he swallows the other man’s nose. Then the unfortunate victim of this outrage abandoned the search for his pocket-book, which was afterwards found in a chest of which the defendant possessed the key. After that the inmates of the prison passed a resolution not to share fire or light, food or drink with him, not to receive anything from him, not to give him anything.
[62] καὶ ὅτι ταῦτ᾽ ἀληθῆ λέγω, κάλει μοι τὸν ἄνθρωπον οὗ τὴν ῥῖν᾽ ὁ μιαρὸς οὗτος ἐσθίων κατέφαγεν.”Μαρτυρία”
καλῶν γ᾽ ἔργων ὁ ῥήτωρ δημιουργὸς ὑμῖν γέγονεν. ἄξιόν γ᾽ ἐκ τοῦ τοιαῦτα πεποιηκότος στόματος λόγον ἢ συμβουλήν τιν᾽ ἀκοῦσαι. ἀνάγνωθι δὴ καὶ τουτὶ τὸ καλὸν περὶ αὐτοῦ δόγμα.”Δόγμα”
[62] To prove the truth of my statements, please call the man whose nose this monster bit off and swallowed.” Deposition “What a fine performance for your popular orator! What a privilege to hear words of wisdom from a man with such a record as this! Now read also the precious resolution that was passed about him.” Resolution”
[63] εἶτ᾽ οὐκ αἰσχύνεσθ᾽, ὦ ἄνδρες Ἀθηναῖοι, εἰ οἱ μὲν ἐπὶ πονηρίᾳ καὶ τοῖς ἐσχάτοις ἐμπεπτωκότες εἰς τὸ οἴκημα τοσούτῳ τοῦτον ἡγήσανθ᾽ ἑαυτῶν εἶναι πονηρότερον ὥστ᾽ ἄμεικτον ἑαυτοῖς καταστῆσαι, ὑμεῖς δ᾽ ἐξεληλακότων τῶν νόμων αὐτὸν ἐκ τῆς πολιτείας εἰς ὑμᾶς αὐτοὺς καταμείξετε; τί τῶν πεπραγμένων ἢ βεβιωμένων ἐπαινέσαντες; ἢ τί τῶν πάντων οὐχὶ δυσχεράναντες; οὐκ ἀσεβής; οὐκ ὠμός; οὐκ ἀκάθαρτος; οὐ συκοφάντης;
[63] Are you not ashamed then, men of Athens, if the men who had been thrown into prison for villainy and vice thought him so much more villainous than them selves that they forbade all intercourse with him, while you are ready to admit him to intercourse with yourselves, though the laws have placed him outside the pale of the constitution? What did you find to commend in his life or conduct? Which of all his actions has failed to move your indignation? Is he not impious, blood-thirsty, unclean, and a black mailer?
[64] ἀλλ᾽ ὅμως τοιαῦτα ποιῶν καὶ τοιοῦτος ὢν ἐν ἁπάσαις ἀεὶ βοᾷ ταῖς ἐκκλησίαις ‘ἐγὼ μόνος εὔνους ὑμῖν: πάντες οὗτοι συνεστᾶσιν: προδ�
�δοσθε: ἡ παρ᾽ ἐμοὶ μόνον εὔνοια λοιπή.’ βούλομαι δὴ τὴν σφοδρὰν καὶ μεγάλην εὔνοιαν αὐτοῦ ταύτην ἐξετάσαι, πόθεν ἐστὶ καὶ ἐκ τίνος αὐτῷ γεγονυῖα, ἵν᾽ εἰ μέν ἐστι τοιαύτη, χρῆσθ᾽ αὐτῇ καὶ πιστεύητε, εἰ δὲ μή, φυλάττησθε.
[64] And yet, in spite of his performances and his character, he misses no opportunity in the Assembly of bellowing, “I, only I, am your sincere well-wisher. All these others are in a cabal. You are betrayed. My patriotism is all you have left.” I should like to examine the source and origin of this great and wonderful patriotism of his, so that, if it is as he says, you may trust it and benefit by it; but if not, that you may be on your guard.
[65] πότερον γάρ, ὅτι τοῦ πατρὸς αὐτοῦ θάνατον κατέγνωτε καὶ τὴν μητέρ᾽ αὐτοῦ ὀφλοῦσαν ἀποστασίου ἀπέδοσθε, διὰ ταῦτ᾽ αὐτὸν ὑμῖν εὔνουν ὑπολαμβάνετ᾽ εἶναι; ἀλλ᾽ ἄτοπον νὴ τὸν Δία καὶ θεοὺς τοῦτό γε. εἰ μὲν γὰρ εὔνους ἐστὶν ἐκείνοις καὶ τὸν τῆς φύσεως διασῴζει νόμον, ὃς καὶ ἀνθρώποις καὶ θηρίοις εἷς καὶ ὁ αὐτὸς ἅπασιν ὥρισται, στέργειν τοὺς γονέας,